Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, the immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase methods were applied to demonstrate the serum proteins in vasogenic brain edema (6). Using these techniques on paraffin embedded formalin fixed human brains with carcinoma metastases, albumin was identified specifically in the edema fluid, while human immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) were not detectable. The localisation and spreading of edema fluid clearly show the presence of the vasogenic type of brain edema under human pathological conditions. The astrocytes containing albumin confirm the conception concerning their role in the resolution of brain edema in human pathology, as well. The immunohistological techniques seem to be useful to investigate the human brain edema on necropsy material.
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PMID:Specific demonstration of albumin by immunohistological techniques in human vasogenic brain edema. 701 17

Seven cases of ovarian yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) with patterns resembling those of hepatocellular carcinoma were encountered in patients 7-43 years of age. Two of the patients had gonadal dysgenesis with a 46XY karyotype. At operation three tumors were confined to the ovary and four were associated with intra-abdominal metastases. Two of the Stage I tumors recurred within one year. The hepatoid pattern was a prominent feature of all the tumors and was exclusive in four of them. In one specimen it merged almost imperceptibly with a polyvesicular vitelline pattern. The hepatoid component of the tumors was characterized by discrete masses, nests and/or broad bands of large polyhedral cells with central nuclei and prominent nucleoli; gland-like spaces, some of which contained mucin, were occasionally evident. Each tumor contained numerous PAS-positive, diastase-resistant intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. Alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin were identified by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques in four tumors and albumin in two. Immunoperoxidase stains for chorionic gonadotropin were negative in four cases. Ultrastructural analysis of two specimens disclosed features similar to those of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatoid yolk sac tumor of the ovary (endodermal sinus tumor with hepatoid differentiation): a light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of seven cases. 713 31

Injection of a C5-derived chemotactic factor for tumor cells into the peritoneal cavities of Sprague-Dawley rats induced diffuse mesenteric metastasis following the intravenous injection of Walker carcinosarcoma cells. Intraperitoneal injections of culture medium, histamine, or of trypsin-treated albumin resulted in many fewer metastases. Intraperitoneal injections of the chemotactic factor, unlike histamine, did not alter mesenteric vasopermeability as measured by the exudation of Evans blue into the mesentery. In vitro, tumor cells responded to the chemotactic factor by demonstrating directed migration in the Boyden chamber, by volume changes, measurable in the Coulter counter, and by demonstrating an increased adherence to nylon fibers. These phenomena are similar to the behavior of neutrophils in the presence of their chemotactic factors. All the responses in vitro were markedly depressed by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose, while the cell swelling response was slightly enhanced by cytochalasin B (again similar to the responses of leukocytes). The data suggest that movement of tumor cells from the circulation may be under chemotactic influence in the manner similar to the responsiveness of neutrophils to leukotactic stimuli in vivo.
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PMID:The chemotactic response of tumor cells. A model for cancer metastasis. 725 97

Sixteen patients with metastatic disease to the liver (12 colorectal and four unknown primary tumors) were treated in a pilot study of hepatic irradiation (2500-3000 rads in 10-12 fractions) delivered concomitantly with continuous short-term intraarterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1 g/d) or FUDR (0.5 mg/kg/d) via a percutaneously placed hepatic artery catheter. Abnormal liver function tests, including SGOT, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase, decreased in all patients by day 7-10 of treatment, and other metabolic factors, including serum cholesterol, calcium, albumin, phosphorous, and uric acid, also decreased, often to subnormal levels by termination of treatment (day 15-20). These chemical alterations did not correlate with tumor response in that the identical pattern was observed in responders (ten patients) as well as nonresponders (six patients). Objective determinants of response were assessed by serial monitoring of the plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and liver scan. In 14 patients with elevated CEA levels, tumor response (nine patients), nonresponse (four patients), and relapse (five patients) was predicted and confirmed by sequential monitoring of CEA. In one patient, a paradoxical decrease in plasma CEA was associated with progressive disease. The liver scan identified all responding patients but was difficult to quantitate and was delayed for months following subjective clinical response and changes in plasma CEA levels.
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PMID:Concomitant hepatic radiation and intraarterial fluorinated pyrimidine therapy: correlation of liver scan, liver function tests, and plasma CEA with tumor response. 730 16

Serum electrolytes, creatinine, urea, protein, albumin, bilirubin and glucose were examined every 4 days until time of death in rabbits with VX-2 carcinoma implanted in one kidney. The rabbits were treated with doxorubicin, nephrectomy or combinations thereof and observed for up to 1 year. Rabbits treated with doxorubicin only showed a slight creatinine rise initially, but over time creatinine reached almost the same concentration as that in nephrectomized rabbits receiving equivalent doses of doxorubicin. Creatinine concentrations increased significantly above the normal range following nephrectomy combined with doxorubicin. Doxorubicin nephrotoxicity in rabbits occurs at lower doses than previously reported. In all rabbits the parameters except creatinine remained stable within the established normal ranges, except for the last 4 days before time of death in the animals with metastatic disease. Weight loss was the best parameter for making a prognosis for an individual rabbit, since peak weight was noted 16-20 days before death. In experimental work with VX-2 carcinoma, weight is thus the most important indicator of the time at which rabbits not responding to treatment can be put to death to avoid unnecessary suffering before the end of the experiment.
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PMID:Doxorubicin treatment of rabbit renal VX-2 carcinoma: nephrotoxicity, serum parameters and weight. 748 43

The standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be defined. The poor results from chemotherapy have favored the search for prognostic factors that help identify patients more likely to respond. Our objective was to find factors related to response, the duration of response, and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. We reviewed the clinical records of 292 patients with non-operable NSCLC, all of whom had a good performance status and had received chemotherapy. Ninety percent were male and the median age was 59 years. The therapeutic regimens included MACC (methotrexate, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and CCNU), cisplatin + vindesine or etoposide, MIP (mitomycin, ifosfamide and cisplatin) and MVP (mitomycin, vindesine and cisplatin). In the multivariate analysis, a normal albumin level and the inclusion of cisplatin were related to the achievement of a response (40% if both favorable factors were present). No factors appeared related to the duration of response. The following factors were predictive for survival: weight loss, performance status, lymphocyte count, albumin level, number of metastases and the presence of bone metastases. We conclude that the albumin level identifies a group of patients with advanced NSCLC who are more likely to respond to cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.
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PMID:Serum albumin and other prognostic factors related to response and survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 760 32

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) mediates regression of metastatic cancer, but its therapeutic efficacy has been limited by toxicities which occur secondarily to IL-2 induced macromolecular leakage from microvessels. Previous studies have indicated that pericytes function in an endothelial cell junction-dependent manner in lung capillaries and cremaster muscle venules, possibly to limit cellular and macromolecular leakage. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if pericyte positioning on skeletal muscle capillaries was junction-related, and if it was altered by IL-2. Anesthetized rats received intravenous injections of fluoroscein isothiocyanate conjugated to albumin. The cremaster muscle model of microcirculation was used in conjunction with intravital fluorescence microscopy to monitor changes in interstitial fluorescence which was used as an index of macromolecular leakage. IL-2 induced a progressive increase in interstitial albumin which started within 30 min of application and continued to increase until the end of the experiment at two hours. Cremaster muscle tissue was fixed and prepared for examination by transmission electron microscopy. A digitizing platter and morphometric software were used to quantify pericytes near vs away from endothelial cell junctions of capillaries and venules. In microvessels from animals in the control group, pericytes were randomly positioned on capillaries, and concentrated at endothelial cell junctions of venules. After treatment with IL-2, capillary pericytes were concentrated at junctions. Venular pericyte density also increased in endothelial junctional regions. IL-2 appears to alter the distribution of pericytes in the microcirculation, perhaps by induction of contraction.
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PMID:Interleukin-2 alters the positions of capillary and venule pericytes in rat cremaster muscle. 782 Aug 13

A pilot study was conducted in patients who had advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma, and who were refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy, to determine the feasibility and clinical effects of a schedule of intraperitoneal (IP) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and low-dose rIL-2 IP. TIL were expanded from solid metastases or malignant effusions in serum-free AIM V medium supplemented with low concentrations (600 IU/ml) or rIL-2 using a four-step method of expansion that included a hollow fiber bioreactor (artificial capillary culture system). Patients received IP TIL suspended in dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.2% containing 0.1% human albumin and 6 x 10(5) IU rIL-2 on day 1, followed by 6 x 10(5) IU rIL-2/m2 body surface area, administered daily by bolus IP injection, on days 2-4, 8-11, and 15-18. In the absence of disease progression, two additional 4-day cycles of IP rIL-2 were administered. Patients (n = 3) whose TIL failed to grow in vitro received IP IL-2 alone. Eight patients received rIL-2 expanded TIL (10(10)-10(11) range) plus rIL-2 followed by several cycles of rIL-2 alone. One of these patients was treated twice with TIL plus rIL-2. Expanded TIL were primarily CD3+CD4+TCR alpha beta+ (eight TIL-derived T-cell lines). One TIL-derived T-cell line was comprised mostly of CD3+CD8+TCR alpha beta+ cells. Eleven patients (eight treated with TIL plus rIL-2 and three patients treated with rIL-2 alone) received a total of 38 cycles of rIL-2 without TIL. Grade 3 clinical toxicity (peritonitis) occurred in 1 of 9 cycles of TIL plus rIL-2 and 1 of 38 cycles of rIL-2 alone. Each cycle was 4 days long. Grade 3 anemia occurred in 1 of 9 TIL plus rIL-2 cycles and 3 of 38 cycles of rIL-2 alone. There were no measurable responses; however, four of eight patients treated with IP TIL plus rIL-2 had some indication of clinical activity: ascites regression (two patients), tumor and CA-125 reduction (one patient), and surgically confirmed stable tumor and CA-125 values (one patient). The schedule of IP TIL plus low-dose rIL-2 shows manageable toxicity and is worthy of further evaluation in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who have less tumor burden.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal adoptive immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and low-dose recombinant interleukin-2: a pilot trial. 783 19

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based therapy induces a vascular leak syndrome (VLS), manifested by hypotension, tachycardia, and oliguria, as is also seen with septic shock. The optimal method for treating such VLS is not known. A prospective randomized trial was undertaken to compare crystalloid and colloid fluid resuscitation for patients receiving bolus IL-2-based therapy for metastatic cancer. All patients received maintenance crystalloid fluid administration and were randomized to receive crystalloid (0.9% normal saline) or colloid (5% human serum albumin) fluid boluses to maintain acceptable vital signs and urine output. Patients refractory to fluid boluses were given dopamine for oliguria and/or phenylephrine for hypotension. Of 107 patients who completed one cycle of therapy on study, 76 completed a full treatment course (two cycles) on study. The total number of saline and albumin fluid boluses given were 9.5 +/- 0.9 versus 7.7 +/- 0.7 (p = 0.36, n = 107) for the first cycle and 19.2 +/- 1.8 versus 16.1 +/- 1.6 (p = 0.33, n = 76) for a complete course, respectively. Although patients receiving saline boluses had significantly more oliguria during a course of therapy, weight gain, number of IL-2 doses, tachycardia, hypotension, vasopressor use, hospital stay, and clinical response rates did not significantly differ between arms. Changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were analyzed, and patients receiving crystalloid showed greater decreases in albumin (p < 0.0001) and total protein (p < 0.05) as expected. A 40-fold greater cost associated with albumin suggested that crystalloid resuscitation be used to treat the VLS associated with IL-2 therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A prospective randomized trial evaluating colloid versus crystalloid resuscitation in the treatment of the vascular leak syndrome associated with interleukin-2 therapy. 811 Jul 27

Tumor invasion-inhibiting factor 2 (IIF-2) is a polypeptide of 21 amino acids which binds to the surface of tumor cells and inhibits experimental invasion in vitro. An albumin conjugate of IIF-2 was used to examine its potential as an antimetastatic compound. The conjugate inhibits in vivo lung metastasis of various highly metastatic tumor cells, including murine melanoma, colon adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, forestomach carcinoma, and human fibrosarcoma. In addition to the anti-lung metastasis activity of this compound, it also showed the inhibitory effects on liver and spleen metastasis of murine T-lymphoma cells. A single administration of the conjugate with melanoma cells resulted in prolonged survival times, and their lung colonization was also inhibited when the conjugate was administrated i.v. at times ranging from 6 h before to 1 h after tumor cell inoculation. Similarly, i.p. administration 1 h prior to melanoma cell injection suppressed lung colonization. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the conjugate was more stable than IIF-2 peptide alone. Approximately 10% of the conjugate remained circulating 2 h postinjection and persisted 20 h without degradation, compared with rapid clearing of the unconjugated IIF-2 peptide within 5 min. Furthermore, spontaneous lung metastasis of murine melanoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell was inhibited by successive i.p. administration of the conjugate before the removal of the primary site, with no effect on primary tumor growth. The conjugate significantly reduced tumor cell arrest in the lung and both the IIF-2 peptide and its conjugate demonstrated potent inhibition of basal as well as cytokine-induced-stimulated tumor cell motility. These results suggest that one mode of IIF-2 action may be inhibition of the extravasation of metastasizing cells which have arrested in a target organ, and that the IIF-2-albumin conjugate may be a potent antimetastatic substance with utility in the prevention of artificial seeding of tumor cells during surgical removal of the primary lesions as well as inhibiting metastasis from established metastases.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of tumor invasion-inhibiting factor 2 and its conjugate on disseminating tumor cells. 811 15


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