Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hormone-dependent (HD) mammary tumors can be induced in mice and rats either by endocrine manipulations or by treatment with carcinogens. The tumors metastasize at a low frequency which may be due to immunogenic properties and does not exclude that the tumors are malignant. Hormone deprival may lead to tumor regression. However, regrowth of hormone-independent (HI) tumor cells probably always occur. Estrogens, progesterone, and prolactin are the most important hormones involved in mammary tumor growth, but androgen- and insulin-dependent mammary tumors have also been described. The most important biochemical difference between HD and HI mammary tumors is perhaps the higher hormone receptor content in HD tumors, but high iodide uptake may prove to be the most specific biochemical characteristic of HD tumors. The relevance of rodent mammary tumor models to human breast cancer is discussed.
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PMID:Hormone-dependent mammary tumors in mice and rats as a model for human breast cancer (review). 630 70

Serum levels of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin were evaluated with the radioimmunoassay in 59 patients with lung cancer, 10 patients with benign lung disease, and 37 normal controls. HCG was present in 6.8% of the lung cancer patients but in none of the subjects of the other two groups. Prolactin and LH levels were significantly higher than normal in lung cancer patients (respectively p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01) as well as in patients with benign lung disease (p less than 0.01 for both the hormones). Testosterone levels were significantly lower than normal in patients with lung cancer (p less than 0.05) but not in those with benign lung disease. When the patients were analyzed according to histologic type and clinical stage of disease, significantly lower than normal values of testosterone were found in patients with small cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. In the squamous cell carcinoma group, the patients with lymph node metastases had significantly lower testosterone levels than those without lymph node metastases. From these results, we may hypothesize that the raised levels of prolactin and LH are related to a pulmonary pathology, not necessarily neoplastic, whereas the low levels of testosterone are related to the presence of the tumor.
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PMID:Abnormal serum hormone levels in lung cancer. 631 49

Decapeptide ceruletide (CRL), chemically related to cholecystokinin and gastrin, proved to have remarkable analgesic properties when administered to a group of 22 burned patients, 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction, and 8 patients suffering from pain caused by malignant tumours with metastases. Its effect was such, that many of the patients required no other analgesics (opiates) even after a prolonged administration (up to 10 days) of CRL. In some of the patients a marked euphoria developed. There were no substantial changes in EEG records during CRL administration in 15 controls, among them 4 epileptics. It is probable that CRL helps to activate the internal analgesic system. In the burned patients cortisol, testosterone, renin, prolactin and tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels in serum (plasma) were measured (radio-immunoassays). CRL did not block the stress response (no drop of increased cortisol levels, no increase in low T3 levels), but it modified (influenced) it (drop of the high renin levels, and a tendency to increase the very low testosterone levels). CRL appears to act as an endorphin releaser, as evidenced by the plasma levels of beta-endorphins (quotations). CRL and similar drugs may represent a new, more physiological and probably safer approach to the management of pain.
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PMID:Endorphin releasers: a new possible approach to the treatment of pain after burns--a preliminary report. 631 91

We have demonstrated recently that the local metastatic growth of Morris hepatoma 44 is thyroid dependent ( Mishkin , S., Morris, H. P., Yalovsky , M., and Murthy , P. V. N. Gastroenterology, 77; 547-555, 1979; Mishkin , S. Y., Pollack , R., Morris, H. P., Yalovsky , M., and Mishkin , S. Cancer Res., 41: 3040-3045, 1981) and that exogenous thyroxine (8 micrograms/kg/day) and prolactin (100 micrograms/day) significantly stimulated tumor growth, while growth hormone (100 micrograms/day) failed to do so ( Pollack , R., Mishkin , S. Y., Morris, H. P., and Mishkin , S. Hepatology, 2: 836-842, 1982). In the present study, thyroid ablation (hypothyroidism) and hypophysectomy inhibited tumor growth significantly. These effects were almost totally reversed by administration of exogenous thyroxine to hypothyroid rats. While prolactin or growth hormone or thyroxine alone failed to restore tumor growth in hypophysectomized animals, administration of all three hormones partially but significantly reversed the inhibition of tumor growth. The number and size of pulmonary metastases paralleled local growth in all the above-mentioned conditions. Plasma membrane lactogenic receptors, measured using human growth hormone, were decreased in hypothyroidism and hypophysectomy groups. Binding levels were restored in those groups in which tumor growth was stimulated. In summary, the local and metastatic growth of Morris hepatoma 44 is affected by anterior pituitary hormones. Plasma membrane lactogenic receptors may mediate these effects.
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PMID:Effects of hypophysectomy and hormone replacement on the local and metastatic growth of Morris hepatoma 44. 632 29

The aim of this study was to estimate the relations between oestrogen, progesterone, prolactin (PRL) and gonadotrophin levels and the degree of advancement as well as that of malignancy of carcinoma of the prostate. Serum LH and FSH levels were determined under baseline conditions and after stimulation with LH-RH. In patients with metastases and in less differentiated forms of carcinoma the level of oestradiol (E2) was significantly higher. The testosterone/oestradiol ratio was notably lower in patients without metastases and in more differentiated forms. Serum progesterone was significantly higher in less differentiated forms of carcinoma. The concentration of LH in response to the administration of LH-RH was significantly higher in patients with metastases. Measurement of hormone levels at certain stages in the course of carcinoma of the prostate may be of practical value in the choice of appropriate hormone treatment.
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PMID:[Interdependence between hormonal disorders, staging and degree of malignancy of prostatic gland cancer. 2]. 642 18

Pretreatment hormone levels were determined in 222 patients with prostatic cancer and their prognostic value assessed. The patients were grouped into yearly survival categories and only those whose cause of death was due to the disease were included in the study. Low concentrations of testosterone in plasma at the time of diagnosis related to a poor prognosis. Patients who died within 1 yr of diagnosis had the lowest mean plasma levels of this steroid. The pretreatment mean plasma testosterone concentrations were found to be higher as the survival period of the various groups lengthened. This relationship was observed both when the total data were analysed and also when the patients were subgrouped depending on clinical evidence of spread of the tumour beyond the prostatic capsule (T3) or on the presence of metastases (M1). High pretreatment plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone were also associated with poor survival. Follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin and growth hormone concentrations did not correlate with survival time. The indications from this study are that poor testicular function is associated with early death from prostatic carcinoma and that the measurement of blood levels of testosterone at diagnosis could provide a prognosis of subsequent life-span.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate: relationship of pretreatment hormone levels to survival. 642 67

In a long-term follow-up study, prolactin levels were measured in 149 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Control groups included 221 patients with primary operable breast cancer and 150 women with benign breast disease. Hyperprolactinemia (greater than 1,000 mIU/I; HYPRL) occurs in 44% of patients with metastatic breast cancer in the course of the disease (p less than 0.001 compared to patients with non-metastatic disease). HYPRL is associated with progressive breast cancer in 88% of cases. In patients experiencing several episodes of disease remission and relapse, incidence of HYPRL increases with each relapse. Prolactin blood levels return to normal if hyperprolactinemic patients experience remission after chemotherapy. Patients expressing HYPRL have a shorter survival time after mastectomy when compared to patients who never developed HYPRL (154/89 months, p = 0.01). It is concluded that HYPRL is of prognostic significance and a reliable indicator of progressive disease in advanced metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Hyperprolactinemia is an indicator of progressive disease and poor prognosis in advanced breast cancer. 648 Jan 53

The authors report the case of a 28 year old patient with a prolactin and somatotropin secreting pituitary adenoma who presented several months later with lobular carcinoma of the breast with lymph node metastases. This case raises the question of the role of prolactin and growth hormone in the pathogenesis and growth of breast cancer. It is noteworthy, in particular, because of the exceptional clinical manifestations.
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PMID:[Association of lobular epithelioma and hypophyseal adenoma in a young woman. A case report]. 653 47

The authors study the correlation existing between prolactin and E-17-beta in breast cancer. In both premenopausal and post-menopausal patients prolactin may be useful as an evolutive marker. Prolactin increases particularly as a consequence of the metastatic growth. E-17-beta shows no variation when studied during the luteal phase, diminishes after the extirpation of the primitive tumor, and augments again with metastases development. After chemotherapy the amount of E-17-beta becomes almost undetectable. No correlation was found between prolactin and E-17-beta; apparently, the prolactin increase does not depend directly from the amount of circulating estradiol, but relies on the activity of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal system. With regard to E-17-beta, this product also augments after ovariectomy, suggesting an ectopic production starting on adrenal gland precursors, perhaps modulated by prolactin.
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PMID:[Correlations between PRL and 17-beta-E in human breast cancer]. 654 90

One hundred seven women 18-65 years old were studied who were referred for suspected central nervous system disease not related to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. High-resolution, direct, coronal, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was used to examine the size, shape, and density of the normal pituitary gland. There were three major conclusions: (1) the height of the normal gland can be as much as 9 mm; (2) the superior margin of the gland may bulge in normal patients; and (3) both large size and convex contour appear to be associated with younger age. It was also found that serum prolactin levels do not appear to correlate with the CT appearances. Both low- and high-density areas were seen within the gland, and may be due to either tumors, cysts, infarcts, or metastases. Noise artifacts inherent in high-detail, thin-section, soft-tissue scanning may be a limiting factor in defining reproducible patterns in different parts of the normal pituitary gland.
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PMID:Size, shape, and appearance of the normal female pituitary gland. 661 Oct 72


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