Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glomeruloid bodies (GBs), tumor-associated vascular structures with a superficial resemblance to renal glomeruli, are important histopathological features of glioblastoma multiforme, but have also been described in other types of tumors and in cerebral metastases. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of these lesions in an appropriate murine model of experimental brain metastases. To do so, we injected cells from 5 different tumor lines into the internal carotid artery of mice and investigated the development, composition, and fate of GBs growing within tumor nodules. Immunohistochemical analyses and 3-dimensional reconstruction of the cerebral vasculature showed clearly that the proliferating and migrating tumor cells pull the capillaries (and the adjacent capillary branching points) into the tumor cell nest. Initially, this process lead to the appearance of simple coiled vascular structures, which later developed into chaotic and tortuous vascular aggregates with multiple narrowed afferent and efferent microvessels. Despite the absence of sprouting angiogenesis, the very low level of endothelial cell proliferation index and the ruptures of the stretched and narrowed capillary segments observed frequently between the metastatic tumor nodules, necrosis was scarce in these lesions, implying that the blood supply from the multiple afferent microvessels and from the preexistent vascular bed sufficed to provide the tumor cells with oxygen and nutrients.
 ...
PMID:A novel concept of glomeruloid body formation in experimental cerebral metastases. 1283 10

Motexafin gadolinium [gadolinium (III) texaphyrin, gadolinium texaphyrin, Gd-Tex, GdT2B2, PCI 0120] is a radiosensitising agent developed for use in cancer therapy. It is cytotoxic in haematological malignancies by selectively localising in cancer cells that have high rates of metabolism. Motexafin gadolinium inhibits cellular respiration resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species and inducing apoptosis. It is being developed by Pharmacyclics in the US. Bulk motexafin gadolinium is supplied to Pharmacyclics by the US company, Celanese, through a manufacturing and supply agreement between the two companies. In June 2003, at the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO-2003), the importance of having an agent for the treatment of brain metastases from lung cancer was highlighted. Results of a phase III study were presented that showed that motexafin gadolinium treatment was associated with a delay in time to neurological and neurocognitive progression in lung cancer patients. This was an important finding, as 46.6% of lung cancer patients already have brain metastases at the time of initial diagnosis, compared with only 2.7% of breast cancer patients. Brain metastases are also often the only site of metastatic disease in patients with lung cancer. In December 2002, Pharmacyclics began a phase III trial of motexafin gadolinium in patients with brain metastases (brain cancer in phase table) from lung cancer in the US, Europe, Canada and Australia. The trial is known as the Study of neurologic progression with Motexafin gadolinium And Radiation Therapy (SMART) and will compare whole-brain irradiation with whole-brain irradiation plus motexafin gadolinium in 550 patients. The primary efficacy endpoint is time to neurological progression and the secondary endpoints are survival and neurocognitive function. In January 2003, the US FDA completed its Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) of the SMART trial with a positive result and by June 2003, enrollment had begun. In addition, phase I trials are underway in children with intrinsic pontine glioma and adults with head and neck, lung and pancreatic cancers. A phase II trial is also being conducted in the US in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Enrollment in this trial has been completed and preliminary results have been reported. Pharmacyclics has completed enrollment and follow-up of adults in its pivotal phase III trial of motexafin gadolinium as a radiation sensitiser for the treatment of brain metastases. The trial was conducted at 35 centres in Europe, Canada and the US. Full results from this initial phase III trial were presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in Orlando, Florida, USA, held in May 2002. Pharmacyclics also announced in October 2002, at the 44th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO), that motexafin gadolinium significantly prolonged time to neurological progression when added to whole brain radiation therapy and reduced the number of deaths in patients with brain tumour. Pharmacyclics announced in September 2000 that it has initiated two NCI-sponsored phase I trials conducted under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Pharmacyclics and the NCI. The first trial, conducted in patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer, was designed to determine the safety of two different dosing regimens of motexafin gadolinium during preoperative radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy. The second study was designed to examine the use of motexafin gadolinium in combination with stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery in patients with primary glioblastoma mutiforme. Two phase I clinical trials have also been conducted for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme at the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA. These phase I studies were sponsored by the NCI and were conducted under a CRADA with the NCI. Pharmacyclics has also completed multicentre US phase II clinical trials of motexafin gadolinium fin gadolinium in patients with metastatic tumours of the brain who require whole brain radiotherapy. Motexafin gadolinium is in a phase II trial in patients with lymphomas and multiple myeloma in the US.
 ...
PMID:Motexafin gadolinium: gadolinium (III) texaphyrin, gadolinium texaphyrin, Gd-Tex, GdT2B2, PCI 0120. 1472 95

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of brachytherapy in the treatment of 138 patients with intracranial neoplasms of the CNS. Of the total number of patients, 50 presented with glioblastoma multiforme, 45 presented with low-grade glioma, 19 presented with anaplastic astrocytoma, 23 presented with metastases and 1 presented with meningioma. During the execution of this study, seeds of 125I (10-20 mCi) were inserted into the lesions to aim the irradiation at a low dose of 60 Gy in the margin of benign lesions or 1 cm beyond the radiological border of malignant lesions, which were visualized on CT scan. The results of this procedure were evaluated in terms of the survival rates, which were assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves. Significant relationships were not observed between the volume and location of the lesions, the whole-brain radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the survival time of the patients. A low Karnofsky Index score and older age were associated with a short survival time. In light of the above, it was concluded that interstitial irradiation is a safe and effective method of treatment for brain tumors.
 ...
PMID:Interstitial irradiation for CNS lesions. 1474 60

A case is presented of a 38-year-old female patient who developed bifocal metachronous cerebral glioma with the same histological appearance (glioblastoma multiforme). Two separate tumors were operated on within six months: the first one was localized in the left parieto-occipital area, and the other in the right temporal lobe. The tumor cells dissemination occurred probably via the CSF pathways: during the first operation the posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle was opened, and the second neoplastic lesion was situated also in the direct vicinity of CSF spaces (the Sylvian cistern). For all practical purposes, the case presented testifies to the necessity of intraoperative protection of the CSF spaces by separating any open CSF cisterns from the removed tumor mass with cotton pads. In case of diagnosing cerebral glioma, a possibility of the presence of multiple foci should be taken into account. It is especially important for the differentiation of multiple lesions occurring synchronically, where similarity of radiological features is seen in metastases, cerebral abscesses and demyelinating lesions.
 ...
PMID:[Multiple cerebral glioma or tumor dissemination via CSF pathways? Case report]. 1517 43

Primary brain tumors rarely metastasize outside of the central nervous system. A case of 37-year-old woman with a temporal lobe glial tumor which shows infratemporal and orbital invasion is presented. She had undergone a cranial operation because of temporal lobe epilepsy 8 years ago. Defects on the dura and bone flap were thought to be the mechanisms of the infratemporal fossa invasion. The case illustrates extra-axial metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme, an exceptional finding.
 ...
PMID:Infratemporal and intraorbital metastasis of the glioblastoma multiforme. A case report. 1521 38

Cancer is the hyperactive state of cell growth in which the multiplication and division of cells occur abnormally. Malignant cancer to the brain frequently begins and ends with the loss of self or quality of life. Cancer of the central nervous system can be in the form of a primary or secondary brain tumor commonly known as metastatic cancer. Primary brain tumors can be benign or malignant on the basis of the cell type or location within the brain. Metastatic cancer has a primary source of origin, from which it has traveled to the brain by direct extension (tumors arising from the skull or vertebral column), or most commonly by hematogenous spread (through the blood supply, lymphatic system, or cerebral spinal fluid). As the cancer grows, the individual can experience headache, seizures, or focal neurologic deficits, all impinging on quality of life. This article addresses malignant central nervous system cancer including metastatic cancer and malignant gliomas (anaplastic astrocytoma, grade III, and glioblastoma multiforme, grade IV). Epidemiology, diagnostic workup, treatment, and outcome also are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with metastatic cancer and high-grade gliomas of the central nervous system. 1527 34

The extraneural diffusion of malignant gliomas is not frequent and some authors have reported single or multiple bone metastases from glioblastoma contemporary to the time of primary cerebral tumor or accompanying relapse on the brain. We report the case of a man affected by a glioblastoma who had a lumbar spine metastases without any brain relapse after excision of cerebral glioblastoma multiforme and brain radiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Bone metastasis from glioblastoma multiforme without central nervous system relapse: a case report. 1533 Feb 15

Metastatic gliomas are quite rare. We report a case of glioblastoma multiforme with bone marrow metastasis at the time of diagnosis, revealed by a bicytopenia. An autopsy was performed and several visceral metastases were discovered in the lung, the mediastinal lymph nodes and in the spleen.
 ...
PMID:[Systemic metastasis at the time of diagnosis of a glioblastoma]. 1548 Feb 63

To evaluate whether the chemosensitivity of primary central nervous system lymphomas to water-soluble drugs could result from improved drug delivery, we quantitatively assessed pharmacokinetic factors in seven patients. The capillary permeability surface product was found to be significantly increased in central nervous system lymphomas compared with glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastomas, and metastases. Tumoral blood flow was significantly greater than in normal white matter. Our results suggest favorable pharmacokinetics to water- and lipid-soluble drugs in primary central nervous system lymphomas.
 ...
PMID:Capillary physiology and drug delivery in central nervous system lymphomas. 1562 44

Clinically detected extra-cranial metastases from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are quite rare, with an incidence of <2% reported in the published literature. Among the various reported sites of systemic metastases from GBM, there are few cases of clinically symptomatic bone marrow metastasis. The case of a patient developing systemic dissemination of a GBM is described. A 60-year-old man with GBM who developed back pain, thrombocytopenia and subsequently neurological deficits was found to have extensive bony and bone marrow metastases. Previously reported cases of extra-cranial systemic spread of GBM and attempts made in the literature to explain the possible routes of extra-neural dissemination are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Bone marrow metastases from glioblastoma multiforme--A case report and review of the literature. 1592 96


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>