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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies were performed on seven children with neuroblastoma, including one patient with a congenital neuroblastoma and another with a peripheral neuroblastoma of the thoracopulmonary region. FNA cytology made the primary diagnosis of neuroblastoma in four of the seven cases. The other biopsies documented local recurrences and metastases to liver, lymph nodes, orbit and breast. The cytologic features included varying numbers of small primitive cells with scanty cytoplasm, poorly to well-formed pseudorosettes, cell processes, a fibrillary matrix and multinucleated ganglion cells. Five of the seven patients had electron microscopic (EM) examination of the FNA specimen, which in all cases confirmed the diagnosis. Batteries of immunoperoxidase stains were performed on all 11 aspirates with variable results. Staining for neuron-specific enolase was positive in four of the five neoplasms tested, although strongly positive in only three of the cases. Staining for neurofilament markers was positive in only two of five tumors. Studies for cytokeratin markers (AE1/3), low-molecular-weight cytokeratin (35BH11), hematopoietic markers (T29/33), immunoglobulin light chains and myoglobin were negative. One case was positive for vimentin. This study attests to the value of FNA cytology in suggesting a correct diagnosis of either primary, recurrent or metastatic neuroblastoma in children. Selective use of immunoperoxidase stains and EM on the aspirates may be of value.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology of neuroblastoma, including peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, with immunocytochemical and ultrastructural confirmation. 328 19

Microcystic adenomas are rare tumors, which have only recently been distinguished from other cystic pancreatic lesions. This study details eight cases diagnosed at the Cleveland Clinic. Seven occurred in females. The mean age at diagnosis was 66 years. Abdominal or epigastric pain was the most common symptom. A history of extrapancreatic tumors was frequent, and one patient had a concomitant renal carcinoma with adrenal and renal cysts. The adenomas were multicystic, ranging in size from 2 to 14 cm. Cuboidal epithelial cells with vacuolated or clear cytoplasm containing abundant glycogen lined the cysts. The intervening stromal septa were collagenous and hypocellular. The epithelial cells exhibited strongly positive immunostaining for cytokeratins AE1 and AE3, but did not stain with CEA and Uro-2,3, and 4. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial cells rested on well-formed basal lamina and a delicate subepithelial capillary network. They had blunted apical microvilli and contained glycogen, few lipid droplets, and occasional apical secretory granules. Five adenomas were resected, and three had only a diagnostic biopsy. There were no metastases, but one patient died of postoperative complications following local excision. Elderly or high-risk patients may benefit more from biopsy alone than from attempts at total surgical resection of these benign tumors.
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PMID:Microcystic adenomas (serous cystadenomas) of pancreas. A clinicopathologic investigation of eight cases with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. 371 93

A case characterized by a rare synchronous occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the same kidney is presented. A retrospective analysis of 23 similar cases reported in the English literature over the last 71 years demonstrated a male-to-female ratio of 2:1, an average age of 64.5 years, and a left-to-right-side ratio of 3.2:1. The three most common findings at initial examination were hematuria (90%), flank pain (19%), and flank mass (14%). Moreover, 24% of patients had tumor metastases even at initial examination. Thirty-four percent of patients had bladder neoplasms, and 24% of them had a history of cigarette smoking. There is no tendency toward higher grade of malignancy or specific histologic pattern for TCC and RCC when they occur together in the same kidney. Immunohistochemical studies were used to examine TCC and RCC, with special attention paid to the site of their collision, which displayed multifocal lymphatic permeation. Both TCC and RCC were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratins identified by monoclonal antibodies CAM-5.2, AE1/AE3, and MAK-6. TCC was focally positive for keratin, detectable by antibody 34 beta E12, but RCC was not. The tumor tissue infiltrating the lymphatics, which seemed to be RCC, demonstrated positive staining for EMA and keratins CAM-5.2, AE1/AE3, and MAK-6 and negative staining for keratin 34 beta E12. Interestingly, the tumor in lymphatics displayed strong staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) but both TCC and RCC in the vicinity were negative. These findings suggest that keratin 34 beta E12 may play a role in the differential diagnosis between TCC and RCC and that tumor-invading lymphatics may change phenotype, including the neoexpression of CEA.
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PMID:Collision of transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. 750 17

Tissue specimens from 150 patients with localised prostatic carcinomas and 116 patients with prostatic carcinomas with distant metastases were analysed for histological grade (WHO and Gleason) and immunoreactivity for prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), neurone-specific enolase (NSE), p53 protein, c-erbB-2 protein, cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) and vimentin. After stratification for the presence or absence of distant metastases, multivariate regression analysis revealed that WHO grading was the most powerful independent prognosticator, followed by age and prostate acid phosphatase expression. There was a trend towards reduced survival with decreasing prostate-specific antigen reactivity. The Gleason system showed poor prognostic ability. The analysis predicted reduced survival in the presence of extensive neurone-specific enolase reactivity, mostly because of one case of small-cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. 751 29

Hepatoblastoma, although rare, is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver in children. In this paper we describe a case of hepatoblastoma with unusual cytologic features and present the histologic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of this neoplasm. A 7-month-old girl presented with a large hepatic mass and metastatic nodules in both lungs. Intraoperative biopsy revealed a hepatoblastoma. Aspiration biopsy yielded a highly cellular aspirate with cords of pleomorphic cells embedded in a mucoid matrix. Histologic sections showed a diffusely infiltrative neoplasm composed of sheets and cords of highly pleomorphic cells. The neoplastic cells stained strongly positive for cytokeratin CAM 5.2 and AE1 and focally positive for alpha-fetoprotein, ferritin, carcinoembryonic antigen and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had abundant intercellular junctions and intracytoplasmic aggregates of intermediate filaments. A mucoid matrix, to our knowledge, has not been reported as a finding on aspiration biopsy. This patient presented with pulmonary metastases, and thus we think the mucoid matrix may be a marker of a more aggressive variant of hepatoblastoma. This case illustrates additional cytologic features of hepatoblastoma and the usefulness of aspiration biopsy in the rapid diagnosis of this rare tumor.
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PMID:Hepatoblastoma. Report of a case with cytologic, histologic and ultrastructural findings. 751 34

77 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded mammary carcinomas and the regional lymph nodes of bitches were examined by immunocytochemical technique, all of them free of metastases in routine HE-staining. To compare the two methods, two serial sections were cut of three parts of the lymph nodes. One was used for incubation with the antibody AE1, which reacts with cytokeratin subtype I/A, the other for staining with HE. From 60 of the 77 bitches we received information about the operation and the follow up study period (surgical method, new tumours, survival rate and causes of death). These data were compared with the immunocytochemical results of the lymph nodes. In 84.4% of all 77 lymph nodes tumour cell embolism and/or micrometastases were detected. Comparing the two methods, we found that with HE-staining it was only possible to detect two thirds of all micrometastases containing more than 50 tumor cells. Smaller micrometastases were suspicious in a few cases, the majority could not be detected at all. In the follow up study there was evidence of a better prognosis for bitches with tumours detected in an early stage of growth and treated with radical mastectomy. This was independent of a positive or negative result of tumour cells in lymph nodes. The presence of cancer cells in lymph nodes was only important, if either the tumour was treated in an advanced stage or only single complexes or tumour nodes were extirpated. These dogs often showed metastases in the lung.
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PMID:[Mammary carcinoma of the female dog: clinical relevance of the immunohistochemical demonstration of micrometastases in the regional lymph nodes]. 754 33

We report 25 cases of a peculiar sclerosing epithelioid variant of fibrosarcoma (SEF) simulating an infiltrating carcinoma. The tumors occurred primarily in the deep musculature and were frequently associated with the adjacent fascia or periosteum. The patients' ages were 14 to 87 years (median, 45). Fourteen were male and 11 female. The tumors were located in the lower extremities and limb girdles (12 cases), trunk (9), upper limb girdles (2), and neck (2). They measured 2 to 14.5 cm in greatest dimension (median size, 7 cm) and were gray to white and firm. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by a proliferation of rather uniform, small, slightly angulated, round to ovoid epithelioid cells with sparse, often clear cytoplasm arranged in distinct nests and cords. In all cases there was prominent hyaline sclerosis, sometimes reminiscent of osteoid or cartilage and foci of conventional fibrosarcoma. Occasional myxoid zones with cyst formation and foci of hyaline cartilage, calcification, and metaplastic bone were also seen. Mitotic figures were generally scarce. Vimentin was detected in 13 of 14 cases, epithelial membrane antigen in seven, S100 protein in four, and neuron-specific enolase in two. Cytokeratins were detected with AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2 in two cases. Leukocyte common antigen, CD68 antigen, HMB45, desmin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were negative in all cases. In 13 of 14 cases, 75% or more of the cells stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Ki67 immunostaining with MIB 1 showed low proliferative activity in all cases, averaging 5% of tumor cells or less. In all cases, p53 was detected by immunohistochemical methods; bcl-2, an antiapoptosis marker, was detected in more than 90% of the cells in 11 of 12 cases. Ultrastructurally, both the epithelioid and spindled tumor cells had features of fibroblasts. Follow-up in 16 cases ranging from 13 months to 17 years 3 months (median, 11 years 4 months) revealed persistent disease or local recurrences in 53% of patients and metastases in 43%. The metastases were to the lungs (4 cases), skeleton (3), chest wall/pleura (3), pericardium (1), and brain (1). Four patients died of disease, four were alive with disease, two were known to be alive but disease status unknown, and six had no evidence of further disease at last follow-up. The data suggest that SEF is a relatively low-grade fibrosarcoma; yet it is fully malignant despite the presence of histologically benign-appearing foci. The proliferation markers PCNA and Ki67 did not correlate with prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. A variant of fibrosarcoma simulating carcinoma. 766 Dec 86

We evaluated three cases of pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumors that were retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. Clinical follow-up showed no indication of tumor recurrence or metastases, nor was there evidence of malignant melanoma. All three cases exhibited histologic features of typical carcinoid tumor; there were focal oncocytic changes in two cases. Finely dispersed, brown pigment, believed to be melanin, was distributed in two different patterns: in sustentacular cells (case 1) or within the tumor cells (cases 2 and 3). Fontana-Masson stain was positive in areas of this pigment in all cases. The tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for chromogranin, synaptophysin, keratin (AE1/AE3 and CAM-5.2), and S100 protein in all cases. Focal staining for vimentin and corticotropin was seen within neoplastic cells in two cases. The pigmented sustentacular cells in case 1 showed focal immunoreactivity for S100 protein and HMB-45. Ultrastructural studies of paraffin-embedded tissues were performed in two cases. They showed well-developed melanosomes in the pigmented sustentacular cells in case 1. In both cases, cytoplasmic neurosecretory-type granules were identified in neoplastic cells. These findings demonstrate that pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumor has an immunohistochemical profile similar to that of typical pulmonary carcinoid tumor. In some instances, pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumors may show ultrastructural evidence of melanocytic and neuroendocrine differentiation. These immunohistologic and ultrastructural findings distinguish pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumor from malignant melanoma and support the concept of "multidirectional cellular differentiation."
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PMID:Pigmented pulmonary carcinoid tumor. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 768 14

It was here to find an antibody staining either the epithelial tissues of the canine mammary or the tumor cell embolisms and metastases in their regional lymph nodes. 77 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded mammary carcinomas and their regional lymph nodes were examined by immunocytochemical technique, all of them free of metastases in routine haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. To compare the two methods two serial sections were cut of three parts of the lymph nodes. One was stained with the antibody AE1, which reacts with cytokeratin subtype I/A, in the SEQUENZA by APAAP-method, the other with HE. In 84.4% of all 77 lymph nodes tumour cell embolism and/or micrometastases were detected. Comparing the two methods we found that in HE-staining it was only possible to detect two thirds of all micrometastases containing more than 50 tumor cells. Smaller micrometastases were suspicious in a few cases, the majority could not be detected at all.
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PMID:[Mammary carcinoma in female dogs: a new routine diagnosis by the detection of occult micrometastases in the regional lymph nodes]. 778 75

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a protein growth factor whose pleiotropic effects on epithelial cells include the stimulation of motility, mitosis and tubulogenesis. These responses are mediated by the cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor c-met. Because both the cytokine and receptor are found in the gastrointestinal tract, we have studied the effects of HGF/SF on transformed gut epithelial cells which express c-met. Here we describe the response of a new transformed human jejunal epithelioid cell line (HIE-7) to HGF/SF. Morphologically HIE-7 cells are immature. Their epithelial lineage was confirmed by reactivity with the epithelial specific antibodies AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2, Ber-EP4 and anti-EMA and is consistent with their expression of c-met mRNA and protein. In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed the presence of primitive junctions and rudimentary microvilli, but features of polarization were absent. When grown on reconstituted basement membranes, HIE-7 cells formed closely associated multicellular cord-like structures adjacent to acellular spaces. However, the cells did not mature structurally, form lumen-like structures or express disaccharidase mRNA, even in the presence of recombinant HGF (rHGF). On the other hand, rHGF induced HIE-7 cells to scatter and stimulated their rapid migration in a modified wound assay. To determine whether the mitogenic effect caused by rHGF is associated with HIE-7 cell invasiveness across reconstituted basement membranes, a Boyden chamber chemoinvasion assay was performed. rHGF stimulated a 10-fold increase in the number of HIE-7 cells that crossed the basement membrane barrier, while only stimulating a small increase in chemotaxis across a collagen IV matrix, suggesting that the cytokine activates matrix penetration by these cells. rHGF also stimulated the invasion of basement membranes by an undifferentiated rat intestinal cell line (IEC-6) and by two human colon cancer cell lines which are poorly differentiated (DLD-1 and SW 948). In contrast, two moderately well differentiated colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29) did not manifest an invasive response when exposed to rHGF. These results suggest that HGF/SF may play a significant role in the invasive behavior of anaplastic and poorly differentiated gut epithelial tumors.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1994 Mar
PMID:Hepatocyte growth factor stimulates invasion across reconstituted basement membranes by a new human small intestinal cell line. 830 28


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