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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neoplasms of unknown primary site are tumor diseases, which are diagnosed by the pathologic studies of one of their metastases. The treatment of neoplasms of unknown primary site is not totally established, except in a few situations with specific therapeutical implications, and a better prognosis. The usual treatment of neoplasms of unknown primary site is the empirical chemotherapy with taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) and platines (cisplatin or carboplatin)-based regimens, with different results in the trials.
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PMID:[Neoplasms of unknown primary site]. 1551 Dec 3

Calcium homeostasis is a tightly regulated process involving the co-ordinated efforts of the skeleton, kidney, parathyroid glands and intestine. Neoplasms can alter this homeostasis indirectly through the production of endocrine factors resulting in humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Relatively common with breast and lung cancer, this paraneoplastic condition is most often due to tumour production of parathyroid hormone-related protein and ensuing increased osteoclastic bone resorption. Although control of hypercalcaemia is generally successful, the development of this complication is associated with a poor prognosis. The metastasis of tumour cells to bone represents another skeletal complication of malignancy. As explained in the 'seed and soil' hypothesis, bone represents a fertile ground for cancer cells to flourish. The molecular mechanisms of this mutually beneficial relationship between bone and cancer cells are beginning to be understood. In the case of osteolytic bone disease, tumour-produced parathyroid hormone-related protein stimulates osteoclasts that in turn secrete tumour-activating transforming growth factor-beta that further stimulates local cancer cells. This 'vicious cycle' of bone metastases represents reciprocal bone/cancer cellular signals that likely modulate osteoblastic bone metastatic lesions as well. The development of targeted therapies to either block initial cancer cell chemotaxis, invasion and adhesion or to break the 'vicious cycle' is dependent on a more complete understanding of bone metastases. Although bisphosphonates delay progression of skeletal metastases, it is clear that more effective therapies are needed. Cancer-associated bone morbidity remains a major public health problem, and to improve therapy and prevention it is important to understand the pathophysiology of the effects of cancer on bone. This review will detail scientific advances regarding this area.
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PMID:Hypercalcaemia of malignancy and basic research on mechanisms responsible for osteolytic and osteoblastic metastasis to bone. 1617 92

Approximately 7% of old, unthrifty sheep (Ovis aries) in New Zealand have intestinal adenocarcinomas. To investigate whether these sheep might be used as a model of human colonic neoplasia, the biologic behavior and histologic appearance of ovine intestinal adenocarcinomas were compared with those reported for human colonic adenocarcinomas. We collected 50 intestinal tracts with grossly visible intestinal neoplasia from slaughtered sheep. Neoplasms were assessed using World Health Organization guidelines for assessment of human colonic adenocarcinomas. All ovine adenocarcinomas developed in the small intestine. In contrast, only 4% of human intestinal tumors develop at this location, whereas the majority develop in the colon. A visible polyp is present within 89% of human colonic adenocarcinomas, whereas polyps were present in only 46% of the ovine neoplasms. Intestinal wall infiltration by the neoplastic cells and rates of lymph node (84% in sheep; 61% in humans) and distant (52% in sheep; 17% in humans) metastases were comparable between ovine and human adenocarcinomas. However, ovine adenocarcinomas developed more peritoneal and fewer hepatic metastases than human adenocarcinomas. Histologic grading of ovine tumors revealed cell differentiation similar to that reported within human colonic adenocarcinomas. In conclusion, ovine intestinal adenocarcinomas, like human colonic adenocarcinomas, typically arise spontaneously and consistently develop widespread metastases. In addition, tumors appear histologically similar between these species. Therefore, sheep may provide a model of advanced human colonic cancer, possibly allowing evaluation of novel therapeutics and surgical procedures.
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PMID:Ovine intestinal adenocarcinomas: histologic and phenotypic comparison with human colon cancer. 1663 81

Neoplasms have developed strategies to protect themselves against the complement-mediated host immunity. Invasion- and metastasis-promoting membrane type-1 (MT1) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is strongly associated with many metastatic cancer types. The relative importance of the individual functions of MT1-MMP in metastasis was, however, unknown. We have now determined that the expression of murine MT1-MMP in murine melanoma B16F1 cells strongly increased the number of metastatic loci in the lungs of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, MT1-MMP did not affect the number of metastatic loci in complement-deficient C57BL/6-C3-/- mice. Our results indicated, for the first time, that the anticomplement activity of MT1-MMP played a significant role in promoting metastasis in vivo and determined the relative importance of the anticomplement activity in the total metastatic effect of this multifunctional proteolytic enzyme. We believe that our results shed additional light on the functions of MT1-MMP in cancer and clearly make this protease a promising drug target in metastatic malignancies.
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PMID:Interference with the complement system by tumor cell membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase plays a significant role in promoting metastasis in mice. 1677 1

Neoplasms of perivascular epithelioid cells (PEComas) have in common the coexpression of muscle and melanocytic immunohistochemical markers. Although this group includes entities with distinct clinical features, such as angiomyolipoma, clear cell sugar tumor of the lung, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, similar tumors have been documented in an increasing diversity of locations. The term PEComa is now generally used in reference to these lesions that are not angiomyolipomas, clear cell sugar tumors, or lymphangioleiomyomatoses. While most reported PEComas have behaved in a benign fashion, malignant PEComas have occasionally been documented. We present a case of hepatic PEComa with benign histologic features, which nonetheless presented with metastases to multiple sites nearly 9 years later. This case represents the second documented malignant PEComa of the liver, as well as the longest follow-up of a surviving patient with a malignant PEComa, emphasizing both the need for criteria that more accurately predict the behavior of PEComas and the necessity of long-term follow-up of patients with PEComas.
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PMID:Malignant neoplasm of perivascular epithelioid cells of the liver. 1687 28

This mini-review summarizes our recent experimental and clinical studies on neutrophil elastase (NE) and cancer based on our original view point. Neoplasms metastasize as a result of a complex series of events. This process requires various degradative enzymes including proteases. NE has broad substrate specificity under physiological conditions, and excessive NE results in digestion of not only elastin, but also other extracellular matrix proteins. Several cell lines from human breast cancer and human lung cancer produce immunoreactive NE. The amount of immunoreactive NE in tumor tissue is an independent prognostic indicator of patients with breast cancer and lung cancer. Furthermore, a specific NE inhibitor completely suppressed growth of cancer cells transplanted into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. The use of NE inhibitor would seem to be a promising way to prevent the invasion and metastasis of cancer.
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PMID:Neutrophil elastase and cancer. 1732 Mar 78

Neoplasms from almost every tissue have been reported to metastasize to the pituitary. Gastric carcinoma is a rare cause of metastases in pituitary gland. Gastric carcinoma will be the primary tumor in less than 2% of patients with pituitary gland metastases. We report the case of a 60-years old white man with liver metastasis from gastric cancer with fair presentation symptoms of pituitary gland metastasis. Basal endocrinological work-up showed corticotroph, gonadotroph, somatotroph and thyrotroph cell insufficiency; serum PRL was elevated and no deficit of the ADH level was observed. Despite the hormonal deficits the patient did not report any specific symptom. After diagnosis the patient began thyroid and adrenal-replacement therapy and was referred to Radiotherapy Unit for treatment on the sellar and pituitary gland region.
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PMID:Gastric cancer metastatic to the pituitary gland: a case report. 1755 75

Neoplasms originating from plasma cell are rare in the head and neck region. A correct clinical evaluation is very important in order to formulate a differential diagnosis as well as to distinguish local from metastatic disease. We report a case of larynx involvement by an IgA multiple myeloma in a 69-year-old female diagnosed in October 2004 and treated with chemotherapy; the 1 year control do not show progression of disease and the laryngeal lesion is unchanged. We highlight the radiological findings and clinical features to suspect plasma cell tumors in cases with a similar presentation.
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PMID:Thyroid cartilage involvement in patient affected by IgA multiple myeloma: case report. 1782 11

Background. Neoplasms of limbs are appear as primary of changes or as bone metastases.<br /> Material and methods. In 1989-2002 due to neoplasms limbs 795 patients were hospitalised, of which 278 suffered from malignant metastases to bones. In this group, 242 patients with lesions localised within the femoral (169), humeral (55) and tibial (18) bones were identified. In 75% of patients pathological fractures were diagnosed, in the remaining ones the metastasis was manifested in the form of osteolytic lesion. In most cases early surgical treatment was performed to eliminate pain complaints, improve patient's physical mobility through restoration of limb functions and also to enable nursing care to be performed in palliative management. The choice of treatment method depended on: location of metastasis, degree of bone tissue destruction, type of primary tumour, progression of malignant process and technical resources. Within the long bones intramedullary nails (189) of different generations were implanted. In the proximal part of femoral bone various types of endoprostheses (65) were used, enabling oncological radicalism and early rehabilitation of the patients. <br /> Results. Resection of bones with neoplasm-induced lesions, filling the lesion with bony cement and stabilisation with blocking nails permitted early rehabilitation of patients. In our material the most common malignancies inducing metastases were: breast, kidney, lung cancers and myeloma. Patients with these neoplasms constituted nearly 74% of all hospitalised subjects. <br /> Conclusions. Necessity of systemic management and importance of early surgical treatment of metastases in specialized centres were underlined.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of metastasic tumors to long bones in the material of the Unit. 1803 32

Neoplasms composed of germ cells and sex cord stroma derivatives intimately admixed together occur only in the gonads and consist of two distinctive and separate entities, gonadoblastoma and mixed germ cell-sex cord stroma tumour. These two entities differ from each other not only pathologically, but also in somatic, genetic, endocrine, and biological aspects. Gonadoblastoma which is the more common, occurs in young phenotypic females who are frequently virilized. The majority are chromatin negative and possess a Y chromosome. The gonad in which the tumour originates when not indeterminate is usually a streak or a testis. Gonadoblastoma is generally small and frequently bilateral. Histologically gonadoblastoma consists of cellular nests surrounded by connective tissue stroma. These nests usually show hyalinization and calcification, which may lead to the obliteration of the lesion. Gonadoblastoma is frequently overgrown by dysgerminoma and sometimes by other more malignant neoplastic germ cell elements. Mixed germ cell-sex cord stroma tumour occurs most frequently in somatically and genetically normal female infants and children in the first decade, and less frequently in anatomically normal elderly males. The tumours are unilateral and are usually large and solid. Histologically they are composed of germ cells and sex cord derivatives intimately admixed with each other forming a number of different patterns. There are no regressive changes and the tumour is actively proliferative. Admixture with other neoplastic germ cell elements is very rare, and metastases have never been encountered.
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PMID:The pathology of gonadal neoplasms composed of germ cells and sex cord stroma derivatives. 1878 50


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