Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of primary intracranial glioblastoma multiforme originating in the pineal region is exceedingly rare. Diffuse leptomeningeal involvement, including spinal subarachnoid metastases, by a primary glioblastoma multiforme of the pineal region has not been reported. A report of a case of primary glioblastoma multiforme of the pineal region accompanied by diffuse leptomeningeal and nodular spinal subarachnoid metastases is presented. Extensive evaluation of the complete neuraxis, including histologic examination, in all cases of primary pineal neoplasm appears to be of both diagnostic and therapeutic value.
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PMID:Primary glioblastoma multiforme of the pineal region with leptomeningeal metastases: a case report. 626 12

The authors describe two rate cases of extraneural metastases of glioblastoma multiforme and of astrocytoma III-IV, but with different distribution routes. In the first case - astrocytoma III-IV - via the lymphatic system, with metastases in the cervical lymph nodes; in the second case-glioblastoma-via the blood system, with metastases in the sternum and vertebrae. Survival times were 18 months in the astrocytoma case (operation plus irradiation), and 6 months in the glioblastoma case (operation, irradiation, and chemotherapy). The discussion deals with the possible paths of the metastases, the connection between metastatic spread and survival time (in the longer surviving patient the metastases were discovered together with the recurrence), and problems in deciding the individual therapy.
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PMID:Malignant gliomas - glioblastoma multiforme and astrocytoma III-IV with extracranial metastases. Report of two cases. 626 5

A case of primary brain tumor composed of two contiguous neoplasms in presented. At operation, a nodular tumor was embedded in the infiltrating tumor within the brain parenchyma. With light and electron microscopy, the nodular tumor was similar to Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma). The infiltrating tumor was malignant astrocytoma. Autopsy revealed, besides the recurrence of malignant astrocytoma in the brain and its subarachnoid dissemination, extracranial metastases to the abdominal cavity, liver, lung, and bone marrow. Recurrent and metastatic tumors were glioblastoma multiforme, which was more malignant than the surgical specimen. The possibility of metastatic Wilms' tumor from the kidney was completely ruled out by extensive autopsy survey. The authors present an extremely rare tumor including detailed observations on the electron microscopic appearance of the tumor; the histogenesis of these tumors is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Contiguous malignant astrocytoma and Wilms'-like tumor in the brain. 628 Aug 43

In a series of 26 consecutive autopsy cases of intracranial tumors of neuroectodermal origin, tumor seeding on the ventricular surface and in the subarachnoid space was studied. Five cases of glioblastoma multiforme, six of malignant astrocytoma, six of medulloblastoma, one mixed glioblastoma-fibrosarcoma, one unclassified glioma, and one ependymoma showed ventricular and/or subarachnoid seeding of tumor. The incidence of tumor seeding in our series (76.9%) is much higher than in other series. This discrepancy is probably due to the inclusion of a large number of very small tumor metastases that may have been overlooked in other series. In all cases where metastases were observed the primary tumor extended into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Tumor seeding via the cerebrospinal pathway was more frequently associated with malignant tumors. The distribution of tumor metastases correlated with CSF flow and with the site of focal ependymal defects, which were present in normal brains but occurred more frequently and widely in hydrocephalus.
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PMID:Ventricular and subarachnoid seeding of intracranial tumors of neuroectodermal origin--a study of 26 consecutive autopsy cases with reference to focal ependymal defect. 630 22

The brains of 50 adults with supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme were studied post mortem. The cytologic compositions of the neoplasms were examined in each of three sites: (1) in and around the original tumor bed; (2) zones of infiltration of contiguous structures; and (3) implants in the subarachnoid and/or ventricular spaces. For this purpose, six different cell types were defined: small anaplastic cells (SAC), small fibrillated cells (SFC), fibrillated astrocytes (FA), pleomorphic astrocytes (PA), gemistocytic astrocytes (GA), and large bizarre cells (LBC). In 16 cases with marked mass effect in the original tumor bed entirely due to the neoplasm, the cytologic composition of the neoplasm was predominantly SAC (14 cases) and SFC (2 cases). The prevalence of these two cellular types was evident in the infiltrated regions in 36 of 42 cases, and in the metastatic foci of 11 of 13 cases. In 10 of 11 cases in which there was mild or no mass effect, only limited infiltration in the ipsilateral hemisphere, and no metastases, the neoplasms were composed of a combination of FA, PA, GA, and LBC. The observations suggest that, in spite of the glioblastoma's cytologic heterogeneity, the pathologic substrate of aggressiveness in this malignant glioma is related largely to the proliferation of a population of small anaplastic cells. On the basis of this observation, as well as the consideration of certain clinical and therapeutic variables, an outline is presented summarizing the history of the glioblastoma multiforme from treatment until the time of death.
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PMID:Correlations between cytologic composition and biologic behavior in the glioblastoma multiforme. A postmortem study of 50 cases. 631 12

Extraneural metastases from malignant glioma and glioblastoma are believed to be rare. The most common sites of metastases are lung, lymph nodes, bone, and liver. We recently encountered two patients with glioblastoma multiforme who presented with pain and thrombocytopenia caused by diffuse metastasis to bone marrow. A premortem diagnosis was established in the first patient with the aid of peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of the bone marrow biopsy specimen for glial fibrillary acidic protein, a glial-specific marker. In the second patient glial fibrillary acidic protein staining confirmed the glial nature of the primary brain tumor as well as the metastatic tumor in bone marrow. The first patient also had metastatic nodules on the pleural surface and on the fifth rib. All three metastatic foci had similar cellular morphology, suggesting selection of a population of tumor cells with extraneural metastatic potential.
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PMID:Diffuse bone marrow metastasis by glioblastoma: premortem diagnosis by peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein. 631 36

A Phase I trial of intravenous bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and conventional fractionated radiation therapy was performed in 14 patients with glioblastoma multiforme and 7 patients with other poorly radioresponsive tumors. The BUdR was given as a constant intravenous infusion for 12 hr/day for up to 14 days. Thirteen patients received a second 14 day infusion following a 10 to 14 day interruption for bone marrow recovery. Local toxicity (within the radiation field) was minor, with 7 of the 21 patients requiring a brief treatment break for moist skin desquamation. There was no significant CNS toxicity noted clinically nor by autopsy examination. Additionally, no significant enhancement of radiation injury was noted to bowel or liver. However, one patient treated for multiple pulmonary metastases experienced a clinical and radiographic pattern consistent with radiation pneumonitis. Dose-dependent systemic toxicity occurred in bone marrow and skin. Moderate myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia, was found following a 14 day cycle of BUdR at and above 650 mg/m2/12 hr infusion. Approximately one-third of patients developed a maculo-papular erythematous rash to the scalp, neck and upper chest. In two patients, the rash became generalized with evidence of epidermolysis on skin biopsy. Pharmacology studies revealed steady-state arterial plasma levels of 2 X 10(-6) M/1 during the 12 hr infusion of 650 to 700 mg/m2. Radiosensitization was measured by a change in the D0 of radiation survival curves of human bone marrow CFUc prior to and following the 14 day infusion in 4 patients. A trend of increasing radiosensitization was noted in most patients as the infusion rate of BUdR was increased from 500 to 870 mg/m2/12 hr. We conclude that the maximum tolerable dose of BUdR is 650 to 700 mg/m2/12 hrs when given as a 2 week intermittent intravenous infusion. Local toxicity is acceptable. The major systemic toxicities are myelosuppression and a maculopapular skin rash.
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PMID:A Phase I study of intermittent intravenous bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) with conventional fractionated irradiation. 632 12

Secondary malignancies after marrow transplantation have been observed in 20 patients: 19 patients underwent marrow transplantation for the treatment of a hemopoietic malignancy and one for aplastic anemia. All but three were given total body irradiation at doses of 8.0-15.75 Gy as part of the conditioning regimen. Secondary malignancies were composed of three groups: (a) Six patients had recurrence of leukemia (three acute lymphoblastic, two acute myeloblastic, and one chronic myelocytic) in cells of donor origin 62-1074 days after grafting. (b) Eight patients developed lymphoproliferative disorders (four of immunoblastic sarcoma type, one lymphoblastic, one follicular center cell, and one Hodgkin's lymphoma and one acute lymphoblastic leukemia) 54-730 days after grafting. In four of seven patients with appropriate studies these tumors were of donor-cell origin and in three of four tested the cells contained Epstein-Barr virus genome or expressed viral antigens. (c) Six patients developed solid tumors (two glioblastoma multiforme, two adenocarcinomas, one squamous cell carcinoma, and one sarcoma) 347-1875 days after grafting. All but two patients (one with glioblastoma and one with squamous cell carcinoma) have died. These data suggest that patients undergoing marrow transplantation for a hemopoietic malignancy may be at risk of developing secondary malignancies. The etiology appears to be multifactorial, including irradiation, immunosuppression, Epstein-Barr virus infections, and other factors.
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PMID:Secondary malignancies after marrow transplantation. 638 5

A malignant fibrous mesothelioma is reported in a man of 70, arising from the left pleura with widespread metastases in the regional lymph nodes, diaphragm, chest wall, adrenal glands, and brain. Asbestos bodies were not found. Histologically, the primary tumor consisted of interlacing bundles of spindle-shaped malignant cells with a considerable number of mitoses. In the brain two large metastases occurred. Macroscopically, the occipital metastasis looked like an intracranial hemorrhage. Microscopically, the metastases mimicked the pattern of a glioblastoma multiforme. The present case is discussed against the background of the pertinent literature.
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PMID:Brain metastases in malignant fibrous mesothelioma. Case report and review of the literature. 661 38

Transplanted lines of seven F-344 (Fischer) rat malignant gliomas induced transplacentally with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) were surveyed by in vivo immunoprotection assays for the presence of tumour rejection antigens. These gliomas were representative of commonplace histological types of human primary brain tumours and were analyzed in early transplantation passages. The classical tumour ligation method of immunizing animals was attempted with five glioma lines, but was found unusable in four of these because of a high incidence of local tumour recurrences and distant metastases. In most experiments the animals were immunized by repeated inoculations of heavily-irradiated tumour cells. Two gliomas, a glioblastoma multiforms and a mixed astrocytoma-ependymoma, demonstrated weak but statistically significant tumour rejection responses. Immunization with three other tumours, a mixed oligodendroglioma-astrocytoma and two glioblastomas multiforme, led to enhanced outgrowth of the challenge cell inocula. Neither a rejection nor an enhancement response was observed in assays of the remaining two neoplasms, a glioblastoma multiforme and a mixed astrocytoma-oligodendroglioma. Immunization with a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced urinary bladder carcinoma line, used as a control in assays of six gliomas, had no effect on the outgrowth of transplanted glioma cells. These results suggest that ENU-induced malignant rat gliomas do not uniformly elicit strong tumour-rejection responses in vivo.
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PMID:A survey of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas for the presence of tumour rejection antigens expressed in vivo. 723 38


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