Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since oxidative DNA damage plays a role in experimental carcinogen-induced cancers, the purpose of the present study was to determine if hepatic oxidative DNA damage was increased in patients with HCC compared to patients with benign hepatic tumors or hepatic metastases (non-HCC) or to patients with end-stage alcoholic liver disease undergoing liver transplantation. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). Results showed that peritumoral 8-OH-dG was markedly increased in HCC (N= 51) (180 +/- 74 vs 32 +/- 58-OH-dG/10(6)dG for tumor, P < 0.005) in contrast to patients with non-HCC (N = 17), in whom the peritumoral 8-OH-dG did not differ from that in tumor (39 +/- 7 vs. 31 +/- 108-OH-dG/10(6)dG). Oxidative DNA damage can be both mutagenic and carcinogenic; our data suggested it will be important in future studies to determine the chronology of this type of liver injury relative to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Increased hepatic oxidative DNA damage in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 1168 May 93

This paper summarises the discussions from a meeting held on contrast ultrasound held on 21 October 2000 in Toronto, Canada. The aims of this meeting, supported by ATL/Philips Ultrasound, was to review the current clinical indications for contrast usage in the liver and kidney, arrive at recommendations for use of intravenous contrast agents, and speculate on the future uses. This paper is published to help understand this rapidly evolving field. Consensus points included a recommendation that Levovist in its post-vascular phase was of considerable value in detecting and excluding metastases in the liver, although unlikely realistically to replace CT or MR. Newer agents such as Sonovue, Definity and Sonazoid, suitable for low mechanical index (MI) imaging were also of great value and may have a further role for HCC detection. Equipment manufacturers should strive to keep improving low mechanical index modes for these agents. Promising applications for characterisation included further evaluation of lesions discovered on ultrasound and as a problem solver for CT or MR. To date no contrast agents have received approval from the FDA for radiological applications in the United States. The case for reimbursement for contrast agents was strongly supported by the panel.
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PMID:Seeking consensus: contrast ultrasound in radiology. 1186 Oct 95

The aim of this study was to determine if different types of focal hepatic lesions can be differentiated by specific quantitative and qualitative imaging characteristics pre- and post-Mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP) administration using a computerized multivariable, discriminant analysis (DA). In a multicenter trial, 151 patients with focal liver disease were studied at 1.5 and 1.0 T using gradient-recalled echo T1 and fast spin-echo T2-weighted images pre and post MnDPDP (0.005 mmol/kg b.w.) i.v. administration. Analysis could be performed in 141 of 151 of the patients. The variables used in both single variable analysis and DA included contrast-to-noise ratios pre and post MnDPDP, presence of rim enhancement, margin, and heterogeneity of a lesion pre and post MnDPDP. The classification of diagnoses using DA was compared with a standard of reference (HCC in 23%, metastases in 25%, cyst in 13%, FNH in 10%, hemangioma in 11%, and other or no lesion in 18% of the patients; histology in 49%, long-term follow-up in 51% of the cases). In the differentiation of the various hepatic lesions, CNR together with the presence of heterogeneity or rim enhancement as variables for DA gave the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy which ranged between 65 and 93, 44 and 83, and 65 and 86%, respectively. The DA models based on post-MnDPDP variables showed better classification results than the models based on pre-MnDPDP variables. An improvement of accuracy was observed when differentiating HCC from FNH lesion groups (48.9-67.4%; p < or = 0.05), and when differentiating HCC from metastasis lesion groups (68.3-84.1%; p < or = 0.01). In all regards there was no difference for T2-weighted images pre and post MnDPDP. By combining quantitative and qualitative variables, DA proved to be a useful tool in lesion discrimination. Due to considerable heterogeneity within some of the lesion type groups, the definite diagnostic impact of MnDPDP cannot be completely established yet, and further investigation is still necessary.
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PMID:MRI characteristics in focal hepatic disease before and after administration of MnDPDP: discriminant analysis as a diagnostic tool. 1186 75

Dynamic sequential computed tomography (d-CT) of the liver was performed in 69 patients with histopathologic findings of hepatoma (HCC), 62 patients with hemangioma and in 78 patients with proved 134 liver metastases. Dynamic enhancement in hepatoma, hemangioma and metastases was analysed during the nonequilibrium phase (30-150s) and delayed equilibrium phase (2,5-7 min) using the following classification of tumour: totally hyperdense, centrally hyperdense, mixed density, totally isodense and totally hypodense. In the early examination phase 14 (19%) HCC were totally hyperdense or peripherally hyperdense, and 40 (57%) HCC were totally hypodense. In the early phase 49 (79%) hemangiomas were peripherally hyperdense. In the early nonequilibrium examination phase 62% metastases were hypodense. In the delayed phase 94% HCC were totally hypodense. Hemangiomas in the delayed phase were totally hyperdense and totally isodense (17/29). In the equilibrium examination phase 97% metastases were hypodense. The contrast enhancement pattern of hepatomas, hemangiomas and metastases seen in dynamic CT scanning is useful in diagnosis of these tumours.
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PMID:Types and patterns of contrast enhancement of hepatic tumours (hepatoma, hemangioma and metastasis) with dynamic computed tomography. 1197 38

Metastasis, the spread of cancer in body, is a major cause of death. We have screened anti-metastatic activity of aqueous and dichloromethane extracts of several not previously studied Thai herbs, using an in vitro invasion test. This involves the in vitro invasion of HCC-S102, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line derived from a Thai patient, through a reconstituted-basement membrane (Matrigel). The aqueous extract of a plant (Helixanthera parasitica) revealed a significant inhibitory effect on the cancer cell invasion, and showed antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract was partially purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the highest anti-metastatic activity fraction showed 83% inhibition of invasion with low cytotoxic effect. However, anti-metastatic activity was not associated with the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract.
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PMID:Anti-metastatic effects of aqueous extract of Helixanthera parasitica. 1273 96

Background/AIMS: Recurrence due to clinically undetectable intrahepatic metastasis and portal vein invasion of HCC cells is not 'uncommon' even in small HCCs. The present study investigated the relationship between these factors and macroscopic types of HCC. METHODS: Surgically resected 209 cases of small HCC less than 3 cm in diameter were examined. Macroscopically, 209 cases were divided into 'vaguely nodular type', 'single nodular type', 'single nodular type with extranodular growth' and 'confluent multinodular type'. RESULTS: None of the vaguely nodular type had intrahepatic metastasis or portal vein invasion, and their diameter was significantly smaller than the other three types. 'Single nodular type with extranodular growth' and 'confluent multinodular type' show higher frequency of portal vein invasion and intrahepatic metastases than 'single nodular type'. Among 149 metastatic lesions, the distance was 10 mm or shorter in 118 (79.2%). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to precisely determine the gross type of small HCC by diagnostic imaging in order to predict portal vein invasion and micrometastasis. It is also important to ablate the tumor with enough surrounding tissue 1 cm in width at least to prevent the recurrence from those micrometastasis.
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PMID:Portal vein invasion and intrahepatic micrometastasis in small hepatocellular carcinoma by gross type. 1280 42

Brain metastases from hepatocarcinoma are exceptional and only a few cases have been reported in the literature, mainly from Far-Eastern countries. Clinical diagnosis in asymptomatic patients with preserved liver function is difficult and usually late. In some cases, cerebral metastasis is the initial manifestation of HCC and patients may develop intracerebral hemorrage and have a stroke-like presentation. We report on the first Italian case of cerebral metastases from multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in an asymptomatic HbsAg negative patient with unknown HCV related chronic hepatitis and no evidence of liver cirrhosis. For many years he had a mild liver enzyme elevation and the presence of multiple misinterpreted hypoechogenic hepatic lesions. The hepatic tumor spread to the lungs and the brain and the patient developed two major episodes of intracranial hemorrage. He had two nodular lesions in the brain and alpha-fetoprotein levels were more than 10,000 ng/ml. He died from neurologic causes, without major signs of liver failure.
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PMID:Intracranial hemorrage due to brain metastases in an Italian HCV patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. 1505 9

Hepatocellular carcinoma, a common malignancy globally, has been increasing in incidence in the United States, mostly due to the rising incidence of Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. The prognosis of patients with this cancer has been poor and even tumor resection has rarely been curative. However, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been associated with long-term survival benefit and cures, provided rigorous patient-selection criteria were adhered to. Liver cirrhosis is the most common precursor for HCC, and attempts have been made to prevent the progression from liver cirrhosis to HCC. Post resection adjuvant therapies have included interferon, polyprenoic acid, and adoptive immunotherapy. Finding effective systemic treatments for non-resectable HCC has been challenging and quite frustrating. The presence of liver cirrhosis and the associated volume expansion, electrolyte imbalances, decreased liver synthetic and metabolic reserve, and portal hypertension has made the design of systemic therapy for HCC a major challenge. Additionally staging of HCC using the Tumor Node Metastases (TNM) system, but ignoring the underlying liver disease made it extremely difficult to compare results of different trials. However by and large it would seem, that the more aggressive chemotherapy agents and combinations were associated with median survival times of 3-5 months. Considering the vascular nature of HCC it may be reasonable to combine tolerable chemotherapy with newly released agents with angiogenesis inhibiting properties. Thus, systemic therapy of HCC is a work in progress that calls for additional trials of tolerable newer agents and combinations.
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PMID:Novel systemic therapy options for hepatocellular carcinoma. 1513 Feb 69

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a major role in the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) during cancer invasion and metastasis, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) control MMPs, thus maintaining a balanced ECM catabolism under physiological conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the behavior of some MMPs (FASEB J., 7, 1993, 1434; Cancer Metastasis Rev., 9(4) 1990, 289) and TIMPs (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 301, 2003, 1069; FASEB J., 7, 1993, 1434; Nature, 370, 1994, 61). Competitive RT-PCR, gelatin-substrate zymography, and ELISA techniques were used for quantification. The hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA-containing hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, Hep3B, HepG2-HBV and HFF-T2 contain highly activated matrix metallproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is rarely found in normal liver cell lines such as the Chang lines. MMP-9 activities of HFH-T2, HepG2-HBV and Hep3B were significantly higher than that of non-HBV-hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep1 and HepG2 (HCC origin, HBV not detected), as assayed by gelatin zymography. Low levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 were observed in HFH-T2, HepG2-HBV and Hep3B, while the TIMP-2 level was high, as evidenced by reverse zymography. In contrast, 3 TIMP-1, -2 and -3 were largely detected in Chang, HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. To investigate the nature of the quantitative regulation of MMPs and TIMPs for these cell lines at the transcriptional levels, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out. Not only MMP-9 mRNAs of HFH-T2, HepG2-HBV and Hep3B but also MMP-9 mRNA of SK-Hep1 and HepG2 were highly expressed with no major differences among these four cell lines. However, TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 mRNAs of HFH-T2, HepG2-HBV and Hep3B were markedly reduced, while those of SK-Hep1, HepG2 and Chang cells were maintained at high levels. Finally, an invasion assay using matrigel indicated in an increase in invasiveness in HFH-T2, HepG2-HBV and Hep3B cells, but a decrease in invasiveness of Chang, HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. These results indicate that the overexpression of MMP-9 mRNAs and the suppression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 in HFH-T2, HepG2-HBV and Hep3B were the result of HBV transfection. Based on these results, it is concluded that HBV affects the malignance of hepatocellular cancer by elevating MMP-9 activity, and suppressing TIMP-1 and TIMP-3.
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PMID:Association of a high activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to low levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -3 in human hepatitis B-viral hepatoma cells. 1531 74

HCC is the most frequent primary malignancy of the liver and one of the most common cancers in the world. HCC is substantially a complication of liver cirrhosis, and because HBV and HCV are the predominant causes of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis worldwide, they have a propensity to lead to HCC. Common sites of HCC metastases include the lung, lymph nodes, and portal vein. Bony metastases are rare, and when they do occur the disease is usually far advanced and is associated with clinical manifestations of abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, hepato-splenomegaly, ascities, deranged LFTs, and elevated AFP. We report here a patient with asymptomatic advanced HCC, normal LFTs, and normal AFP values presenting with spinal cord compression.
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PMID:Asymptomatic advanced hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with spinal cord compression. 1574 89


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