Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare low-grade soft tissue sarcoma that has been reported to have an indolent nature history, and relatively good prognosis. The majority of primary tumors are located in the extremities and they tend to be bulky at presentation. Studies with long-term follow-up have revealed the development of distant metastases in virtually all patients, eventually resulting in death. We reviewed our experience with EMC over the last three decades. The patient population was identified through a search of the database maintained by the Departments of Patient Studies, Pathology, and Melanoma-Sarcoma Medical Oncology. Eleven patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of EMC were identified. The median age was 59 (37-81 years), and there were nine males and two females. Nine patients had an extremity location and the remaining two had a chest wall and abdominal wall primary, respectively. The median size of the primary tumor was 10 cm (range: 4-17 cm) in maximum dimension. Ten of the eleven patients received chemotherapy, mainly with doxorubicin- and dacarbazine-based regimens. One patient is currently on beta-interferon. No objective responses were noted, to a median of 4 (2-6) cycles of chemotherapy. Three patients were treated with ifosfamide as a second-line chemotherapy without any benefit. Three patients have expired, two patients are alive with no evidence of disease, and six patients are alive with disease. The median follow-up is 5 years (range: 1.33-17 years) from diagnosis. Although small numbers preclude adequate assessment, there is no evidence of efficacy of standard soft-tissue sarcoma chemotherapy in patients with EMC.
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PMID:Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Long-term experience with chemotherapy. 790 Jul 8

Sarcoma metastatic to the brain is uncommon and rarely occurs as the initial manifestation of tumor. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma, a rare but well studied subtype of a soft tissue sarcoma with a propensity for central nervous system invasion, presenting with brain metastases, has been reported only once previously. We report the case of a 28-year-old man who presented with partial seizures and who was found to have a homogeneously enhancing frontal lesion on a broad dural base disclosed by computed tomography. preoperatively, the lesion was thought to be a meningioma. The tumor was excised easily and had features typical of an alveolar soft-part sarcoma, which were revealed by light and electron microscopy as well as immunohistochemical analysis. Multiple lung nodules compatible with metastases were found on a chest film. Meningeal dissemination has been reported in a variety of sarcoma types, including rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. We add alveolar soft-part sarcoma to this list and suggest that increased recognition of the propensity for these tumors to exhibit metastatic spread to the dura should eliminate diagnostic confusion and provide an earlier diagnosis of these rare lesions. The patterns of spread in metastatic sarcoma deserve further study.
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PMID:Metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma presenting as a dural-based cerebral mass. 812 54

Metastases develop in 50-60% of patients with high grade soft tissue sarcomas despite primary treatment. Between 1970 and 1990, 189 patients with soft tissue sarcoma referred to the Royal Marsden Hospital Sarcoma Unit developed lung metastases as the sole first site of disseminated disease. 44 of these 189 cases have been treated by pulmonary metastasectomy. In an attempt to determine which patients benefit from this surgery the medical records, radiology and pathology of these cases have been reviewed. Both the overall 5 year survival (70% vs 19%) and the subsequent survival from the time lung metastases developed (52% vs 7.5%) of those selected for thoracotomy were better than in the 145 patients not undergoing surgery. On multivariate analysis, survival and control of lung disease following resection were not related to the number of metastases resected, completeness of excision, use of adjuvant chemotherapy or presence of bilateral disease. The most important factor was the use of lung resection itself as treatment, for which the risk of death was 0.2 compared with those not having metastasectomy. Age less than 40 years and primary tumour in a lower limb site were also factors associated with a reduced risk of death. Pulmonary metastasectomy should be considered in selected patients with soft tissue sarcoma after primary local cure. However, without collection of prospective data on all patients developing lung metastases or a randomized trial the true role of lung metatasectomy will never be clarified.
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PMID:Lung metastasectomy in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. 813 Sep 72

After latent periods lasting from 7 to 23 years, sarcomas of the calvaria developed in four patients who had received radiation therapy for a brain tumor. There was no evidence of bony disease before radiation therapy, and the sarcoma (two fibrosarcomas and two osteosarcomas) developed in the field of radiation in all four patients. One of these four died during resection of the tumor, two survived for either 7 or 21 months after diagnosis of the sarcoma, and one was alive at 23 months after the clinical appearance of the sarcoma. The latter patient has had two resections and extensive chemotherapy. Distant metastases were not present in any of the patients. Sarcoma of the calvarial bones is a serious but rare remote effect of radiation therapy for brain tumors.
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PMID:Sarcomas of calvarial bones: rare remote effect of radiation therapy for brain tumors. 819 Feb 95

To determine the clinical presentation of patients with malignancies metastatic to the lung, the diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB), and the primary site of malignancies metastasizing endobronchially, we retrospectively reviewed 1,853 FB records (1987 to 1991) and selected 111 cases for review. Cases were divided on the basis of FB findings into abnormal (44 patients) and normal (67 patients). Pulmonary symptoms (cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain) prompted referral significantly more often in the abnormal FB group (34/44) than in the normal FB group (24/67). The finding of atelectasis on chest radiograph occurred more frequently in patients with endobronchial abnormalities. The spectrum of extrapulmonary malignancies that metastasize endobronchially has changed during the AIDS epidemic. Our study shows the most frequent causes of endobronchial mass lesions were Kaposi's sarcoma and the lymphoma group (Hodgkin's disease, nonHodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and the most common malignancies causing submucosal metastases were breast and the lymphoma group. In summary, the highest yield from FB can be expected in patients experiencing symptoms of cough or hemoptysis and/or having radiographic evidence of atelectasis. We propose a new mnemonic "KLAS" (Kaposi's sarcoma, Lymphoma, Adenocarcinoma, Sarcoma) to describe the malignancies most likely to metastasize endobronchially in the 1990s.
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PMID:Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of carcinoma metastatic to the lung. 830 46

Externalization of the visceral yolk sac, after fetectomy, induces the development of extra-embryonal fetal tumors in rodents. These tumors are either benign teratomas that appear 3 to 4 weeks after the displacement of the yolk sac or malignant tumors, i.e. yolk sac carcinomas. The latter appear 4 to 8 months after the surgery. If however, Mouse Sarcoma Virus (MSV) is injected in the placentas at the time of fetectomy (day 12 of pregnancy) the malignant tumors develop much earlier (2 to 3 months after surgery) and some display characteristics of embryonal carcinoma. Whether virus induced or not, the yolk sac carcinomas that develop from the displaced visceral yolk sac possess the same morphological and biological characteristics. They are composed of both parietal and visceral yolk sac structures and sometimes trophoblast. The tumors metastasize, grow in ascites form and kill their host. They are readily transplantable in syngeneic rats and grow in tissue culture as an epithelial-like sheet of cells. On the other hand, the benign teratomas are composed of various well differentiated adult tissues. In these tissues, derivatives of all three germ layers are observed. Numerous experiments prove that the stem cells for these various adult tissues are not germ cells. Instead the stem cells are multipotential cells that arise in the displaced yolk sac by a process of dedifferentiation. These poorly differentiated cells originate from the endoderm of the displaced visceral yolk sac. By redifferentiation they give rise to the various adult tissues characteristic for benign teratomas. The multipotential poorly differentiated cells are also likely to be the target cells for malignant transformation. Malignant transformation of these cells, whether induced by a virus or spontaneously occurring in the displaced yolk sac, leads not only to the development of yolk sac carcinomas and eventually embryonal carcinoma but also, although rarely, to choriocarcinoma. The latter tumor is transplantable in allogeneic hosts. It is hormonally active since it secretes lactogen and progesterone. The extra-embryonal fetal tumors and in particular the rat yolk sac carcinomas and choriocarcinoma proved to be a good source for the detection of oncofetal antigens. At least two different oncofetal endodermal antigens were detected with monoclonal antibodies (mab) made after immunization with yolk sac carcinoma. Another mab, made against choriocarcinoma, was found to react specifically with the cytotrophoblast both in the normal placenta and in the tumor. No other placental cells showed a positive reaction.
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PMID:Visceral yolk sac-derived tumors. 838 75

Myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an intermediate grade tumor with a definite metastatic potential but a relatively indolent natural history compared to the pleiomorphic variant of MFH. Little is known about its sensitivity to chemotherapy. We reviewed our experience with chemotherapy in myxoid MFH between 1986 and 1992. The patient population was identified through a search of the database maintained by the Departments of Melanoma-Sarcoma Medical Oncology and Pathology: 55 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of myxoid MFH were identified. Chemotherapy was administered to 18 of these patients (10 females, 8 males). The median age was 65 (range: 30-76). Ten patients had an extremity primary, seven had a trunk or retroperitoneal primary, and one patient had head and neck as the site of primary tumor. The median size of the primary tumor was 11 cm (range: 5-23 cm) in maximum dimension. Seven patients received chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, eight received it for recurrent or metastatic disease, and three received it postoperatively after complete resection of the tumor. All patients received doxorubicin and dacarbazine with or without cyclophosphamide. Of the 15 patients evaluable for response, 4 achieved an objective response (one CR, 3 PRs, RR = 27%) to a median of 3 cycles (range: 1-7 cycles). At the time of last follow-up, eight patients are alive with no evidence of disease, two patients are alive with disease, and eight patients have expired. The median follow-up is 51 months (range: 26-216 months) from diagnosis. The relatively small sample precludes any definitive conclusions; however, it seems that doxorubicin- and dacarbazine-based chemotherapy has modest activity in myxoid MFH.
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PMID:Myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: experience with chemotherapy. 852 98

There is a clear-cut cause-effect relationship between vascularization of a given tumor and its capacity to disseminate and metastasize. Hence, it is very important to study the contribution of the two main factors determining the generation of new blood vessels namely the tumor and the host where it grows. The influence of the tumor-host interaction on the induction of angiogenesis was studied in a tumor model-system composed by two lines of rats selected for resistance or susceptibility to a sarcoma (S-E100) and two transplantable tumors: Sarcoma E 100 and Lymphoma TACB. One line is resistant to the sarcoma but susceptible to the lymphoma while the other line behaves in the opposite way. Studying the angiogenesis generated by the s.c. implantation of each tumor in two different hosts we found that the same tumor induced different angiogenic responses according to the host in which it is growing and that the same host shows a different response according to the tumor with which it is challenged, suggesting that tumor-host interactions determine the intensity of the neovascularization process.
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PMID:Angiogenesis induced by tumor-host interaction in the rat. 938 97

A report on the long-term follow up of the first cooperative Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study in Ewing's sarcoma of bone is presented. Fifty-two previously untreated patients entered the study between 1984 and 1990. Half of the tumors were located in the extremities and one quarter in the pelvis. The combined modality treatment consisted of 5 cycles of chemotherapy--including vincristine, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin and dactinomycin. The first two cycles were followed by local resection or amputation in 35 patients and by radiotherapy alone in 17 patients. When surgery was not performed, was incomplete or yielded poor margins radiotherapy was given at a dose of 40-60 Gy. Local tumor relapses developed in 10 patients and in all but one patient were accompanied by metastatic disease. Five patients had metastasis at diagnosis and distant metastases developed after primary treatment in 27 patients after a median of 14 months. The median follow-up time for the 20 surviving patients is 10 years. At 5 years the tumor-related survival was 46% and the metastasis-free survival 43%. Late tumor relapses occurred in 4 patients, which reduced the 10-year tumor related survival to 41% and the metastasis-free survival to 38%. Histopathological tumour response correlated with survival with 5-year metastasis-free survival rates of 73% for the good responders and 35% for the poor responders.
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PMID:Ewing's sarcoma treatment in Scandinavia 1984-1990--ten-year results of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Protocol SSGIV. 974 60

Sarcoma of the larynx are extremely rare neoplasms that account for approximately 1% of all tumors of this organ. Less than 0.1% correspond to chondrosarcomas. Three cases of laryngeal chondromas are described. The patient's age ranged between 65 and 75 years, and all they were men. Two of the tumors arose in the cricoid cartilage, and the other one, in the left wing of the thyroid cartilage. Two of the cases corresponded to high-grade, indifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Two of the patients were alive and free of recurrence of metastases 5 years after surgery.
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PMID:[Our experience in chondrosarcoma. Three case reports]. 1039 82


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