Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Struma ovarii are specialized teratomas consisting of thyroid tissue. They may demonstrate all pathologic features seen in the thyroid gland. Malignant transformation of thyroid tissue in struma ovarii is uncommon and is rarely recurrent or metastatic. We report the diagnosis and treatment of a recurrent struma ovarii with malignant transformation, and intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, and hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated struma ovarii with malignant transformation. 906 67

Malignant transformation of pre-existing Warthin tumours of the parotid gland in carcinomas is very rare compared with the development of carcinomas in pre-existing pleomorphic adenomas. Five cases examined in the Salivary Gland Register of Hamburg 1965-1996 were classified in 2 cases as mucoepidermoid carcinoma and in each of one case as oncocytic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma. In the pathogenesis the benign oncocytic epithelial formations at the surface of the cystic spaces are restricted by malignant neoplastic epithelial cells in the course of which transitions of squamous cell metaplasia or goblet cell metaplasia can be observed. In the further course an infiltrating spread of the carcinoma takes place into the lymphoid stromal component of the Warthin tumour, sometimes also an infiltration of the surrounding tissue und rarely to cervical lymph node metastases. The own findings are analysed concerning the classification of the carcinomas and the differential diagnosis under consideration of the until now reported cases of the literature.
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PMID:[Carcinoma in pre-existing Warthin tumors (cystadenolymphoma) of the parotid gland. Classification, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis]. 943 71

Malignant transformation of a mature teratoma is a rare event. Patients often remain free of symptoms until the tumor burden makes the prognosis poor, due to pelvic and peritoneal metastases. We present a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a teratoma, with bowel and peritoneal invasion. The patient was treated by radical surgery followed by whole pelvic radiation and chemotherapy. This regimen, usually given for squamous cell tumors, such as cervical cancer, led to a 19-month persistent disease-free survival.
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PMID:Combined modality treatment for malignant transformation of a benign ovarian teratoma. 1032 54

Struma ovarii consists of thyroid tissue derived from germ cells in a mature teratoma. Malignant transformation is very rare, with clinically evident metastatic disease reported in approximately 20 cases. The rarity of this disease renders evaluation of treatment modalities difficult. There is evidence that these tumors behave like their thyroid counterparts, and cytoreductive surgery followed by ablation with radioactive iodine has been advocated. We report the diagnosis and treatment of 2 patients with metastatic malignant struma ovarii treated with a combination of surgery and radiation therapy.
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PMID:Malignant struma ovarii: two case reports and a review of the literature. 1036 77

Malignant transformation of eccrine spiradenoma is extremely rare. We describe the case of a 70-year-old man with malignant eccrine spiradenoma of the forearm and metastases to the axillary lymph nodes. Surgical excision with adequate margins and lymph node dissection was performed. Tamoxifen therapy was instituted after obtaining positive immunostaining results for estrogen receptor. After 41 months of follow-up, there has been no recurrence or distant metastases. Wide local excision and close follow-up are crucial in the management of malignant eccrine spiradenoma. The role of other therapeutic modalities, including hormonal therapy, remains to be determined.
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PMID:Malignant eccrine spiradenoma. 1195 66

Malignant transformation of cutaneous lichen planus is a rare event. We report a 34 year old Caucasian male who presented with an exophytic tumor on the right foreleg. The tumor gradually developed within previous areas of histologically proven hypertrophic lichen planus that had existed for about 10 years. However, the current histological examination of the excised tumor revealed highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with a depth of tumor invasion of 10 mm. At that time, neither sentinel lymph node biopsy nor further imaging diagnostics revealed evidence for metastatic spreading. Nevertheless, five months after surgery inguinal lymph node metastases were detected. Initial chemotherapy and inguinal lymph node dissection were unable to stop the spread of the tumor. One year later, parailiacal lymph node metastases were detected by computed tomography. Further cycles of chemotherapy resulted in significant reduction of the parailiacal tumor masses. This report indicates that the long-standing hypertrophic form of lichen planus seems to have a considerable propensity for malignant transformation, even in young patients.
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PMID:Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arising from a previous area of chronic hypertrophic lichen planus. 1263 68

Malignant transformation of parathyroid tumours is rare. Nevertheless, this small subset of malignant tumours often creates diagnostic and therapeutic problems. In this work, the morphological characteristics of 26 primary parathyroid carcinomas and seven metastases have been studied. Furthermore, immunohistochemical expression profiles for the calcium sensing receptor (CASR), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and Ki-67 were determined for parathyroid carcinomas and compared with adenomas and hyperplasias using a tissue microarray. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the chromosome 1q region containing the HRPT2 gene and chromosome 11q (MEN1) was determined in the carcinomas. In contrast to the adenomas and hyperplasias, 31% of carcinomas demonstrated down-regulation of CASR. A significant correlation was found between CASR expression and the Ki-67 proliferation index. Chromosome 1q and chromosome 11q LOH were found in 12 of 22 (55%) and 11 of 22 (50%) carcinomas tested, respectively. Combined 1q and 11q LOH was seen in 8 of 22 (36%) carcinomas, in contrast to the low percentage of LOH reported in both regions in adenomas. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that combined 1q and 11q LOH in parathyroid tumours is suggestive of malignant behaviour. Strong down-regulation of the CASR protein is seen in a proportion of parathyroid carcinomas with a high proliferation index.
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PMID:Differential expression of the calcium sensing receptor and combined loss of chromosomes 1q and 11q in parathyroid carcinoma. 1469 25

A male patient presented with an extraordinarily large calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT or Pindborg-tumor) that affected the maxilla. The disease became evident due to alterations in the facial aspect, in particular of the perioral region, caused by the expanding tumor. CEOT is characterised by the slowly growing mass of part of the jaws. Multilocular or extraosseous manifestations are extremely rare. Malignant transformation with metastases is rare. Radiography depicts characteristic, but not obligatory, areas of calcification inside the tumor. The surgical therapy for CEOT is complete local resection with safe margins. If tooth bearing parts of the jaws are affected, these teeth almost always have to be removed. The prognosis is excellent for overall survival. Local recurrences have rarely been reported but may be found even decades after primary treatment. Three years following surgical therapy there is no evidence of local recurrence. A long-term follow-up control is recommended.
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PMID:[Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor of the maxilla (Pindborg tumor)]. 1499 21

Malignant transformation of breast epithelia is frequently associated with an altered expression of MHC products and of antigen processing molecular machinery. The consequent impairment of tumor immune recognition is thought to confer to tumor cells a selective advantage with respect to survival and metastatization. In order to understand if metastatic breast cancer lesions might be associated with a defective proteasome subunit expression that, in turn, might limit the peptide availability and prevent stable cell surface HLA class I-tumor antigen expression, we studied by immunostaining the expression of beta2-microglobulin, HLA class I antigens and proteasome subunits LMP-2 and LMP-10 in 35 matched primary and metastatic human breast carcinoma lesions. Overall, we found a downregulation of LMP-2 in 51.4% of the lesions, of LPM-10 in 45.7% of the lesions, of HLA class I heavy chain in 40.0% of the lesions, while beta2-microglobulin was downregulated in 25.7% of the lesions studied. In most primary and metastatic lesions the downmodulation of each antigen examined was coordinated. In the cases where a selective downmodulation of antigens was observed in the primary or in the metastatic lesion (with the exception of beta2-microglobulin), it was rather observed in the primary lesions. However, LMP-10 showed a significant selective downmodulation in the metastases as well. Antigen downmodulation does not appear therefore to represent a strategy for the primary tumor to metastasize successfully.
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PMID:Expression of HLA class I antigen and proteasome subunits LMP-2 and LMP-10 in primary vs. metastatic breast carcinoma lesions. 1554 99

Primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) have a worse prognosis than gonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs). Malignant transformation of teratomatous components of GCT to a somatic malignancy is rare. We present a case of primary mediastinal NSGCT with malignant transformation of a teratoma in an active duty airman who presented with a 12-cm anterior mediastinal mass and vertebral body lesion. Pathology confirmed NSGCT with yolk sac and teratomatous components. Chemotherapy for GCT normalized serum tumor markers with little effect on the mediastinal mass. Incomplete resection of the residual tumor revealed high-grade mixed sarcoma. Serum tumor markers rose 3 months following resection with metastatic disease to bone and liver. Chemotherapy targeting sarcoma induced a partial response, but the patient developed acute myeloid leukemia refractory to chemotherapy. We discuss our approach to management of this complicated patient.
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PMID:Metastatic malignant teratoma arising from mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: a case report. 1847 34


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