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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report on the third case in the world of mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the bladder. The tumour which may well derive from embryonic rests of mesonephric origin, developed in the region of the bladder neck and proximal urethra. The symptoms that led to the consultation consisted of dysuria with episodes of complete urinary retention. Clinical examination and IVU confirmed the presence of a tumour which could be seen on endoscopy, thus enabling biopsy. As there were no metastases, irradiation with telecobalt cured this patient. The undesired side-effect was the development of bladder retraction. This necessitated a cutaneous transcolic ureterostomy. The histological structure of these tumours is distinctive and easily recognizable and should not be missed by the pathologist. In regard to this rare tumour, it is interesting to note its radiosensitivity, and hence the potential of radiotherapy to effect a cure in patients so afflicted.
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PMID:[Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the bladder]. 716 14

Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare disease, since only about 50 cases in the English literature and two cases in Japanese literature have been reported. Here we report a case that is the youngest ever described in the literature. A 24-year-old man was referred to our hospital with right dull lumbago and dysuria. He had the same symptom for one and half year before referral. IVP showed right non-visualizing kidney and left hydronephrosis. Form abdominal CT scans and cystoscopic findings a retrovesical tumor was highly suspicious. Transperineal needle biopsy specimens revealed an undifferentiated malignant tumor. His serum Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and LDH were remarkably high and whole body CT scan and upper GI tract examination demonstrated no lesion. He developed ileus and underwent exploratory laparotomy and colostomy was constructed. There was a large mass arising from the prostate which invaded into the peritoneal cavity, and multiple metastases were seen on the omentum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Specimens from the mass arising from the prostate and lymph nodes revealed small cell carcinoma pathologically. A panel of antibodies were used to seek potential tumor markers and to identify substances produced by the tumor cells including enzymes, cytoskeletal components and hormones. And stains were positive for the NSE and chronogranin. An intensive anti-cancer chemotherapy with VP-16 and CDDP was done with minor response (MR) and the serum tumor marker, LDH and NSE, decreased markedly. However, he had expired on the 58th hospital day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate]. 806 70

A 73-year-old man presented to our hospital complaining of dysuria and nocturia. The examination revealed prostatic cancer. Metastatic cancer was not revealed by the examination. He underwent total prostatectomy and iliac lymphadenectomy. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with right iliac lymph node metastasis. On the 33rd postoperative day, he suddenly developed chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Arterial PO2 was 62 mmHg, and chest X-ray showed right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary perfusion scan revealed multiple cold areas throughout both lung fields. The diagnosis was pulmonary embolism and anti-coagulant therapy was immediately successful in resolving his symptoms. We suggest that pulmonary embolism should be considered as one of the postoperative complications of urological operations.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary embolism following total prostatectomy]. 817 46

The staging, screening and diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer are discussed. Prostate cancer kills about 40,000 men in the United States each year. Signs and symptoms range from dysuria to features of advanced metastatic disease. The American Urological System of staging prostate cancer designates four stages, A through D. The tumor is graded histologically with the Gleason scale. Methods used in the screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer include digital rectal examination, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay, biopsy, transrectal ultrasonography, and determination of PSA density, velocity, and age specificity. The value of screening and treatment remains controversial because tumors are generally slow-growing and conclusive data showing an effect on survival time are lacking. Treatment methods consist of prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormonal drug therapy or bilateral orchiectomy. The choice is influenced primarily by the stage of the disease but also by the patient's age, physical condition, and response to prior therapy. Patients with stage A or B disease are considered for prostatectomy or radiation therapy. The primary treatment for stage C disease is radiation therapy. For stage D, the main approaches are watchful waiting and bilateral orchiectomy or hormonal drug therapy to reduce androgenic stimulation of prostate tissue. Long-term survival rates are high for stages A and B and considerably lower for stages C and D. Prostate cancer responds to estrogens, but adverse effects are frequent and potentially severe. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (leuprolide and goserelin) are as effective as estrogens but have less toxicity; a disadvantage of these agents is an initial flaring of the disease. Other hormonal agents used include antiandrogens-progestins, flutamide, and bicalutamide. Secondary hormonal treatments (aminoglutethimide and ketoconazole) are less effective than initial hormonal therapy. Antineoplastic agents have little or no effectiveness in prostate cancer. Although the value of screening for and treating prostate cancer continues to be debated, many experts recommend annual screening for all men over 50. Research to identify more effective drugs for treating advanced disease continues.
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PMID:Prostate cancer: current and evolving strategies. 867 58

The patient was a 77-year-old man who visited our clinic with a chief complaint of dysuria. Digital rectal examination suggested prostatic carcinoma, but prostatic tumor marker levels were within normal limits. Transrectal needle biopsy was performed and histology was squamous cell carcinoma. Radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were performed with the diagnosis of T3N0M0 primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate. The 127 gm. tumor was moderately differentiated pT3N2M0 squamous cell carcinoma. Metastasis to the bilateral internal iliac arterial lymph nodes was confirmed histologically. Therefore, four courses of chemotherapy were performed using methotrexate, cisplatin, and pepleomycin. However, local recurrence was observed 11 months postoperatively and multiple pulmonary metastasis was developed at 13 months. The patient died of the disease 14 months after the operation. In Japan, seven cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate have been reported, but none of these patients were treated by radical prostatectomy when the diagnosis was established by preoperative biopsy. In this case, changes in the squamous cell carcinoma antigen level in the blood corresponded to the effect of postoperative chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate: a case report]. 868 89

A retrospective analysis of 160 cases of bladder tumors in females revealed that in 9 of these cases cancer in the bladder arose 1 to 22 years after radiation for uterine and breast cancer. This secondary tumor manifested in 2 females as dysuria, in one of them transition cell cancer of the bladder followed Brunno's cystitis 2 years after the cystitis diagnosis. The other patients had macrohematuria. Being a frequent complication of radiotherapy of pelvic cancer, dysuria and macrohematuria should not be considered as a sign of radiation-induced cystitis. Such patients should be carefully followed up with annual microscopic and cytological examinations of residual urine and cystoscopic control.
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PMID:[Ionizing radiation and bladder cancer]. 903 11

Prostate cancer is one of the commonest tumours of adult males. It shows a range of biological behaviour: many tumours are discovered incidentally; others will kill by producing widespread metastatic disease. Despite the fact that radiation is frequently used in the treatment of a range of pelvic lesions, including adenocarcinoma of the prostate itself, studies on the morphological changes in the normal prostate gland after irradiation are limited. This seems particularly surprising following the increasing use of needle biopsy specimens to assess the prostate. Patients who receive pelvic irradiation often suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms such as frequency and dysuria and it is possible that these may be related to prostatic and/or periprostatic injury. We therefore investigated the prostate glands removed at cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder which had received radiotherapy pre-operatively. The changes were compared to control prostatic tissue from transurethral resection specimens for benign myoadenomatous hyperplasia. We found a range of inflammatory, fibrotic and reactive cytological features, including many of the changes seen in benign hyperplasia, but these were significantly more exaggerated in the post-radiation group. In addition intraprostatic vascular and neural changes were prominent. This study documents radiation-induced changes throughout the normal prostate gland and neighbouring soft tissue and has particular importance in current pathological practice with the increasing and widespread use of needle biopsies in the diagnosis and follow-up of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Effects of radiation on the normal prostate gland. 914 82

A 59-year-old male visited us with a chief complaint of dysuria. The serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was within normal limits, and intravenous pyelography and urethrocystography showed no abnormal findings. Because of his urinary retention, transurethral resection of prostate was performed under a clinical diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Not only combination hormone therapy with goserelin acetate and flutamide, but also intermittent arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) and pirarubicin (THP) using a reservoir system was administered. Additionally total pelvic irradiation was delivered. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that his prostate was reduced to less than 50% in size and he had no difficulty in voiding. He suddenly developed dysarthria and hemiplegia 3 months later. MRI and computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple brain metastases. After the gamma knife radiosurgery, neurological findings disappeared and MRI showed dramatic shrinkage of metastatic brain tumors. Metastasis to the pancreas was recognized on CT and he died of multiple organ failure 30 months after his first visit.
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PMID:[Complete remission of brain metastases from prostate cancer by gamma knife radiosurgery: a case report]. 1143 55

A 49-year-old man complained of dysuria and pollakisuria. The prostate was enlarged, and the serum level of prostate specific antigen was within the normal range. Under the diagnosis of benign prostatic hypertrophy, transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. Unexpectedly, histopathological examination of the resected tissues revealed pure small cell carcinoma. The serum level of progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) was slightly elevated. The cancer was clinically diagnosed as stage C. Pelvic radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (VP-16) was started according to the treatment for limited small cell cancer of the lung. After one month, the serum level of ProGRP decreased to the normal range. After four months, the prostate was reduced in size without any findings of metastases on computed tomography, and prostate biopsy revealed no viable cancer cells.
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PMID:[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate successfully treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a case report]. 1196 36

Metastatic tumors of the penis are rare. They are usually secondary to primaries of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. This entity is usually accompanied by distressing symptoms like dysuria, pain, induration, swelling of the penis and priapism, making immediate intervention necessary. Different methods of treatment are used to achieve the palliative effect: local surgical excision, penis amputation, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the prognosis is poor, because the disease is already disseminated and in most cases other metastases will occur soon.
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PMID:Penile metastases from urogenital primaries. 1245 36


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