Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenocarcinoma has become the most common type of cancer of the lung. Its distinct natural history necessitates separation from the other cell types. Results from recent Veterans Administration Lung Group studies show that local-regional failure occurred in 59% of patients after irradiation for adenocarcinoma limited to the thorax. Data from 300 consecutive autopsies reveal that death was caused by intrathoracic complications of the tumor in 38%, and by metastases in 57% of patients. Adenocarcinoma has an intermediate risk of local and distant failure when compared to squamous and small-cell carcinoma. However, brain metastases are most frequent with adenocarcinoma. Preliminary results suggest that prophylactic brain irradiation decreases the frequency of brain metastases. Patients with adenocarcinoma are more likely than those with other cell types to have metastases only in the brain. Prophylactic brain irradiation may make the greatest contribution to improved survival in pateints with adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the lung: recent results from the Veterans Administration Lung Group. 22 72

Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder developed in 17 of 68 untreated and in 26 of 83 irradiated guinea pigs of inbred strains 2 and 13. The carcinomas spread widely by direct extension and through lymphatic and blood vessels to lymph nodes, mesenteries, omenta, abdominal wall, liver, lungs, bones, and spleen. Whole-body exposure to gamma or X-radiation increased both the number of tumors and metastases in male inbred guinea pigs but not in females. Significantly fewer (9 of 98) noninbred than inbred guinea pigs developed gallbladder carcinomas after irradiation. In 9 untreated noninbred guinea pigs gallbladder carcinomas were not found. Inasmuch as the effect of irradiation was not dose-dependent, an indirect systemic effect of irradiation was postulated. This is the first report on the occurrence of spontaneous gallbladder adenocarcinomas in guinea pigs.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder in guinea pigs. 28 70

The association of Peutz-Jeghers (P-J) syndrome and gastrointestinal carcinoma is well documented, but an unequivocal histologic demonstration that malignancy may originate in a hamartomatous polyp has been very rarely given. A patient with the P-J syndome is described, in whom a definite intestinal adenocarcinoma with metastases to omentum and celiac lymph nodes was shown to originate in a jejunal hamartoma. Evidence that malignancy was derived from hamartomatous structures was given by the following observations: (a) Adenocarcinoma was intimately intricated with smooth muscle bands, and well-defined transitional zone of malignant cells could be observed in several glands of the degenerated P-J polyp; and (b) close to malignant areas, glands of this polyp exhibited a less-differentiated epithelium, but were still intermixed with nonstriated muscle bundles, which strongly suggest dedifferentiation of hamartomatous structures.
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PMID:Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with metastasizing carcinoma arising from a jejunal hamartoma. 49 17

Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater represents about 10% of periampullary neoplasms. This tumor is slow-growing, often amenable to radical surgical resection, and associated with a better prognosis than the other neoplasms which arise in the periampullary area. Correct identification of ampullary carcinoma may be difficult but is essential because of its better prognosis. A review of 31 patients with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater treated at our institution reveals that the classical history of fluctuating jaundice and the well known findings of a palpable gallbladder and occult blood in the stool may not be present. The treatment of choice for ampullary carcinoma in the absence of hepatic or distant metastases is pancreaticoduodenectomy. Our operative mortality for pancreaticoduodenectomy is 16%, and the five-year survival rate is 32%. The role of palliative procedures, the operative complications, and the survival rates are discussed.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. 63 6

As of 1975, forty-nine cases of adenocarcinoma arising in the columnar-lined lower esophagus (CLLE) were reported in the literature. We add three more cases, including the youngest male to our knowledge. All survived esophagogastrectomy and radiotherapy, but each had metastatic disease and a guarded prognosis. Review of the literature revealed a male/female ratio of 3:1 for this disorder with a mean age for men of 53 years, less than that for women, (61 women). Columnar-lined lower esophagus is seen in up to 11% of patients with reflux esophagitis and probably does not regress, once present. Adenocarcinoma later develops in 2.4% to 8.5%. The CLLE is not rare and should be followed up as carefully as any other premalignant lesion.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma in the columnar-lined (Barrett) esophagus. Case report and review of the literature. 88 48

From 1950 to 1973, 254 patients with metastatic cancers from occult primary tumors, comprising 0.5% of all the referred cancer patients were seen. The average age was 59 years. Clinical presentation was commonly in the form of metastatic lesions in lung, cervical lymph node, bone or liver. Radiological and radioisotopic investigations proved helpful in determining the extent of disease rather than the origin of primary tumor. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest type, followed by undifferentiated and squamous cell carcinomas. The origin of the primary tumor was established in 77 (30%) patients, mostly at autopsy. It was in the lung in 40% of the cases, followed by stomach, pancreas, kidney, ovary and colon. Some correlation was found between clinical presentation and the origin of the primary tumor. Histologically different second cancers were detected in 28 (11%) patients. Overall median and five-year survival rates were nine months and nine per cent respectively. Longer survival was seen in patients with squamous cell carcinoma metastases, middle and upper neck lymph node lesions, and those who had "curative" surgery. In localized metastatic lesions, surgical extirpation should be done. Depending on the histological type of the metastatic lesions, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy have definite roles in the management of these patients. Periodic follow-up examinations also prove valuable.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinomas from occult primary tumors. A study of 254 patients. 92 56

The survival rates and complications of 212 patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the cervix by slightly less than radical radiotherapy with a conservative extrafascial hysterectomy are discussed. The presence of bulky or barrel-shaped endocervical disease was the main indication for hysterectomy, as adequate irradiation could not be employed. The 5-year survival rates were comparable with those for carcinoma of the cervix in general. The incidence of severe complications when whole pelvis irradiation was 4000 rads or less was 5.4%, but 2 of 3 patients who received more than 4000 rads had severe complications. Lymphadenectomy doubled the complication rate. 4 fatal complications occurred in the lymphadenectomy group, whereas none occurred in its absence. Adenocarcinoma in itself is not to be considered an indication for hysterectomy. Death is usually caused by distant metastases and intercurrent disease rather than by failure of the irradiated volume.
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PMID:Indications for adjunctive conservative extrafascial hysterectomy in selected cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. 111 64

The 67-kd high-affinity laminin receptor (67 LR) is a gene product whose expression appears to be associated with the invasive and metastatic phenotype of a variety of human cancer cells. Northern blot hybridization has been routinely used to quantify the level of 67 LR mRNA from total cellular RNA extracts of homogenized tissue specimens or in vitro grown cell populations. This technique is useful to assess the average expression of the 67 LR mRNA of a particular sample but does not provide information about expression in specific cell types nor about heterogeneity of expression from cell to cell. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 67 LR mRNA in four human cancer cell lines with varying degrees of expression of 67 LR protein (renal cancer A-704, breast carcinoma MCF-7/4 and MCF-7/7, and pancreatic cancer Panc-1) using in situ hybridization performed with 67 LR riboprobes. Total cellular RNA was simultaneously extracted from the cell lines and hybridized on Northern blots with a 67 LR cDNA probe to assess the validity of the mRNA detection by in situ hybridization. Sixty-seven LR mRNA expression was higher in Panc-1 and MCF-7/4 cells than in MCF-7/7 and renal carcinoma A-704. There was a direct correlation (R2 = 0.88) between the in situ hybridization analysis and the mRNA levels detected by Northern blot analysis. The in situ hybridization method showed a heterogeneous expression of the 67 LR mRNA in the four cell lines with different subpopulations of cells showing a range from negative to high levels of the message. Sixteen freshly frozen human colorectal tissues (seven adenocarcinomas, five matched normal mucosae, and four adenomas) were also analyzed by in situ hybridization. The 67 LR mRNA was localized in normal and neoplastic epithelial cells. Adenocarcinoma cells showed a 1.6- to 5-fold higher expression (P < 0.02 according to the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) than did epithelial colonic cells from normal mucosae or adenomas. The signal tended to be stronger in poorly differentiated carcinomas and carcinomas with metastases than in moderately differentiated and nonmetastatic tumors. We conclude that the high expression of 67 LR mRNA in colorectal tumors is due to an increased production by tumor cells. Furthermore, in situ hybridization is an effective method to detect the expression of LR mRNA in cultured cell lines as well as in frozen tissue sections.
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PMID:Detection of laminin receptor mRNA in human cancer cell lines and colorectal tissues by in situ hybridization. 144 45

Glandular carcinomas of the larynx are aggressive neoplasms that comprise less than 1% of all laryngeal malignancies. Adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, is the most common histologic type. The rarity of these lesions has prohibited clarification of definitive therapy. Traditionally, radical surgery is performed because of the usually high stage at presentation and the relative insensitivity to radiotherapy. A case of glottic T1 adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, is reported. The tumor presented clinically as a vocal fold granuloma. The treatment modalities included endoscopic excision with the carbon dioxide laser and postoperative radiotherapy. The patient has been followed up for 39 months without evidence of recurrence or metastases. The current literature is reviewed in regard to treatment of laryngeal glandular carcinomas.
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PMID:Laryngeal adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, treated with carbon dioxide laser excision and postoperative radiotherapy. 144

Adenocarcinoma of the lung obtained at surgical resection was examined for mutation at codons 12, 13, and 61 of the oncogenes K-ras, H-ras, and N-ras, using polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization techniques. The mutation was detected in 18 of the 115 cases (15.7%), and 15 of 18 were at codon 12, 2 were at codon 13 of K-ras, and 1 was at codon 61 of N-ras. G to T transversions were most common. The ras gene mutations were more frequent in the male patients (P = 0.0048). No significant differences were found to be related to stage of the disease or tumor-nodes-metastases classification between positive and negative groups of the ras gene mutations. A history of tobacco use was not always a factor contributing to mutation. Of the completely resected group without lymph node metastasis, the 5-year survival rate in the ras-positive group was 53.3%, which was significantly poorer than the 83.6% survival rate in the ras-negative group (P less than 0.05). Our findings suggest that ras gene mutations may be prognostic, especially in the early stage adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:ras gene mutations as a prognostic marker in adenocarcinoma of the human lung without lymph node metastasis. 158 7


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