Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present the experience about modifications of the mammographic data caused by X-ray irradiations which are described in three publications of other authors. Then they mention a first case observed by themselves in 1953 and give a detailed description and documentation of a new observation. In these cases and contrary to the reports of the other authors, a total regression of the tumor shadow in the radiogram was found. The first patient had demonstratable pulmonary metastases already when she was irradiated and the new patient died of cachexia. Before she died, metastases of the vertebral column were demonstrated by radiography which, according to the general and clinical findings, had certainly already existed at the beginning of radiotherapy. It had not been possible to find out what was the nature of pasty swellings lying near the tumor which had not been visible on the radiogram.
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PMID:[Control of the success of radiotherapy in case of mastocarcinomas by means of mammography (author's transl)]. 9 Dec 46

It is reported on the technique of transplantation of a carcinoma on the pancreas of the rat. As to the origin the malignoma used is a tumour induced by Methyl-Yellow and known as solid form of the Zajdela-hepatoma. Out of 50 transplantation experiments 48 were successful (96%). After continuous growth regional formations of metastases were observed. Death took place in the 3rd week after transgression of the borders of the organs under the picture of cachexia.
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PMID:[Pancreas carcinoma in the rat (attempts at implantation)]. 17 9

A subpopulation of human lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fe portion of IgG causes lysis of nucleated target cells in the presence of antibody. The reaction is known as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the effector cells have been called killer (K) cells. We have measured K cell activity quantitatively in the peripheral blood of cancer patients using 51Cr labeled murine mastocytoma target cells and hyperimmune rabbit antimastocytoma antibody. ADCC was the same in males and females, was not affected by eating, smoking or the presence of infections, but was decreased in those over 65 years, during pregnancy, and in those with cachexia, or severe sepsis associated with nonmalignant diseases. It was normal in those with cancers being treated for cure and in those with benign diseases, but was decreased in those with advanced cancers. Operation did not produce a significant change in those who were not immunodepressed; in those who were immunodepressed before operation it caused a significant decrease maximal by the fifth day with recovery by the 15th day. Radiotherapy caused a decrease in K cell activity, maximal at 4 weeks, that persisted for 12 weeks with recovery after that time in those who did not have residual tumor. The values did not return to normal in those who had persistent tumor or distant metastases.
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PMID:Effect of operation and radiotherapy on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 31 42

N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) given intravenously to rats at age 50 days induced mammary carcinomas in 89% of BUF/N, 73% of Sprague-Dawley, and 89% of F344 females. Latent periods were, respectively, 77, 86, and 94 days. Mortality was negligible. Biologic properties of NMU-induced tumors were tested in the BUF/N inbred strain. Before treatment, it reduced the number of tumors per rat but not the incidence; and after the tumor was established, castration arrested tumor growth or caused a temporary regression of the tumor. Metastases to bone marrow and spleen were constant, but they were rare to the liver and lungs. After the primary tumor was removed, metastases continued to grow but at a slower rate than the growth of the primary tumor. Almost all tumors were transplantable intraperitoneally and/or subcutaneously in the inguinal area of intact as well as ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats. Transplanted tumors were able to metastasize as were primary tumors. Doubling times of NMU-induced primary and transplanted carcinomas were similar to 7 days. Cachexia ensued at the 5th week from the onset of the first tumor. When the tumor was larger than 15 g, hypercalcemia was usually observed. The treatment described appears to be the simplest method for inducing in rats a most nearly complete model for human mammary carcinomas.
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PMID:N-nitrosomethylurea as mammary gland carcinogen in rats. 111 23

A case-report of a patient with acquired ichthyosis is given. The symptoms of the main disease-ascites, heavy edema, cachexia and general dissolution-became manifest at the same time as the cutaneous manifestations. The histological examination of a neck lymph node showed metastases of a carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The autopsy resulted in the diagnosis M. Hodgkin. The dermatosis (ichthyosis) is explained as cutaneous pareneoplastic syndrome. The pathogenesis of the disease and the possible role of A-vitaminosis resp. disturbance of vit. A metabolism in the manifestation of the cutaneous manifestations is discussed.
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PMID:[Acquired ichthyosis as a cutaneous symptom of Hodgkin's disease. Paraneoplastic syndrome]. 122 9

The mechanisms by which tumor cells metastasize to bone are not well understood. We have investigated the role of the basement membrane glycoprotein, laminin, in bone metastasis, since antagonists to laminin have been shown to inhibit the formation of lung metastases. We studied the formation of osteolytic metastases caused by a human tumor which is known to cause osteolysis and hypercalcemia in nude mice. We found that tumor-bearing nude mice developed hypercalcemia, cachexia, and characteristic osteolytic lesions throughout the skeleton after injection of this human melanoma cell line (A375) into the left ventricle. When we gave injections to nude mice with A375 cells which had been exposed to C(YIGSR)3-NH2, a laminin-derived synthetic peptide containing three linear sequences of YIGSR with an amino-terminal cysteine which competes with laminin for its receptor, we found a decrease in the formation of detectable osteolytic bone metastases. The tumor cells were incubated with the antagonist and then inoculated into nude mice which were administered the antagonist i.p. Hypercalcemia and cachexia were also decreased in tumor-bearing mice treated with the laminin antagonist. In contrast, laminin itself increased the number of osteolytic bone metastases, as has been shown for other tumor cells. These data suggest that laminin plays a role in the formation of osteolytic bone metastases in this model and that laminin antagonists may be useful in the prevention of bone metastases in some human tumors.
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PMID:A synthetic antagonist to laminin inhibits the formation of osteolytic metastases by human melanoma cells in nude mice. 139 44

We report three new cases of glucagonoma revealed, 6 to 12 months after its onset, by non-specific and misleading skin lesions associated in all 3 cases with diabetes mellitus, severe deterioration of the general condition and hyperglucagonaemia. Non-invasive methods, such as ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT), are most helpful to locate the pancreatic tumour. Phlebography with tiered venous blood sampling is useful in difficult cases. A false positive result has been recorded with arteriography. Ultrasonography and CT have yielded two false negative results. The alpha-chain of the chorionic gonadotrophin hormone has limited value in the diagnosis of malignant glucagonoma. Treatment is surgical, but despite it, the prognosis is severe (two of our three patients died), due to the risk of thromboembolism, to cachexia and to metastases that are frequent at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:[The glucagonoma syndrome. 3 new cases]. 141 Aug 82

Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as well as content of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in the blood of patients with tumor of gastrointestinal tract. In the early stage of development of tumor SOD activity and concentration of MDA in whole blood was decreased while catalase activity was increased significantly. In the cases of metastases spreading and cachexia both SOD and catalase activities were greatly decreased; the content of MDA was increased.
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PMID:[Free radical reactions and cancer]. 149 95

TNF, a cytokine produced by macrophages, is able either to exert an antitumor activity, or to determine severe clinical complications, such as cachexia and septic shock. Increased blood levels of TNF have been described in cancer patients. The present study was performed to better define TNF secretion in patients with solid tumors. The study included 48 cancer patients (lung cancer: 22; colon cancer: 11; breast cancer: 10; renal cancer: 5), and among them 27 showed distant organ metastases. TNF serum levels were measured by IRMA method. The control group comprised 40 healthy subjects. TNF levels were also evaluated in relation to those of SIL-2R, whose increase seems to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis in cancer. High levels of TNF were seen in 27/48 (56%) patients. Mean levels of TNF were significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls. Moreover, within the cancer group, TNF mean values were significantly higher in metastatic patients than in those without metastases; the highest levels were observed in patients with visceral lesions as dominant metastasis sites. Finally, patients with high TNF concentrations showed significantly higher mean levels of SIL-2R than those with normal values. This study shows that the neoplastic metastatic disease is associated with an exaggerated TNF secretion.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor in solid tumors: increased blood levels in the metastatic disease. 149 96

Paraneoplastic syndromes are caused by factors produced by cancer cells that often act at a site distant from both the primary site and its metastases. These syndromes are estimated to occur in only 7% to 15% of patients with cancer and are diagnoses of exclusion. If the definition of paraneoplastic syndrome is broadened to include indirect effects of the tumor such as cachexia or the anemia of chronic disease, the incidence is much higher. Lung cancer, particularly small cell lung cancer, is the most common malignancy causing paraneoplastic syndromes. This review focuses on recently published literature on paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer, including humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, autoimmune paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, neuromuscular disorders, and cancer cachexia. It includes advances in both molecular biology and immunology, and in clinical investigation.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer. 159 5


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