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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A short description of a project of cytometry in histological sections of colon carcinoma is given with emphasis on the methodical aspects. Possible strategies of cytometric measurement and problems related to it (focus, overlap, segmentation of objects) are described. The main effort concerns interactive selection of tumor cells and the segmentation in cases of densely distributed and overlapping nuclei. All other succeeding processing steps are performed fully automatically. The resulting quantitative features are stored together with the original images on an optical disk for further examinations and reexaminations, allowing the direct relation of feature values to visual image content. The evaluation of the features as well as their interpretation is only at the beginning. Especially the problem of relating section information with true 3-dimensional information is not described here and necessitates further research. In a first investigation only a few tumors without and with metastases were analyzed. The preliminary results correspond with findings of Kunze et al.
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PMID:Cytometry in histological sections of colon carcinoma. 140 88

This study clarified whether and when the blood-brain barrier in experimental brain metastases is impaired by using hydrosoluble sodium fluorescein (MW 376) as a blood-brain barrier function indicator. Cells from eight human tumor lines (four melanomas, two breast carcinomas, one colon carcinoma, and one renal carcinoma) were inoculated into the internal carotid artery of nude mice. Brain metastases at different stages of development were sampled and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier around the metastases determined. Histologic examination showed two patterns of tumor growth. In the first, tumor cells formed isolated, well-defined nodules in the parenchyma of the brain. In lesions smaller than 0.2 mm2, the blood-brain barrier was intact. In the second, small diffuse nests of tumor cells were distributed throughout the brain parenchyma. The blood-brain barrier was intact until the small tumor cell colonies coalesced to form large tumor masses. These results suggest that the permeability of the blood-brain barrier varies among different experimental brain metastases and that its function is related to the growth pattern and size of the lesions.
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PMID:Differential permeability of the blood-brain barrier in experimental brain metastases produced by human neoplasms implanted into nude mice. 144 46

An active vaccination protocol was performed on one patient with colon carcinoma as a pilot to a prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial with the vaccine SDZ SCV 106. This vaccine is an anti-idiotype goat antibody to the monoclonal antibody 17-1A, which is directed against the tumor antigen 17-1A. To study the effect of the therapy on the immune reactivity, several tests were performed to detect anti-tumor antibodies in the serum as well as in eluates of metastatic tissue. Furthermore metastases removed from the lung were examined by immunohistochemistry. The results suggest that the humoral and cellular immune reactivity against the tumor are enhanced.
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PMID:Immune response to tumor antigens in a patient with colorectal cancer after immunization with anti-idiotype antibody. 145 29

B cells derived from peripheral-blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from a patient with a high serum antibody titer to autologous melanoma were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and evaluated for reactivity against autologous tumor. B cells producing antibody reactive with autologous tumor and unreactive with normal fibroblasts were detected both in TIL and in PBL. One cell line derived from PBL and another derived from TIL sustained production of tumor-reactive antibody for 10 weeks and over 15 months respectively. The cell line derived from PBL, 2D11, produced an antibody reactive with a trypsin-resistant antigen expressed on the cell membrane of autologous and allogeneic melanoma cell lines. The cell line derived from TIL, 1F6, produced an antibody reactive with a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed by 5 autologous melanoma cell lines derived from 5 different metastases and 16/19 allogeneic melanoma cell lines. 1F6 also showed reactivity with cell lines derived from a blue nevus, a congenital nevus, an astrocytoma, and 1/4 renal-cell carcinomas; but it was not reactive with 5 foreskin melanocyte cell lines, 2 normal fibroblast lines, 5 leukemia/lymphoma lines, 8 lung-cancer lines, 8 glioblastoma lines, or lines derived from 1 ovarian carcinoma, 1 colon carcinoma, 1 vulvar carcinoma, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 murine melanoma, or 4 murine leukemia/lymphomas. We describe here an antibody that detects a new melanoma specificity obtained by EBV transformation of tumor-infiltrating B cells.
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PMID:Analysis of two human monoclonal antibodies against melanoma. 145 38

Multivisceral resection in combination with extended lymph node dissection is used in the surgical treatment of locally advanced colon carcinoma without distant metastases. This also applies to tumours with marked peritumorous inflammation in contact with neighbouring organs where an intraoperative diagnostic attempt could result in tumour seeding. The low mortality and complication rate following multivisceral resection justifies this concept. The 5-year survival rate following multivisceral resection in advanced colon carcinoma is over 80%.
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PMID:[Abdominal multivisceral resection of colonic cancer]. 149 28

We determined the effects of organ environment on the response of murine CT-26 colon carcinoma cells to 2 structurally and pharmacologically distinct chemotherapeutic agents. CT-26 cells were injected i.v. (to produce lung lesions), s.c., into the cecal wall, and into the spleen (to produce spleen and liver lesions). Doxorubicin (DXR) at 10 mg/kg, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at 20 mg/kg, or saline (control) was injected intravenously on different schedules after tumor-cell implantation. The in vivo responses of the tumors growing in the cecum, spleen, liver, lung and subcutis were compared. Colon carcinomas growing in the subcutis were most sensitive to DXR. Tumors growing in the spleen and cecum were most sensitive to 5-FU and less so to DXR. Tumors in the liver were highly resistant to both drugs, whereas experimental lung metastases were sensitive to 5-FU but resistant to DXR. The differential responses of the tumors to the drugs were not due to drug distribution. The level of protein-kinase-C activity was elevated in the spleen, liver and cecum tumors as compared with s.c. tumors and correlated with the in vivo DXR resistance of the tumor cells. This correlation suggested that organ environment may modulate the chemosensitivity of tumor cells, at least in part, by perturbing signal transduction pathways. Collectively, the data indicate that the organ environment has profound effects on the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy. A molecular understanding of this phenomenon should facilitate the design of more effective systemic chemotherapy for cancer metastases.
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PMID:Orthotopic and ectopic organ environments differentially influence the sensitivity of murine colon carcinoma cells to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. 150 Feb 31

A clone of NIH3T3 transformant (H-3), obtained by transfecting genomic DNA of a human colon carcinoma cell line, contains human K-ras oncogene and yields metastatic pulmonary nodules after intravenous injection of the cells into nude mice. This metastatic ability was enhanced remarkably after in vivo tumor growth (subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice) accompanied by increased mRNA expression and gene amplification of the human-derived K-ras oncogene, while it declined gradually as the passage number increased in vitro, with corresponding decreases of gene amplification and mRNA expression. Six subclones were randomly selected from H-3 cells which had been subcultured to passage 22. All of the clones in culture showed almost the same low level of metastatic ability and exhibited little K-ras oncogene amplification with correspondingly low mRNA expression. However, after they formed tumors in nude mice, every clone acquired high metastatic ability and the gene amplification increased, with elevated mRNA expression. These experimental facts indicated that acquisition of metastatic ability coupled with the function of K-ras oncogene was conditional in nature, being strongly affected by in vivo tumor circumstances. The low metastatic and G-418-resistant H-3 cells were co-cultured with BALB/c3T3 fibroblasts for 2-4 weeks. After removal of fibroblasts by exposure to G-418, the tumor cells exhibited increased metastatic ability and human K-ras oncogene mRNA, suggesting an intimate interaction between H-3 cells and fibroblasts influencing the function of transfected human K-ras oncogene. Fibroblasts of the host animal may thus have an important role in generating enhanced metastatic activity of H-3 cells.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1992 Sep
PMID:NIH3T3 transfectant containing human K-ras oncogene shows enhanced metastatic activity after in vivo tumor growth or co-culture with fibroblasts. 150 25

We investigated the responses of experimentally produced hepatic metastases of colon carcinoma 26 tumor and subcutaneously (SC) implanted colon carcinoma 26 tumor in mice to 17 clinically-used and one under-development antitumor agents using same dose regimen. In intravenous administrations on days 7 and 14, there were no significant differences in their responses to most of the tested agents. However, there were big differences in the responses to some of the agents. Nimustine more effectively prolonged the lifespan of SC implanted tumor-bearing mice than of mice bearing hepatic metastases. Mitomycin C was, however, considerably more effective on hepatic metastases than on SC implanted tumor. ME2303, a new fluorinated anthracycline derivative, showed a similar effect to doxorubicin on both tumors. However, administrations of ME2303 on days 7, 11 and 15 showed more marked antitumor effect only on hepatic metastases than administrations on days 7 and 14. Doxorubicin was less active against both tumors for administrations on days 7, 11 and 15 than for those on days 7 and 14. These results suggest the importance of the site of tumor growth for the action of some drugs. ME2303 may be active against hepatic metastases if it is administered by multiple injections.
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PMID:Effects of antitumor agents on subcutaneous implants and hepatic metastases of colon carcinoma 26 in mice. 150 74

The biodistribution and imaging characteristics of the 111In-labeled anti CEA monoclonal antibody ZCE-025 were studied in five patients with suspicion of colorectal carcinoma. Evaluation included antibody pharmacokinetics and assessment of antibody distribution in surgical specimen, making a comparison with whole-body imaging with a gamma camera. ZCE-025 localization in tumors was demonstrated by gamma-camera imaging in 4 of the 5 patients, corresponding to surgical findings. Persistent accumulation of 111In in the lymph nodes was observed in one patient, whereas surgical exploration of these lymph nodes showed no gross or microscopic evidence of metastases of colon carcinoma. Analysis of individual plasma by size exclusion HPLC showed two radioactivity peaks, labeled antibody and free DTPA. No transchelation of 111In to circulating transferrin was observed. The blood clearance was fitted to a two-compartment equation and its half-lives were found to be 10.8 +/- 8.7 h and 69.5 +/- 21.8 h for t1/2 alpha and t1/2 beta, respectively. Total urinary excretion averaged 0.3% of the injected dose/h with a small patient to patient variation. At 24 hrs postadministration the predominant radiolabeled species in urine was free DTPA. Thereafter, radioactivity in urine was partly present as a low molecular weight catabolic product. No apparent correlation between CEA content and uptake of 111In-ZCE-025 in tumors resected by surgery could be found. How 111In-labeled antibody is accumulated into tumors as well as into some nontumor tissues needs further study.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic analysis of antibody localization in human colon cancer: comparison with immunoscintigraphy. 152 May 70

The hallmark of malignant neoplasms is their ability to spread beyond the site of origin and produce metastases in distant organs. This nonrandom process depends on the interaction of specific tumor cells with a compatible milieu provided by a particular organ microenvironment; the molecular basis of which is under intense investigation. Recent analysis of human colon carcinoma (HCC) cells obtained from surgical specimens and implanted into athymic nude mice suggested that whereas nonmetastatic and highly metastatic cells can grow at local sites, growth per se in the secondary organ-specific site was associated only with high-metastatic HCC cells. These cells also respond in a specific manner to physiological mitogenic signals produced by damaged normal tissues. This article addresses the biological and molecular evidence supporting the hypothesis that organ-derived, perhaps, organ-specific, paracrine growth factors stimulate the growth of receptive malignant cells that possess the appropriate receptors.
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PMID:Regulation of tumor cell growth at organ-specific metastases. 152 Aug 35


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