Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The medical records of 14 hyperthyroid cats with thyroid carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively regarding historical, physical, laboratory, and thyroid scintiscan findings, treatment, and treatment outcome. Breed predilection was not detected, and older castrated male cats were most commonly affected. The most common clinical signs detected by owners were weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, hyperactivity, and anorexia. Physical examination findings included tachycardia, palpable cervical mass, hyperactivity, cardiac murmur, and abnormal coat. Common abnormal laboratory findings were high serum thyroxine and triiodo-thyronine concentrations and high serum alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase activities. Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperglycemia were noticed less frequently. The most common thyroid scintiscan findings were multiple nodular areas of high radionuclide uptake in the cervical region, thoracic inlet, and cranial mediastinum. The most common morphologic diagnosis was mixed compact and follicular carcinoma, with follicular and papillary carcinomas being less common. Most cats responded well to treatment of the thyroid tumor, with rapid resolution of the historical and physical examination findings. The most common necropsy findings were local tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastases, cardiomyopathy, and interstitial nephritis.
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PMID:Thyroid carcinoma causing hyperthyroidism in cats: 14 cases (1981-1986). 318 90

A non-randomized clinical study on systemic combination chemotherapy was conducted by the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin to compare the effectiveness of CAP (cyclophosphamide 200-500 mg/m2, adriamycin 30-50 mg/m2 and cisplatin 30-50 mg/m2) and CAF (cyclophosphamide 200-500 mg/m2, adriamycin 30-50 mg/m2 and 5-fluorouracil 250 mg/m2) in 123 patients (104 evaluable) with advanced and/or metastatic cancer of the urinary bladder. Among 96 patients who were non-randomly selected to receive CAP, 4 achieved complete remission, 12 achieved partial remission, 7 achieved minor response, 30 had stable disease, and 43 had disease progression. The response in the 8 patients who received CAF were: partial remission in 1 and progressive disease in 7. The overall response rate to CAP therapy was 17%, as against 13% for CAF therapy. The median duration of survival with CAP was 29 weeks and with CAF, 22 weeks. The differences between the two groups in duration of survival and response rate were not statistically significant. Complete and/or partial remissions were observed in the lymph nodes, lung and liver in 32%, 24%, and 57% of cases, respectively. There was no objective response in bone metastasis. The main side effects of CAP were anorexia (88%), nausea and/or vomiting (81%), alopecia (65%), leukopenia (72%), anemia (48%), and renal dysfunction (17%). No patients died as a result of toxicity of these combination chemotherapy modalities.
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PMID:Phase III trial of the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin: cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatinum versus cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. 331 45

The medical records of 32 cats with small intestinal adenocarcinoma were reviewed. Common clinical signs included vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, cachexia, anorexia, and lethargy. In 50% of the cats, an abdominal mass was palpated, and in 38%, a mass was seen on radiographs. Biopsy of the tumor without resection was performed in 9 cats; 8 cats were euthanatized at the time of surgery, 7 because of metastases, and 1 cat died 1 day after surgery. In 23 cats, resection was performed. Eleven of these died within 2 weeks after surgery (mean survival time, 2.6 days); 8 had lymph node metastasis. Twelve cats survived greater than 2 weeks after surgery. The mean survival of 11 of these cats was 15 months. Six cats were euthanatized because of recurrent signs; 5 of the 6 had a recurrent abdominal mass. One cat was alive 2 years after surgery. Results of this study indicated that cats with adenocarcinoma, even those cats with advanced disease, can have long-term survival after surgery.
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PMID:Small intestinal adenocarcinoma in cats: 32 cases (1978-1985). 335 Jul 52

A phase II group study of cisplatin for cervical and endometrial carcinomas was carried out in 19 institutes throughout Japan. The patients entered consisted of 62 women with cervical and 7 with endometrial carcinoma of whom 39 and 4 were evaluable, respectively. Cisplatin was administered in either of two regimens; 10-20 mg/m2 i.v., on days 1-5, or 50-100 mg/m2 i.v., on day 1, every 3 to 4 weeks. The responders comprised 4 CRs and 10 PRs for cervical carcinoma and 1 CR and 2 PRs for endometrial carcinoma, and the response rates were 35.9% and 75.0%, respectively. The response rates by histological classification were 39.4% (13/33) for squamous cell carcinoma and 16.7% (1/6) for non-squamous cell carcinoma. Response rates analysed by lesion site were 33.3% for primary tumors, 36.8% for local lesions and 33.3% for metastases. Furthermore, the response rate among patients without any prior chemotherapy was 44.4% vs. 16.7% for those with prior chemotherapy. Adverse effects included nausea and vomiting (95.3%), anorexia (93%), anemia (72.1%), leucopenia (60.5%) and elevation of BUN (16.3%). Adverse effects were tolerable. We concluded from these results that cisplatin is among the most efficacious and useful drugs against cervical (and endometrial) carcinoma(s).
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PMID:[Phase II study of cisplatin in cervical and endometrial carcinomas]. 356 7

Fifteen consecutive patients with metastatic carcinoma who demonstrated bilateral adrenal metastasis on abdominal computed tomography (CT) were evaluated by the cosyntropin challenge test. Primary sites of tumors included lung, ten; colon, two; gastric, one; ovarian, one; and unknown primary, one. Bilateral adrenal enlargement was defined as greater than 1 cm on CT scan. Adrenal insufficiency was defined as a failure to increase serum cortisol by at least 5 micrograms/100 ml to a minimum of 15 micrograms/100 ml at either 30 or 60 minutes postcosyntropin. No patient had previously been on corticosteroids. All patients were questioned and examined for symptoms/signs of adrenal insufficiency. Five patients (33%) were found to have adrenal insufficiency based on the cosyntropin test. Of the clinical parameters evaluated, all five patients had nausea, anorexia, and orthostatic hypotension. The clinical onset of adrenal insufficiency was insidious; no patient experienced acute adrenal crisis. We conclude that adrenal insufficiency is not a rare occurrence in patients with metastatic cancer and bilateral adrenal involvement on CT scan.
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PMID:Prospective evaluation of adrenal insufficiency in patients with adrenal metastasis. 358 Oct 24

A case of pancreatic carcinoma in a 14-year-old Japanese boy is reported. He complained of general fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension, and abdominal mass. At autopsy, a whitish tumor was found from the head to the body of the pancreas. Metastasis was found in the liver, lungs, gall bladder, and various lymph nodes such as stomach, hilus, and periaorta. The tumor was histologically determined to be moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (cribriform type) of duct cell origin. However, the tumors showed PAS-positive diastase-resistant mucus in the cytoplasm. Histocytology showed the positivity for alpha 1-antitrypsin, secretory component (sc), and CEA, but no S-amylase was detected in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy revealed zymogen-like granules in the cytoplasm suggesting acinar differentiation.
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PMID:Pancreatic carcinoma in childhood. 370 61

Seventeen patients with metastatic renal cancer were treated with human lymphoblastoid cell-derived alpha interferon, 30 X 10(6) U/m2, which was given intravenously for 3 consecutive days of each week for 6 weeks. On the days of interferon treatment only, patients received prednisone, 15 mg t.i.d., in order to minimize toxicity. Of the 16 evaluable patients, one had a minor regression of disease, eight had stable metastatic disease, and seven progressed. Constitutional symptoms, such as fever, anorexia, and fatigue, were common. Debilitating degrees of malaise were a treatment-limiting factor.
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PMID:A phase II trial of high-dose human lymphoblastoid alpha interferon in patients with advanced renal carcinoma. 373 46

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a double-stranded ribonucleic acid that is a potent inducer of interferon production, was used in a stabilized form to treat 11 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Seven patients completed a full course of 8 infusions at maximum tolerated dosage. All patients experienced transient fever and marked fatigue. Anorexia was mild. Transient leukopenia occurred in 3 patients and reversible elevation in creatinine was observed in 1. All 4 patients with brain metastases became lethargic, and 3 died during or shortly after therapy. Only 2 patients demonstrated measurable total regression of isolated metastases (pleural/pulmonary in 1 and bone in 1) but in both metastases at other sites progressed. No partial regressions were seen. Metastases at all other sites (liver, brain and renal fossa) progressed during therapy. Patients who appeared to respond and who performed best during therapy generally demonstrated a higher performance status initially. Expression of natural cytotoxicity in in vitro testing did not correlate with a demonstrated response to treatment.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. 380 4

Weight loss and anorexia are significant complications of a variety of disorders and add morbidity to the underlying process. We observed marked weight gain (median, 5.1 kg; range, 0.9 to 20.1 kg) and appetite enhancement in 27 of the 28 patients with breast cancer receiving treatment consisting of high doses of oral megestrol acetate (480 to 1600 mg/d). Weight gain occurred regardless of pretreatment weight, extent of metastases, or response to therapy. Our results suggest a possible role for megestrol acetate in reversing anorexia and weight loss, thereby improving the quality of life of patients with cachexia. Further research is needed to establish the mechanism of weight gain and potential clinical applications.
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PMID:High-dose megestrol acetate. A possible treatment for cachexia. 380 18

To demonstrate that the anorexia and depletion of cachexia reverses on tumor removal, F344 rats underwent sarcoma resection when their food intake fell to 0 g/day. In survivors of surgery, reversal in food intake was apparent within 3 days postoperatively, followed after 2 days by gain in host weight. To detect whether the transmission of anorexia/cachexia in these tumor-bearing (TB) rats was via the circulation, four groups were studied: single non-tumor bearing (NTB); single TB; parabiotic NTB; and parabiotic TB. The measured blood exchange rate between parabiotic halves was 1.2-1.5%/min. No cachectic effect was detected in either half of the NTB parabionts. There was no evidence of sarcoma metastases in the tumor-free half of the parabiotic TB pair. All the rats associated with the presence of tumor showed cachectic effects but the degree and timing of effect varied among the three conditions, single TB, parabiotic TB half, and parabiotic tumor-free half. In all variables examined (fall in food intake, time of first fall in food intake, host weight loss, elevation of blood urea nitrogen) the severities were always in the same sequence: single TB greater than parabiotic TB half greater than parabiotic tumor-free half greater than NTB. In addition, the TB parabiotic pair had a significantly longer survival time and grew a significantly larger tumor than did the single TB animal. The parabiotic tumor had a slower initial growth rate and a slower deceleration rate than the singlet tumor. These results provide evidence for the humoral mediation of cancer-associated cachexia.
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PMID:Parabiotic transfer of cancer anorexia/cachexia in male rats. 386 7


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