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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Orthotopic implantation of human colon carcinoma cells is useful for studying the behavior of metastatic subpopulations. We observed that the parental line and variants of human colon carcinoma KM12 cells were all tumorigenic following implantation into the subcutis or cecal wall of BALB/c nude mice. Their ability to metastasize to distant organ sites varied, however, with the site of growth. Subcutaneous (SC) tumors did not produce visceral metastases, whereas cecal tumors metastasized to the regional mesenteric lymph nodes and to the liver. To examine the influence of organ environment on the extracellular matrix-degrading activity of the tumors, we inoculated human colon carcinoma cells into the subcutis or cecal wall and after 7 weeks isolated and cultured the tumors in serum-free medium. The conditioned media of SC tumors contained very low levels of type IV collagenase (gelatinase) and heparanase (heparan sulfate-specific endo-beta-D-glucuronidase), whereas the media of the cecal wall tumors contained high levels of both. Zymograms of the media revealed that the intracecal human colon carcinomas secreted more than three times the amount of latent and active forms of 92-kd type IV collagenase than did the SC tumors. Moreover, only the conditioned media of intracecal tumors contained latent and active forms of 64-kd type IV collagenase. Histochemical analysis using rabbit antiserum raised against the synthetic peptides of 72-kd procollagenase type IV showed type IV collagenase in the intracecal tumors; human colon carcinoma growing SC, however, were not stained significantly. These results suggest that factors in the organ environment may affect production and secretion of tumor extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, and these factors may modify the metastatic behavior of human colon carcinoma cells in nude mice.
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PMID:Influence of organ environment on extracellular matrix degradative activity and metastasis of human colon carcinoma cells. 225 Mar 3

During the course of colon-rectum tumours a number of clinical events may occur in which conventional cytopathology can provide only a partial contribution to the definition of a differential diagnosis, i.e. effusions, distant recurrences and second neoplasias. In the present study we have evaluated whether monoclonal antibody (MoAb) D612, recognising a colon-rectum associated antigen, can be used in this context. To this end, MoAb D612 was employed in combination with a panel of MoAb of well defined tumour specificity in immunocytochemical tests. The immunocytochemical findings obtained were compared with the histological and clinical diagnosis. Of 62 effusions and 40 fine needle aspirates studied, MoAb D612 reactivity correlated with the correct diagnosis in 92.8% of the instances. These results indicate that this reagent may help to improve the current cytopathological diagnosis of colon-rectum tumours by identifying the colonic origin of metastases in patients with unknown primary tumour, differentiating ovarian carcinoma from colon metastases to the ovaries and establishing the presence of a second neoplasia in patients with a previous history other than colon carcinoma.
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PMID:Use of MoAb D612 in combination with a panel of MoAb for the immunocytochemical identification of metastases from colon-rectum carcinoma. 218 79

Lung metastases from colon adenocarcinoma are often difficult to differentiate from primary lung adenocarcinoma. We studied the diagnostic value of a polyclonal anti-CEA antiserum and two monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies (B18, D14) which define antigens overexpressed in colon carcinoma. Autopsy material from 20 patients with colon carcinoma and lung metastases and 20 specimens from patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma were retrieved, stained, and interpreted without knowledge of the origin of the lung tumor. Colon carcinomas, lung metastases and lung primaries stained positively with polyclonal anti-CEA in 90-100% of cases. D14 stained 75% of colonic metastases and 70% of primary lung adenocarcinomas, whereas 95% of colon primaries were positive. Sixty-five percent of colon primaries and 50% of their metastases were positive with B18, whereas 45% of lung primaries were positive. The frequency of B18 positivity was significantly greater in those colon primaries that were surgically derived (7/9, 78%) compared with their autopsy-derived lung metastases (2/9, 22%) (P less than 0.05). Similarly, D14 staining in surgically derived colon primaries (9/9, 100%) was significantly greater than their autopsy-derived lung metastases (5/9, 56%) (P less than 0.05). In surgical/biopsy-derived tissues 9/9 colonic primaries were D14-positive, whereas only 1 of 6 lung primaries was positive (P = 0.002). We conclude that D14 and polyclonal anti-CEA both stain the majority of colon adenocarcinomas and that changes associated with prolonged fixation may reduce the positivity rate with both B18 and D14 monoclonal antibodies. All three antibodies stain autopsy-derived tissue from primary lung cancer to a significant degree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies in the discrimination between primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and colon carcinoma metastatic to the lung. 223 87

Twenty-eight patients with colon carcinoma (excluding the recto-sigmoid region) underwent preoperative staging with computed tomography (CT). The CT had a sensitivity and a specificity of 60 and 67% for detection of extramural invasion, 75% sensitivity and specificity for lymph node metastases and a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 95% for liver metastases. Compared with the modified Dukes classification, CT correctly staged 50% of the patients with Dukes A lesions; 40% with Dukes B; 75% with Dukes C and 85% with Dukes D lesions. The data presented in this study showed that CT has limitations in the sensitivity and accuracy of staging local colonic carcinoma. However, we recommend its use for patients who are clinically suspected of having extensive disease.
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PMID:Preoperative CT staging of colon carcinoma (excluding the recto-sigmoid region). 225 38

Radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS), the intraoperative use of a hand-held gamma detecting probe (GDP) to identify tissue containing radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (MAb), was performed upon 30 patients with primary colon carcinoma. Each patient received an intravenous injection of MAb B72.3 (1.0 to 0.25 mg) radiolabeled with 125I (5.0 to 1.0 mCi) 8 to 34 days before exploration. The GDP was used to measure radioactivity in colon tissue, tumor bed, nodal drainage areas, and areas of suspected metastases. Antibody localized to histologically documented tumor in 23 of 30 patients (77%). Tumor margins were more clearly defined in 20 of 30 patients (67%). GDP counts led to major alterations in surgical resection in five patients (17%) and changes in adjuvant therapy in four (14%). GDP counts identified occult liver metastases in two patients (7%) and correctly indicated the benign nature of liver masses in three (10%). In four patients (13%), occult nodal metastases were identified. RIGS can precisely delineate tumor margins, define the extent of nodal involvement, and localize occult tumor, providing a method of immediate intraoperative staging that may lessen recurrences and produce higher survival rates.
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PMID:Radioimmunoguided surgery in primary colon cancer. 225 64

Total, free, and acetylated polyamine concentrations were measured simultaneously in colon tissue, serum, and urine of 50 patients with histologically proven colorectal cancer, 40 patients with nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases, and 30 healthy volunteers. Compared with histologically unaffected colon tissue, concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher for putrescine, elevated for cadaverine, and nearly identical for spermidine and spermine in colon carcinoma, whereas N1-acetylated and N8-acetylated spermidine were detectable in cancer tissue only. Serum and urine concentrations of all polyamines except total cadaverine and spermine in serum and free spermine in urine were significantly elevated compared with healthy controls and highest sensitivity for colon cancer was found for total spermidine (89.15%) in serum and acetylputrescine (84.5%), total putrescine (84.0%), N1-acetylspermidine (79.3%), and total spermidine (92.1%) in urine. However, nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases partly showed similar elevations which resulted in a low specificity for polyamines in colorectal cancer. Therefore, polyamines are of little value only as diagnostic markers in colorectal carcinoma. Since polyamine concentrations in serum and urine normalized in patients after curative operation while they were further elevated in patients with proven tumor relapse or metastases, these substances might play a clinical role in predicting therapeutic success or indicating relapse of the tumor. Although a significant dependency of polyamine concentrations in serum or urine to Dukes' classification, tumor localization, CEA, CA 19-9, or CA 125 did not exist, a significant linear correlation was found for tumor size.
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PMID:Polyamines in colorectal cancer. Evaluation of polyamine concentrations in the colon tissue, serum, and urine of 50 patients with colorectal cancer. 229 64

Intrasplenic injection of the HT-29 LMM metastatic human colon cancer line reproducibly results in hepatic metastasis formation in congenitally athymic mice. HT-29-15, a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) of the IgG1 class reactive with the HT-29 LMM line, and BL-3, an isotype-matched control antibody, were labeled with 125I. Labeled mAbs were injected i.v. in mice with hepatic metastases, and animals were sacrificed on days 3, 5, and 7. Specific mAb uptake by tumor was significantly greater than nonspecific mAb uptake, as evidenced by specific/nonspecific tumor/blood ratios (radiolocalization indices) of 3.47/1-25.6/1. Relative mAb uptake was greater by the hepatic tumors than by the splenic tumors from day 3 to day 7, although this was significant (P less than 0.05) only on day 7 (5.12 +/- 2.97 versus 1.79 +/- 0.71). Tumor/uninvolved tissue ratios were also significantly greater (P less than 0.05) for the hepatic metastases than for the splenic tumors on day 7 (12.23 +/- 3.85 versus 6.63 +/- 2.63). This murine hepatic metastasis model appears useful for evaluation of localization of mAbs to hepatic metastases from human colon carcinoma.
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PMID:Radiolocalization of monoclonal antibodies in hepatic metastases from human colon cancer in congenitally athymic mice. 229 35

A method is described for quantitative measurements of homotypic aggregation by sequential passaging of cells through several gauze nets with different mesh width. This method allows rapid and simple determination of the size distribution of the formed aggregates with little cost. Time course and the effects of divalent cations, sugars and of enzyme treatment on homotypic aggregation were examined in detail for the human colon carcinoma line HT29, but also aggregation of human neuroblastoma, leukemic promyelocytes HL60, and of murine lymphoma cells was studied. Crude membrane fractions prepared from several colon carcinoma cells and from dissociated human colon tumour tissue showed strong aggregation-promoting effects when incubated with HT29 cells. Determination of lectin-induced agglutination of HT29 cells by means of the proposed method demonstrated that HT29 carries high numbers of binding sites for Ricinus communis agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, Ulex europeus agglutinin and Griffonia simplicifolia I isolectin A4. These results were supported by direct microanalytical determination of membrane-bound sialic acid and total fucose.
Invasion Metastasis 1990
PMID:A new test to measure homotypic aggregation of human tumour cells. 230 63

A 71-year-old man developed metastatic cutaneous nodules of colon carcinoma on the scalp and chest wall. Histopathological findings revealed aggressive invasion of the tumor cells into the overlying epidermis (epidermotropic carcinoma); they occasionally adhered to the epidermal cells. These morphological features have not been described in cutaneous metastases from internal carcinomas.
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PMID:A peculiar form of epidermotropism in cutaneous metastatic carcinoma. 232 18

The ability of the host-immune defense mechanism of nude mice and their immunocompetent littermates to prevent liver metastases from the murine colon carcinoma, colon-26, was assessed. Give thousand tumor cells suspended in 0.05 ml of Hank's balanced salt solution were inoculated into the spleens of BALB/c nu/+ and BALB/c nu/nu mice. On the 21st day after inoculation, all the mice were sacrificed, and the liver metastases counted and the livers weighed. All the BALB/c nu/+ mice were found to have developed hepatic metastases with a mean of 10 nodules, whereas no hepatic metastases were observed in any of the 10 BALB/c nude mice. On the other hand, 4 of 6 nude mice developed hepatic metastases after treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody. These results indicate that the BALB/c nude mouse has an excellent host-immune defense mechanism for preventing liver metastasis, with NK cells in the liver and/or blood circulation perhaps playing an important role.
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PMID:Nude mouse resists hepatic metastasis of the allogeneic tumor, colon-26. 238 47


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