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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chondrosarcoma, a malignant cartilage-forming mesenchymal tumor, displays a wide range of clinical behavior that can be difficult to predict with histological analysis. Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to the processes of local invasion and metastasis by controlling the ability of a tumor to transverse tissue boundaries. The specificity of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (interstitial collagenase) for fibrillar collagen may be central to those processes. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 facilitates invasion by degradation of such basement-membrane structures as type-IV collagen. The balance between the activity of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase determines the proteolytic activity and may, in part, determine the overall invasiveness and potential for metastasis. The measurement of the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase may have prognostic value for determining whether individual chondrosarcomas are locally invasive or will metastasize. Furthermore, there may be a specific pattern of expression of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase in chondrosarcomas that is related to local invasion and probability of metastasis. Sixteen paraffin-embedded archival specimens of tumors were examined. Six twenty-micrometer-thick sections were cut from each tumor, and the amounts of cDNA formed from the mRNA were determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with use of novel primers for matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2. The amounts of cDNA for the matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors were determined by chemiluminescence and band densitometry. The ratio of the amount of cDNA for matrix metalloproteinase-1 to that for its tissue inhibitor and the ratio of the amount of cDNA for matrix metalloproteinase-2 to that for its tissue inhibitor were calculated, and the results were compared with use of the Student t test, enabling log-rank analysis of Kaplan-Meier survival curves. These ratios as well as the age and gender of the patient; the grade, size, and location of the tumor; the type of adjuvant therapy; and the operative margins were examined for significance with use of stepwise logistic-regression analysis. The patients who had recurrent disease had a significantly higher (p < 0.003) ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-1 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (mean, 0.939; range, 0.647 to 1.101) than the patients who were free of disease (mean, 0.703; range, 0.629 to 0.772). Moreover, there was a striking difference between the Kaplan-Meier survival curve associated with a high ratio (more than 0.8) and that associated with a low ratio (p = 0.0015). The mean ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-2 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 was 1.814 (range, 1.206 to 3.77) in the patients who had recurrent disease compared with 1.473 (range, 1.073 to 2.390) in those who were free of disease; this difference was not found to be significant, with the numbers available. Analysis of the survival curves indicated that a worse prognosis was associated with a high ratio, but again this relationship was not found to be significant. Regression analysis revealed that a high ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-1 to its tissue inhibitor was a moderately significant independent predictor of a poor outcome (alpha = 0.07).
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PMID:Association between ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-1 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and local recurrence, metastasis, and survival in human chondrosarcoma. 1039 54

Chondrosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumour which only exceptionally metastasises to the heart. We report a case of chondrosarcoma with left intracavitary cardiac metastasis discovered following abnormal cardiac auscultation. To our knowledge, only 21 cases have been described in the literature. A lesion of the right atrium is the most frequent event. The major risk of these tumours is their emboligenic properties: pulmonary embolism for metastases of the right heart, systemic embolism for metastases of the left heart. Echocardiography establishes the diagnosis by specifying the site and extent of the tumour. CT scan allows local assessment of the lesions. The course is fatal, although surgery has been able to increase survival of patients with isolated cardiac mestastases.
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PMID:[Cardiac metastasis of chondrosarcoma: a case report]. 977 43

This paper presents a review of the experience of 12 patients with chondrosarcoma of the larynx treated at The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, over the last 24 years. This represents the largest European series and the third largest in the world. Chondrosarcoma is the most frequent non-epithelial malignant tumor of the larynx, with 83.3% of cases arising from the cricoid cartilage in our series. We have shown that deep wedge biopsy with a CO2 laser, aided by computerized tomography scanning, gives the most reliable diagnosis. Laryngeal chondrosarcoma is characterized by indolent growth, a potential for local recurrence and, infrequently, by metastases. The treatment details of our patients are discussed. Adequate partial resection is often successful and use of CO2 laser as the initial treatment in five of these cases is presented.
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PMID:Laryngeal chondrosarcoma: a 24-year experience at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital. 1109 43

Chondrosarcoma is the most frequent mesenchymal tumor (nonepithelial) of the larynx. Radiographic studies and collaboration of pathologists have allowed that the number of cases diagnosed has increased considerably in the last few years. His privileged site is the subglotics. The late apparition of the symptoms delay the diagnosis, which is guided by CT scan and will be confirmed by histological examination of the surgical piece. The histological distinction between the different degrees of malignancy constitutes one challenge for the pathologist, so far, various criteria have been described for that aim. This biological behaviour is characterized by locoregional recurrence, in direct correlation with the grade of dedifferentiation. The treatment of choice is conservative surgical resection, and a regular follow up is obliged for early detection of recurrences and metastases. A case treated in our Center is presented, and the conclusions obtained after a literature review of the subject.
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PMID:[Crico-tracheal chondrosarcoma]. 1169 51

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignancy of bone. Cytogenetic data are available from close to 100 cases, including all subtypes of chondrosarcoma. Specific chromosomal rearrangements have been identified only in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC). Strong prognostic factors are largely missing, although size and, in particular, histologic tumor grade have been implicated. In the present study, we investigated the genomic aberrations in 59 chondrosarcomas (six grade 1, 24 grade 2, and 29 grade 3, including dedifferentiated tumors), excluding EMC, by chromosome banding analysis and DNA flow cytometry and correlated the findings with clinical outcome. Hyperhaploid to near-diploid karyotypes were found in half of the cases, and there was a good correlation between cytogenetics and flow cytometry data; discrepancies were seen primarily in cases with normal karyotypes and in those with -Y as the sole anomaly. Abnormal karyotypes, excluding those with -Y as the only change, were found in 36 cases. No recurrent structural aberration was found, but a nonrandom pattern of aberrations was seen. Total or partial gains and losses were the dominant karyotypic features. Genomic imbalances found in at least 10 cases included -1p36, -1p13-p22, -4, -5q13-q31, -6q22-qter, +7p13-pter, -9p22-pter, -10p, -10q24-qter, -11p13-pter, -11q25, +12q15-qter, -13q21-qter, -14q24-qter, -18p, -18q22-qter, +19, +20pter-q11, +21q, and -22q13. At the latest follow-up, 19 patients had experienced distant metastases, and the 5-year metastasis-free survival rate was 0.69. By univariate analysis, malignancy grade and loss of material from 6q, 10p, 11p or 11q, 13q, and 22q were associated with impaired metastasis-free survival. Only -13q was an independent prognostic factor for metastasis, regardless of tumor grade or size.
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PMID:Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic impact in chondrosarcoma. 1179 45

Metastasis to the penis is an unusual event. Bladder and prostate tumors are the main sources of penile metastasis. Other sites include the rectosigmoid, kidney, and, less frequently, the pancreas, liver, nasopharynx, and lung. Other sources include malignant melanoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. The differential diagnosis includes idiopathic priapism, venereal or infectious disease, tuberculosis, Peyronie's disease, and primary penile tumor. Chondrosarcoma of the jaw is responsible for 10% of all chondrosarcomas that originate with craniofacial bones. Its behavior is usually characterized by local aggression; however, distant metastasis is uncommon. We report a case of chondrosarcoma of the jaw with penile metastasis. This is the first case described in published medical reports.
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PMID:Penile metastasis of chondrosarcoma of the jaw. 1267 May 83

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant disease of cartilage. Systemic embolisation usually arises from cancerous invasion of pulmonary vessels or the left atrium but cerebral embolisation or ischaemia is rarely recognised. We report a man with left leg amputation for tibial myxoid chondrosarcoma who suffered multiple cerebral embolisms one year later. Cerebral angiography and aortogram did not reveal luminal stenosis and a cardiac survey was normal. Lupus anticoagulant (LAC) and a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time were detected. A molecular mimicry between prothrombin and paracrine hormones may have accounted for his LAC. A procoagulant autoantibody reacting against metastatic cancer cells may contribute to cancerous thrombosis, such as in chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:Chondrosarcoma, lupus anticoagulant and cerebral ischaemia. 1585 Oct 89

Chondrosarcoma of the head and neck region is a rare disease, representing approximately 0.1% of all head and neck neoplasms. The 5-year survival rate of chondrosarcoma is 70-80%, showing relatively good prognosis; however, it is known to progress slowly and eventually cause multiple metastases. In this study, we reviewed chondrosarcoma cases experienced at Yonsei University Medical College during the last 15 years to investigate its clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. The medical records of 8 patients who were diagnosed with chondrosarcoma of the head and neck region and underwent surgical treatment between December 1990 and December 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary sites were sinus, mastoid, jugular foramen and thyroid cartilage. In all patients, the initial treatment modality was surgery, and postoperative radiation therapy was performed in 4 cases. The pathological findings showed chondrosarcoma in 7 cases and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in 1 case. The treatment outcome resulted in 3 cases of recurrence, of which 2 cases were treated successfully and the other case expired of disease, indicating a survival rate of 87.5%. In the case that resulted in death, complete excision could not be achieved. Therefore, we concluded that wide excision is a beneficial initial treatment of this rare disease.
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PMID:Chondrosarcoma of the head and neck. 1586 95

Chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus was diagnosed in a four-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat that was presented with a slowly growing solid mass in the region of the proximal humerus. Forequarter amputation was advised, but declined by the owners. Following surgical debulking clinical signs resolved, but two months after surgery the cat was readmitted because the mass had recurred in the same region. The forequarter was amputated. Histopathological evaluation of the tumour confirmed the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. Follow-up examinations performed over a period of 15 months from initial presentation revealed that the cat was doing well and had no signs of metastatic disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus in a cat to be diagnosed and surgically treated. This case demonstrates that animals with such tumours may recover well after complete excision.
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PMID:Chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus in a cat. 1616 98

Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary malignancy of bone, affecting primarily the pelvic and shoulder girdles and being extremely rare in the spine. Herein, we present a case of a 65-year-old woman with a rare chondrosarcoma of the spine, who presented with clinical symptoms from the lung metastasis. The neoplasm was grade II and exhibited overexpression of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The latter has been associated with a high propensity for distant metastases.
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PMID:Chondrosarcoma of the spine: a rare case with unusual presentation. 1707 93


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