Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Herbicide Pielik (sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate) was tested with the aid of Guerin cancer animal model in 129 Wistar rats. An effect of this herbicide on the cancer growth dynamic (size and weight of the tumor), its malignancy (lymphatic nodes involvement), tumor-dependent animal cachexia (real body weight), and survival of rats depending on exposure period have been analysed. Aqueous solution of the herbicide was administered to animals of groups II, IV, V, and VI in the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily (1/3 LD50). Young rats were exposed to the herbicide during pre- and postnatal period till the death (groups III, IV and VI in the 80th day of life. Exposure to the herbicide was continued. Rats of all groups were sacrificed in the 16th, 20th, and 42nd day after implantation of Guerin cancer. Eight animals of each group were kept alive to assess survival. Accelerated growth of the tumor was noted in the animals exposed to the herbicide for the prolonged period of time (before and after birth). The same daily dose administered to the animals after weaning and continued to the 16th, 20th, and 42nd day of tumor development (group IV) has not significant effect on tumor growth rate. An increase in the incidence as well as earlier onset of metastases to auxillary and groin lymphatic nodes were seen in group VI in comparison with the control animals (group III).
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PMID:[Some parameters of Guerin cancer growth after exposure to Pielik (sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate)]. 830 21

We report on an 84-year-old female patient who presented with abundant firm skin nodules and massive lymphoedema restricted to the left leg. Metastasizing eccrine porocarcinoma was diagnosed by the unusual circumscribed pattern of the cutaneous metastases and the histological detection of intraepidermal and intradermal PAS-positive tumour cells. This diagnosis was established by the histopathological reexamination of a small skin tumour on the left ankle, which had been misinterpreted as actinic keratosis 5 years before. The initiated local radiation therapy with fast neurons and cobalt-60 resulted in partial regression of the cutaneous metastases and lymphoedema, but was not able to hamper the fatal outcome directly resulting from tumour cachexia.
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PMID:[Metastasizing eccrine porocarcinoma]. 846 1

We present herein the case of a 64-year-old man diagnosed as having a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the pancreas. The tumor originated in the tail of the pancreas and invaded the spleen, left adrenal gland, left kidney, and transverse colon. Liver and peritoneal metastases were also noted. Despite surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy, the disease progressed rapidly and the patient died of cachexia 4 months after his initial diagnosis. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare entity, and is believed to be a form of adenosquamous carcinoma known as adenoacanthoma. However, in this patient, no differentiated squamous cell component could be detected. In fact, the tumor was composed of mucin-producing cells, epidermoid cells, and intermediate cells. Immunohistochemical staining for the carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, and SPan-1 demonstrated a production of cancerous mucin in the epidermoid cells, suggesting that mucoepidermoid carcinoma may arise from the squamoid metaplasia of an adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the pancreas: report of a case. 855 7

The molecular mechanisms by which human cancer cells spread to bone are largely unexplored. The process likely involves cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that are responsible for homophilic and heterophilic cell-cell interactions. One relevant CAM may be the calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein E-cadherin. To investigate the involvement of E-cadherin in breast cancer metastasis to bone, we used an in vivo model in which osteolytic bone metastases preferentially occur after injections of cancer cells directly into the arterial circulation through the left ventricle of the hearts of nude mice. We have found that E-cadherin-negative human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) develop radiographically detectable multiple osteolytic bone metastases and cachexia in this model. However, MDA-231 breast cancer cells that were transfected with E-cadherin cDNA showed a dramatically impaired capacity to form osteolytic metastases and induce cachexia. Histological and histomorphometrical analyses of bones of mice bearing mock-transfected MDA-231 revealed aggressive metastatic tumor, whereas metastatic tumor burden was significantly decreased in the bones of mice bearing E-cadherin-expressing MDA-231. Nude mice bearing E-cadherin-transfected MDA-231 breast cancer cells survived longer than mice bearing mock-transfected MDA-231 breast cancer cells. Anchorage-dependent and -independent growth in culture and tumor enlargement in the mammary fat pad of nude mice were unchanged between mock-transfected and E-cadherin-expressing MDA-231, suggesting that these differences in metastatic behavior are not due to an impairment of cell growth and tumor-igenicity. Our results show the suppressive effects of E-cadherin expression on bone metastasis by circulating breast cancer cells and suggest that the modulation of expression of this CAM may reduce the destructive effects of breast cancer cells on bone.
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PMID:E-cadherin expression in human breast cancer cells suppresses the development of osteolytic bone metastases in an experimental metastasis model. 875 80

Paraneoplastic manifestations are present in up to 20% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is convincing evidence that RCC tumor cells elaborate proteins that serve as mediators of endocrine (eg, ectopic production of parathyroid hormone-related protein or erythropoietin) as well as nonendocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. A paraneoplastic syndrome may be the initial clinical presentation of RCC in a significant number of patients, and recognition of these syndromes may facilitate early diagnosis. Most paraneoplastic syndromes associated with RCC remit after resection of the primary RCC or treatment of metastatic sites. The natural history of metastatic RCC is extremely variable. A significant proportion of patients may survive several years with slowly progressing metastatic disease. In these patients, the accurate diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic syndromes may be important in palliative management. Except for hypercalcemia, conventional medical therapies are seldom helpful. Other paraneoplastic manifestations of RCC include cachexia, fever, hepatic dysfunction, anemia, and amyloidosis, although our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology remains incomplete.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic manifestations of renal cell carcinoma. 894 20

We report a 28 years old woman who consulted for diarrhea of two years and a thyroid nodule. A medullary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed and a thyroidectomy performed. There was a local relapse two months later and distant metastases were found five months later. A MIBG-1131 scintigraphic image of the adrenals lead to the suspicion of a bilateral pheochromocytoma. The surgical resection of the adrenals confirmed the diagnosis. There was no response to chemotherapy and the patient continued with severe hypercalcemia, repeated infections, persistent diarrhea and cachexia, dying one year after the diagnosis. There was no family history of the disease. We conclude that this is a particularly aggressive presentation of a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.
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PMID:[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Report of a case with an unusually aggressive outcome]. 919 24

During neck surgery some complications can involve the lymphatic system as well. The injury of the thoracic duct is the most important. A case of chylorrhoea after left radical neck dissection, which had been done by reason of metastases of larynx carcinoma, is reported. Chylorrhoea had yielded after underpin and ligation of the thoracic duct. Four weeks after radical neck dissection extensive tumor in postoperative scar had been found, and two weeks later numerous tumors in scar, on the neck, chin, face and chest had appeared. Patient had died ten weeks after neck dissection among the symptoms of cancerous cachexia.
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PMID:[Lymphatic system--topographic and functional considerations contributing to complications in neck surgery]. 945 7

Metastasis of the oral and maxillofacial region frequently causes serious morbidity. Despite the importance of the clinical problem, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms of this metastatic process. Therefore, we examined whether the intracardiac injection of human breast cancer cells reproductively leads to jaw metastases developing an adequate experimental model. Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) cells (1 x 10(5)) were injected into the left heart ventricle of 4-week-old, female nude mice. Jaw metastases were examined radiographically and histologically 4 weeks after the cancer cell inoculation. At this time, the nude mice showed a marked body weight loss and cachexia. Osteolytic bone metastases were commonly observed in limbs, vertebral bone, pelvis and scapulae. In maxillofacial bones, breast cancer cells metastasized in 11 of 12 nude mice (91.7%). The lesions were radiographically determined at the mandible (11/12), maxilla (8/12) and zygomatic arch (2/12). Metastasis frequently occurred at the molar and angle regions of the mandible and at the palatal suture as well as around the root of the incisal teeth of the maxilla respectively. Histological examination revealed that numerous osteoclasts were present along the trabecular bone surfaces with aggressive bone resorption. This experimental model may be useful not only for the investigation of the mechanism of jaw metastasis formation but also for the screening of potential therapeutic agents for osteolytic bone metastasis.
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PMID:Experimental bone metastasis model of the oral and maxillofacial region. 967 73

The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and omega-6 PUFAs on the development of experimentally induced colon carcinoma metastasis in rat liver were investigated quantitatively in vivo. Rats were kept on either a low-fat diet or on a fish oil (omega-3 PUFAs) or safflower oil (omega-6 PUFAs) diet for 3 weeks before the administration of colon cancer cells to the portal vein, until they were sacrificed at 1 or 3 weeks after tumor transplantation. At 1 week after transplantation, the fish oil diet had induced 7-fold more metastases (in terms of number and size) than had the low-fat diet, whereas the safflower oil diet had not affected the number and total volume of metastases. At 3 weeks after tumor transplantation, the fish oil diet and the safflower oil diet had induced, respectively, 10- and 4-fold more metastases (number) and over 1000- and 500-fold more metastases (size) than were found in the livers of rats on the low-fat diet. These differences were sex independent. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the immune system in the liver (Kupffer cells, pit cells, T cells, newly recruited macrophages, and the activation state of macrophages) did not play a significant role in this diet-dependent outgrowth of tumors. In conclusion, omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs promote colon cancer metastasis in the liver without down-regulating the immune system. This finding has serious implications for the treatment of cancer patients with fish oil diet to fight cachexia.
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PMID:Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote colon carcinoma metastasis in rat liver. 969 61

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with a dismal prognosis; new modalities of treatment as alternatives to surgery have been developed for unresectable patients. The authors obtain baseline data for the natural history of HCC so that the efficacy of new treatments may be evaluated. A retrospective study of 157 untreated patients with tissue-proven or serodiagnosed HCC was conducted. Clinical characteristics including laboratory investigation, treatment received, survival from the time of diagnosis, and prognostic factors were evaluated. There were 129 men and 28 women (ratio, 4.6:1). Median age was 50.9 years (range, 14.1-85.3 years). The most common symptoms and signs were weight loss (68.2%), abdominal fullness (62.5%), abdominal pain (51.6%), hepatomegaly (73.7%), ascites (45.2%), and jaundice (40.6%). Eighteen percent had extrahepatic metastases of which the lungs were the most common site. Seventy percent were hepatitis B virus related. Overall median survival was 8.7 weeks after the time of diagnosis. Survivals by stages were: TNM II, 16.6 weeks; TNM III, 7.3 weeks; TNM IVA, 9.7 weeks; TNM IVB, 7.6 weeks; Okuda II, 10.7 weeks; and Okuda III, 7.3 weeks. Multivariate analysis revealed serum total bilirubin and albumin as independent prognostic factors of survival. Common causes of death were upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (34.1%), cancer-related causes (cachexia, HCC rupture, metastatic disease, 31.8%), and hepatic failure (25.0%). Patients with HCC were diagnosed at late stages of their disease and the advanced nature of the tumor precluded effective therapy. Earlier tumor detection at a time when patients are better candidates for treatment may be aided by an active surveillance program of high risk groups.
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PMID:Natural history of untreated primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 157 patients. 970 39


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