Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital complaining of right scrotal mass. Serum tumor markers, HCG, beta-HCG and AFP, were all elevated. After right high inguinal orchiectomy, a pathological report revealed a mixed-type germ cell tumor, which was composed of choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma and seminoma. Because of persistent elevation of these tumor markers, RPLND was performed. There were viable tumor cells in the dissected lymph node specimens. As pulmonary metastases developed after RPLND, the patient was treated with 3 courses of VAB-6 combination chemotherapy (vinblastine, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin and cis-platinum). Pulmonary metastases disappeared and tumor markers returned to normal range except for moderate elevation of serum HCG. Two months later, pulmonary metastases developed again with re-elevation of tumor markers. Four courses of EP salvage chemotherapy (etoposide and cisplatinum) were given. After EP chemotherapy, the patient was given etoposide orally for about 7 months. During this period, no abnormality was found except for slight elevation of serum HCG. Five months after discontinuing chemotherapy, serum HCG returned to normal and complete remission was obtained.
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PMID:[A case of complete remission obtained with etoposide cis-platinum combination chemotherapy in advanced testicular cancer]. 168 34

155 patients with metastatic non-seminomatous testicular cancer were treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy which in most cases was combined with surgery. The 5 year crude survival was 90% for all patients (98 patients with small volume disease: 97%; 32 patients with large volume disease: 91%; 25 patients with very large volume disease: 64%). High pre-chemotherapy serum tumour marker levels (AFP greater than 500 micrograms/l; and/or HCG greater than 1000 U/l) decreased the survival rates in all groups. Only 4 of 17 relapsing patients were rendered tumour-free by salvage chemotherapy. In a multivariate analysis, a pre-chemotherapy alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) level greater than 500 micrograms/l was associated with poor survival as was the presence of a retroperitoneal tumour greater than 10 cm, lung metastases greater than 3 cm and/or extrapulmonary hematogenous metastases. It is concluded that easily assessable clinical pre-treatment variables can be used to define high risk or low risk patients with metastatic testicular cancer. Treatment intensity should be adjusted in accordance to such prognostic factors.
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PMID:Prognosis in patients with metastatic non-seminomatous testicular cancer. 169 3

Changes in serum tumour marker levels in non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumours (NSGCTT) are used to monitor tumour growth and response to treatment. A novel method of calculating the actual tumour marker production (TMP) per day is reported; estimation of the rate of change of TMP is a measure of the tumour growth or regression rate. TMP is calculated mathematically from the rate of increase in serum marker level and its natural half life. TMP is assumed to be proportional to the number of marker producing cells in the tumour. TMP was calculated over the time between orchidectomy and the start of chemotherapy. The rate of increase in TMP with time is expressed as the marker production doubling time (MPDT) and is a measure of the growth rate. In a group of 51 patients with metastatic NSGCTT, TMP varied from 0.012 to 5985 iu/l/day (AFP) and 0.08-5404 iu/l/day (HCG). MPDT varied from 0.5 to greater than 80 days (45 cases) for AFP + ve patients and from 1.8 to greater than 80 days (34 cases) for HCG + ve patients; greater than 80% of cases had a MPDT less than or equal to 32 days. In 45/51 (88%) patients, there was no discrepancy in MPDT between markers. The use of changes in serum marker level to follow tumour progression and regression is simple, but the calculation of actual TMP provides clearer information about the change in number of marker producing cells and can be used as non-invasive method for measuring the tumour growth rate of metastatic disease and response to treatment.
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PMID:The growth rate of metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumours measured by marker production doubling time--I. Theoretical basis and practical application. 183 1

Between February 1986 and July 1988 a total of 21 children aged 1 to 16 years with malignant germ cell tumours (MGCT), 18 with either metastatic disease or unresectable primary tumour, received the JEB regimen - carboplatin dosage calculated from the EDTA glomerular filtration rate (approximately 600 mg m-2), etoposide 120 mg m-2 daily x 3, and bleomycin 15 mg m-2 weekly. Primary sites were: testis (6), ovary (8), sacrococcyx (4), pineal gland (2) and vagina (1). AFP levels were elevated in 19, beta-HCG in 8. Complete marker response was achieved in 19 out of 19 evaluable patients and complete remission of measurable tumour in 16 out of 19, 12 with chemotherapy alone and 4 with the addition of surgery. A reduction in glomerular filtration rate greater than 10% occurred in 3 of 12 evaluable patients; in none greater than 20%. Sequential audiography was normal in 11 out of 12 evaluated. The regimen was myelosuppressive with WHO grade III or IV myelosuppression occurring in 12 patients. Three patients have relapsed; one with a pineal germinoma who relapsed in the abdomen six months after diagnosis, and two with sacrococcygeal teratomas and lung metastases. Two of these remain in second complete remission after further treatment. There was one death from probable bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. We conclude that this regimen is simple to administer and, apart from myelosuppression, it is well tolerated. It appears to have comparable efficacy to cisplatin-based regimens but with much less nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity and avoids the use of alkylating agents and anthracyclines.
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PMID:'JEB'--a carboplatin based regimen for malignant germ cell tumours in children. 169 31

During a 5-year period (1981-86) 588 consecutive patients with nonseminatous germ cell tumors of the testis were included into a prospective Swedish-Norwegian multicenter study (SWENOTECA) and clinically staged according to the Royal Marsden system. A total of 370 patients (63%) had early clinical stages (CS) of disease; 295 (50%) had CS1, 32 (5%) had CS1Mk+ (CS1 with pathological serum tumor marker patterns after orchiectomy) and 43 (7%) had CS2A disease. Pathological staging with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) of the retroperitoneum was performed in 345 (93%) of the early CS patients and 128 (37%) had pathological stage 2 (PS2) disease; 27% of the CS1, 100% of the CS1Mk+ and 66% of the CS2A patients. The overall clinical staging accuracy was 75%. All the 40 patients with pathological serum AFP and/or HCG patterns before RPLND had PS2 disease, compared to 81/282 (29%) of patients with normal marker patterns. The PS2 patients with pathological marker patterns had significantly more and larger retroperitoneal metastases than those with normal AFP and HCG values. Elevated pre-orchiectomy AFP level indicated significantly reduced risk of PS2 disease in CS1 patients, but this effect became non-significant if the CS1Mk+ and CS2A cases were included into univariate or multivariate analyses. We suggest that the 'good risk' effect of pre-orchiectomy AFP elevation for CS1 cases may be caused by a selection mechanism during the clinical staging process.
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PMID:Early clinical stages (CS1, CS1Mk+ and CS2A) of non-seminomatous testis cancer. Value of pre- and post-orchiectomy serum tumor marker information in prediction of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Project (SWENOTECA). 170 12

Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignancy in Scandinavia. We present a case of a young primigravida who experienced an uneventful pregnancy and gave birth to a healthy baby. Six days after delivery she underwent neurosurgery for intracranial hemorrhage. Pathological examination of the evacuated hematoma revealed metastatic choriocarcinoma. Further work-up exposed additional metastases in the lungs and liver. The initial serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) was 350,000 IU/I. Chemotherapy was given both intravenously and intrathecally. At 10 weeks, beta-HCG had returned to normal. Treatment was continued for another 10 weeks. Two years after cessation of therapy the patient is still in complete remission. In the discussion we review a scoring system to be used in selecting the mode of treatment, and briefly mention diagnosis and prognosis.
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PMID:Choriocarcinoma presenting with cerebral metastases after full-term pregnancy. 170 21

Ninety-one patients with poor prognosis non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT) were treated with an initial intensive chemotherapy schedule. Suitable patients fulfilled one or more of the following criteria: lymph node metastases greater than 10 cm diameter; liver, brain or bone metastases; serum HCG level greater than 50,000 IU/L; and extragonadal primary tumours. Treatment consisted of 3 cycles of bleomycin, vincristine and cisplatin (BOP) administered at 10 day intervals, followed by 3 cycles of etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin (VIP) at 21 day intervals. A total of 64 patients (70%) achieved a complete remission. This comprised 46 patients who received BOP/VIP only, and 18 patients who received additional chemotherapy after BOP/VIP. Of these 64 patients, 51 underwent complete surgical resection of residual masses, including 11 in whom there was evidence of teratoma with cellular atypia or non-germ cell cancer in the resected tissue. A further 9 patients had persisting unresected radiological masses in the presence of marker complete remission. The overall response rate was 80%. Currently 57 patients (63%) remain alive and free from disease progression. The median follow-up period is 90 weeks (range 24-206 weeks), with a 2 yr actuarial progression-free survival of 66% (95% c.i. 55-77%). Major toxicity was myelosuppression, occurring during the VIP arm of therapy, with a median nadir WBC of 1.1 x 10(9)/L and median platelet count of 51 x 10(9)/L. Other toxicity included peripheral neuropathy (WHO Grade 2 and 3 in 22%). We conclude that treatment results with the BOP/VIP schedule in this poor prognosis patient group are at least comparable with other schedules, and toxicity is manageable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:BOP/VIP--a new platinum-intensive chemotherapy regimen for poor prognosis germ cell tumours. 171 Apr 82

Lately the role of radiotherapy in stage I seminoma of the testis has been questioned by some authors who reported on a "surveillance" strategy for these patients. Since 1980, 124 patients with seminoma of the testis have been referred to this institution; 97 of 116 patients analysed presented with stage I disease and 10 of these had elevated levels of beta HCG. A total of 64 patients were given radiotherapy after orchiectomy and 33 entered a surveillance protocol. After a median follow-up of 48 months, 3 patients in the surveillance group relapsed after 5, 13 and 49 months and 2 of the irradiated patients did so after 25 and 33 months. Elevation of beta HCG was not significant because none of these patients showed progression. A low rate of progression and excellent survival are associated with standard treatment (orchiectomy and radiotherapy) and good results have been achieved with chemotherapy in cases of relapse. A surveillance policy is not recommended in stage I seminoma because of its slower growth compared with non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT), the absence of a specific tumour marker, the 10% risk of occult metastases and the 3-fold higher progression rate compared with irradiated patients. We suggest the use of a reduced dosage and radiation field.
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PMID:Stage I seminoma of the testis. Adjuvant radiotherapy or surveillance? 171 98

We have examined immunohistochemically the presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in 29 esophageal carcinomas: 24 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 adenocarcinomas, 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma. In hCG-positive tumors, the presence of human placental lactogen (hPL) and pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein (SP-1) was also assessed. HCG immunoreactive cells were found in 5 squamous cell carcinomas (21%) and in none of 5 non-squamous cell tumors. The hCG positive cells were found in the most infiltrating areas of the tumors where poorly differentiated and pleomorphic cells predominated. The positive tumors were 4 poorly differentiated (31%) and one moderately differentiated carcinoma (12%). Four out of 10 cases (40%) with lymph node metastases had hCG in the primary tumor, whereas only one out of 11 cases (9%) without metastases was hCG positive. HPL and SP-1 were found in two cases. These placental proteins were detected in similar areas than hCG but the number of hPL and SP-1 immunoreactive cells was lower than hCG positive cells. SP-1 was also seen in areas of squamous cell differentiation negative for hCG. None of these two cases showed trophoblastic differentiation.
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PMID:Human chorionic gonadotropin in esophageal carcinomas. An immunohistochemical study. 185 Dec 97

1. Survival of skin allografts in mice is increased in proportion to the duration of anaesthesia to a degree that is equivalent to that achievable with a major immunosuppressive agent such as azothiaprine or antilymphocyte serum. 2. Immune cytochemical studies have demonstrated that bladder tumors which metastases express beta HCG and show variable degrees of loss of HLA class I antigens--features which mimic the behaviour of human trophoblast in protecting the foetus from maternal rejection. It is concluded that there may be a case for using such prognostic factors to define a sub group of patients in whom reconstruction of the bladder following cystectomy should be deferred until the patient has survived without metastases for a prolonged period.
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PMID:Operative factors & tumor membrane antigen changes in escape from immune surveillance of bladder cancer. 192 47


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