Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A computerized, retrospective analysis of clinical and pharmacokinetic data relative to 380 cancer patients under medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy has been carried out. A bioavailability:objective- response correlation was found only for mammary cancer patients with visceral metastases and a pain-control effect was observed in advanced cancer patients when MPA plasma levels were higher than 150-200 ng/ml. Discriminant analysis of the known prognostic factors for breast cancer indicates that receptorial status, site of predominant metastases, basal alkaline phosphatase and free interval are good predictors for possible clinical response, while the behavior of prolactin and previous treatments are predictors for non-response. There is no improvement in the efficacy of prediction in combining more than one prognostic factor.
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PMID:MPA at high doses in advanced breast cancer: a statistical evaluation. 294 Nov 72

This prospective trial was designed to help in selecting therapy for patients with elevated and normal plasma prolactin. Ninety-two patients entered this trial, of whom 86 were evaluable for final analysis. Hyperprolactinemic patients (n = 31) were randomized to receive VAC/FMC chemotherapy with or without bromoergocryptine. Normoprolactinemic patients with 'low risk' metastatic disease (disease-free interval greater than 30 months, ER/PR positive or unknown) were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate or VAC/FMC chemotherapy. Normoprolactinemic 'high risk' patients (n = 42) (disease-free interval less than 30 months, EP/PR negative) received VAC/FMC chemotherapy with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP). The results show that bromoergocryptine does not improve response rate, duration of response and survival. Median survival of patients with elevated basal plasma prolactin (greater than 15 ng/ml) is reduced to 9 months compared to patients with normal basal plasma prolactin (17 months, log-rank p = 0.005). Unexpectedly, TRH stimulation proved inappropriate to separate normo- and hyperprolactinemic patients in terms of survival. Normoprolactinemic 'low risks' (tamoxifen failures) were observed to qualify for further hormone therapy (median survival 21+ months). Normoprolactinemic 'high risks' showed median survival of about 12 months with no apparent benefit for those receiving MAP, additionally. The results suggest that basal hyperprolactinemia, disease free interval, ER/PR receptor status, and liver metastasis are important prognostic variables. Endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherapy should be selected according to these risk factors.
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PMID:Prospective randomized trial concerning hyper- and normoprolactinemia and the use of bromoergocryptine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. 295 Mar 59

Recent studies showed that both the pineal gland and the endogenous opioid system are involved in the modulation of the immune system and in the regulation of tumor growth. Moreover, a relationship between pineal and opioid system has been demonstrated. In order get an overall view of the psychoneuroendocrine interactions in cancer patients, the levels of melatonin, the most important pineal hormone, and of beta-endorphin have been measured on blood samples collected during the morning. The study was carried out on 54 patients, 42 healthy subjects, and in 34 patients having illnesses other than cancer. Breast cancer, lung carcinoma, and colorectum cancer were the three neoplasms detected in the patients investigated. Growth hormone (GH), somatomedin-C and prolactin (PRL) levels were also determined. beta-endorphin levels were found to be substantially within the normal range in patients with cancer, whereas those of melatonin were raised in several cases. The beta-endorphin/melatonin ratio was higher than 2 in normal subjects, in non-neoplastic patients and in most cancer patients without metastases, whereas this ratio was lower than 2 in almost all patients in a metastatic stage of the disease. Neither melatonin levels nor those of beta-endorphin appeared to be significantly correlated with GH, somatomedin-C, and PRL concentrations. The low beta-endorphin/melatonin ratio observed in metastatic patients suggests the presence of an unbalanced relation between the pineal and the opioid system in those subjects. Therefore, an anomalous relationship between pineal function and opioid activity might play a role in the clinical course of neoplastic disease.
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PMID:A study on the relationship between the pineal gland and the opioid system in patients with cancer. Preliminary considerations. 296 35

In thirty-one premenopausal patients with carcinoma of the breast the plasma prolactin was measured after mastectomy. A highly significant correlation between tumour size and plasma prolactin levels (p less than 0.002) was observed after adjustment for age at diagnosis and parity. At the time of the prolactin determination no clinical signs of metastatic disease were evident, suggesting that the prolactin levels were unrelated to the tumour burden.
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PMID:Relation between tumour size and plasma prolactin levels in premenopausal patients with breast carcinoma. A preliminary report. 298 3

The treatment of a slowly growing invasive prolactinoma with bromocriptine for 8 months resulted in a substantial decrease in plasma prolactin levels despite rapid suprasellar tumor expansion. On exploration, this uncommon observation could be attributed to hematogenous metastasis from an occult gastric adenocarcinoma to the pituitary tumor. Apart from infiltration of neighboring parts of the hypothalamus, autopsy revealed no other hematogenous metastases. This extraordinary type of neoplasm-to-neoplasm metastasis was not shown by computed tomography. This possibility should be considered whenever progressive growth of a pituitary mass is accompanied by a decrease in hormonal overproduction.
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PMID:Metastasis of an occult gastric carcinoma suggesting growth of a prolactinoma during bromocriptine therapy: a case report with a review of the literature. 298 26

The hormone-responsive mammary tumor 13762NF of the F344 rat was cultured in a collagen gel matrix with the use of a serum-free medium supplemented with hormones and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Hydrocortisone (F) had the greatest effect on cell growth. EGF had no growth-promoting activity when used alone, but it had a significant effect when used with F. There was also a population of cells responsive to progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL). P synergized with EGF as well as with PRL to promote growth. 17 beta-Estradiol alone or in combination with other hormones had no growth-promoting activity. Receptor levels in the tumor were high for glucocorticoids, intermediate for P and EGF, and low for estrogens. Metastasis in the lung and lymph node showed the same basic hormonal responses as the parent tumor. Cultured cells produced tumors with the same histopathology as the parent tumor when transplanted back into female rats; they had the same receptor levels and when placed back in culture showed a growth response to the same set of hormones. The tumor cells formed colonies that were spherical, which was different from the branching structures formed by normal mammary cells in collagen gel.
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PMID:Effect of hormones and epidermal growth factor on the growth of the hormone-responsive 13762NF rat mammary tumor in collagen gel culture. 300 45

To characterize the prolactin secretion in human breast cancer, plasma prolactin levels were measured in 514 patients with breast cancer in long term follow-up studies. In hyperprolactinemic patients suppression and stimulation tests were performed and the 24-h secretion profile was recorded. Tissue extracts and sera of hyperprolactinemic breast cancer patients were incubated with cultured pituitary cells in vitro to detect a prolactin releasing activity in these specimens. 44% of breast cancer patients developed hyperprolactinemia in the course of the disease. In 35% of measurements hyperprolactinemia was induced by non tumor related causes, e.g. prolactin-stimulating drugs, surgery, uremia, prolactinoma. Excluding such influences on the prolactin level, hyperprolactinemia over 1,000 mU/l was almost only found in patients with progressive metastatic disease. In these patients hyperprolactinemia was associated with tumor load, but not correlated to BSR, CEA or prognostic factors. Hyperprolactinemia in breast cancer was not of paraneoplastic origin. No prolactin-releasing activity was detected in tumor tissue and sera of hyperprolactinemic breast cancer patients.
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PMID:[Pathophysiology of hyperprolactinemia in breast cancer]. 304 29

An immunoperoxidase technique has been utilised for the demonstration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) binding sites in normal human ovaries and in a wide range of benign and malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary. The incidence of FSH, LH and PRL binding was, respectively, 32%, 41% and 39% in normal ovaries, 30%, 18.5% and 22.5% in benign epithelial tumours and 51%, 32% and 43% in malignant epithelial neoplasms. The incidence of FSH binding was significantly higher in malignant epithelial neoplasms than in either normal ovaries or benign epithelial tumours but otherwise no correlation was found between hormone binding capacity and the degree of malignancy of epithelial ovarian tumours, the histological type of the tumour, the degree of differentiation of the malignant epithelial tumours or the presence or absence of metastatic disease. Well differentiated malignant tumours did, however, tend to stain more strongly than did poorly differentiated neoplasms, thus suggesting that the number of binding sites per cell tends to decrease with decreasing degrees of differentiation.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of the incidence and significance of human gonadotrophin and prolactin binding sites in normal and neoplastic human ovarian tissue. 308 57

While prolactin (PRL) has been shown to stimulate the development of mammary carcinoma in several animal species, its role in human breast cancer remains to be established. To further investigate PRL secretion in human breast cancer, its basal levels and response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were evaluated in 16 patients (6 with no metastases and 10 with metastatic locations). The control group consisted of 19 healthy women. High PRL basal concentrations were seen in 2 patients only; no significant differences were found between the other patients and the normal subjects. The PRL increase induced by TRH administration was significantly higher in patients than in controls. Finally a change in the hormonal secretion was found after chemotherapy in 3 of the 5 patients in whom PRL response to TRH was evaluated either before or 10-12 days after a cycle of intravenous CMF adjuvant chemotherapy. These results demonstrate the existence of an exaggerated response of PRL to TRH in patients with breast cancer, even in the presence of normal basal levels. Moreover, they would seem to suggest a possible influence of CMF on PRL response to TRH stimulation.
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PMID:Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in early and advanced human breast cancer. 309 15

Pretreatment plasma concentrations of total testosterone, prolactin, and total estradiol-17 beta (E2) were measured in 123 prostatic cancer patients who were categorized into groups according to the UICC classification. Patients with intracapsular tumour without metastases had significantly higher (p less than 0.05) pretreatment total estradiol levels than those with more advanced disease. The patients were treated either by orchiectomy or estrogens. The mean follow-up time was 48 months. Higher pretreatment estradiol and testosterone levels were associated with better survival. Prolactin assays seemed to be of no value in this respect.
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PMID:Pretreatment hormone levels in prostatic cancer. 318 1


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