Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histogenesis of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma has remained controversial despite extensive studies by many investigators. The availability of an antibody to thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), which is expressed in type II pneumocytes and Clara cells, has prompted us to readdress this issue. Sixteen cases were immunostained with a panel of antibodies including TTF-1. The patients were predominantly women with an age range of 30 to 73 years (mean, 52 yrs). All tumors were solitary. The single male patient showed regional lymph node metastases, an unusual occurrence reported only once in the literature. All cases exhibited the classic histologic features, with variegated patterns. TTF-1 expression was observed in both the surface lining cells and the pale polygonal cells. The surface lining cells were epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)+ cytokeratin+ surfactant apoprotein A+, whereas the polygonal cells were EMA+ cytokeratin- surfactant apoprotein A-. The neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin and chromogranin were both negative. The metastatic deposits in the lymph nodes comprised only polygonal cells and exhibited an EMA+ cytokeratin- surfactant apoprotein A- TTF- 1+ immunophenotype. These results suggest that pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma is an epithelial neoplasm derived from primitive respiratory epithelium or incompletely differentiated type II pneumocyte or Clara cell.
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PMID:Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma consistently expresses thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1): a new clue to its histogenesis. 1107 55

We describe a 35-year-old woman who presented with diabetes insipidus caused by metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid involving the pituitary gland, 25 years after treatment for a papillary carcinoma of thyroid and 17 years after treatment for multiple pulmonary metastases. The literature contains 10 previously described cases of metastatic thyroid carcinoma involving the sella, but only 2 of these cases had unequivocal metastases to the pituitary gland, making the present case, to our knowledge, the third reported case of unequivocal hematogenous metastasis of thyroid carcinoma to the pituitary gland. The pituitary tumor was removed by transsphenoidal surgery, and the tissue was examined by conventional histology, extensive immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The findings confirmed the tumor to be papillary thyroid carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report citing use of thyroid transcription factor-1 to establish a thyroid source of a pituitary metastasis.
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PMID:Papillary carcinoma of thyroid metastatic to the pituitary gland. 1141 81

Immunohistochemical studies on metastatic carcinomas of unknown primary site are cost-effective and often allow a specific identification of the tumour origin, especially if the metastases are adenocarcinomas by light microscopy. Commercially available site-specific markers include prostate-specific antigen, thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor-1, uroplakin III, GCDFP-15, oestrogen and progesterone receptors, alpha-fetoprotein, the A103 monoclonal antibody against MART-1, cytokeratins 7 and 20, cytokeratins of basal cell type, p63, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA125, EMA, vimentin, HepPar-1, WT-1 and S100 protein. However, immunostaining with most of these markers does not show an absolute specificity for a certain primary site. For this reason, histopathologists interpretating staining results with these markers should take the available clinical data and the histological features of the metastatic carcinoma into consideration. These data are necessary to estimate the relative a priori probability of possible carcinomas. Based on Bayes' theorem, the a priori probability can then be used to calculate the diagnostically relevant predictive values for immunostaining results with the chosen markers.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical diagnosis in cancer metastasis of unknown primary tumor]. 1208 86

Immunohistochemistry for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), thyroglobulin, and calcitonin was done in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic canine thyroid glands that had been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Prolonged fixation did not significantly alter the immunostaining for TTF-1. Staining for TTF-1 was always nuclear and usually strong. One of two C-cell adenomas, five of five follicular cell adenomas, 5 of 11 C-cell carcinomas, 38 of 42 follicular cell carcinomas, two of five cases of C-cell hyperplasia, two of two cases of follicular epithelial hyperplasia, one of two metastatic C-cell carcinomas, and three of four metastatic follicular carcinomas were positive for TTF-1. One follicular carcinoma that was positive for TTF-1 was negative for thyroglobulin. Thirty-nine of 42 follicular cell carcinomas were positive for thyroglobulin, including two cases that were negative for TTF-1. All C-cell lesions were positive for calcitonin. Of a variety of normal canine tissues and 278 nonthyroid tumors, only normal lung (airway and alveolar epithelial cells) and four of five pulmonary carcinomas were positive for TTF-1. TTF-1 is a good marker of thyroid differentiation and can be used in conjunction with thyroglobulin and calcitonin to increase the detection and differentiation of thyroid tumors and their metastases.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of thyroid transcription factor-1, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin in canine normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid gland. 1212 51

A free-ranging, adult, female offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was found freshly dead in 1999 on Ocean Park Beach in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The left-lung and right-lung pleura had multiple white, firm-to-hard nodules with coagulative necrosis. Histologically, the neoplasms were characterized by multiple well-circumscribed, nonencapsulated expansile masses consisting mostly of polygonal cells with fewer circumferential flattened basaloid cells that compressed alveoli, bronchioles, and bronchi. Neoplastic cells stained positive for cytokeratin, with sporadic vimentin staining, and were negative for epithelial membrane antigen, thyroid transcription factor-1, calretinin, and human mesothelial cell antigen. A diagnosis of poorly differentiated pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node and renal metastases was made on the basis of histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining. This is the first documentation of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a dolphin.
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PMID:A poorly differentiated pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). 1266 27

Napsin A is an aspartic proteinase expressed in lung and kidney. We have reported that napsin A is expressed in type II pneumocytes and in adenocarcinomas of the lung. The expression of napsin was examined in 118 lung tissues including 16 metastases by in situ hybridisation. Napsin was expressed in the tumour cell compartment in 33 of 39 adenocarcinomas (84.6%), in two of 11 large cell carcinomas and in one lung metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma. Expression of napsin was found to be associated with a high degree of differentiation in adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed for three proteins currently used as markers for lung adenocarcinoma : surfactant protein-A, surfactant protein-B and thyroid transcription factor-1. Thyroid transcription factor-1 showed the same sensitivity (84.6%) as napsin for adenocarcinoma, whereas surfactant protein-A and surfactant protein-B showed lower sensitivities. Among these markers, napsin showed the highest specificity (94.3%) for adenocarcinoma in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. We conclude that napsin is a promising marker for the diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Aspartic proteinase napsin is a useful marker for diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinoma. 1269 89

Carcinomas with micropapillary features have been described in the breast, urinary bladder, lung, and ovary. They are characterized by the presence of micropapillary tufts in clear spaces. Unequivocal vascular invasion is usually present at the periphery of the tumor. Consequently, these tumors have a high propensity for lymph node metastases and high-stage disease. The metastatic carcinoma can consist exclusively of the micropapillary component, which may elicit an erroneous diagnosis if located in the bladder or lung, as in the patient presented herein. We present a case of a 59-year-old woman with a history of bilateral breast carcinoma status post-bilateral mastectomy, chemotherapy, and tamoxifen therapy. She presented with urinary frequency, and a pelvic mass was noted. A biopsy of the endometrium revealed a poorly differentiated carcinoma. Urinary bladder biopsies showed a carcinoma with micropapillary features diagnosed as micropapillary transitional cell carcinoma. She presented to M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) for further treatment recommendations. The urinary bladder and endometrial biopsies both contained carcinomas with micropapillary features. The mastectomy specimen showed an invasive ductal carcinoma with a significant micropapillary component. The tumor cells from the breast, endometrium, and urinary bladder were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 7 and estrogen receptor and negative for CK20. In view of the morphologic and immunohistochemical profile, the carcinoma in the endometrium and urinary bladder were interpreted as metastatic lesions from the breast primary. Carcinomas with a micropapillary component are morphologically identical in the breast, urinary bladder, and lung. However, micropapillary serous carcinoma has a different appearance more akin to borderline tumors of the ovary. Immunohistochemical stains are useful in distinguishing these lesions in that thyroid transcription factor-1 positivity suggests a lung primary, CK7 and estrogen receptor suggest a breast primary, and both CK7 and CK20 positivity suggest a urinary bladder primary. It is important to exclude metastatic carcinomas with micropapillary features before making a definite diagnosis of a primary tumor. Carcinomas with micropapillary features have a propensity for lymph node metastases and advanced stage disease. This article discusses the differential diagnosis of carcinomas with micropapillary features in different organs.
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PMID:Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast metastatic to the urinary bladder and endometrium: diagnostic pitfalls and review of the literature of tumors with micropapillary features. 1271 37

Undifferentiated salivary gland carcinomas may be divided into small cell and large cell types. Among large cell undifferentiated carcinomas, lymphoepithelial carcinomas have to be distinguished, the latter of which are endemic in the Arctic regions and southern China where virtually all cases of these tumors are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Association with EBV may also be observed in sporadic cases, and detection of EBV gene products may aid their diagnosis. Immunohistology may be employed to resolve the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated salivary gland carcinomas, comprising malignant lymphomas, amelanotic melanomas, Merkel cell carcinomas, and adenoid cystic carcinomas, in particular in small biopsy materials. Because of the rarity of undifferentiated salivary gland carcinomas, the differential diagnosis should always include metastases of undifferentiated carcinomas arising at other primary sites, particularly when expressing the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1).
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PMID:[Undifferentiated salivary gland carcinomas]. 1476 13

Carcinoids of different organs appear morphologically indistinguishable. We studied the usefulness of differential expression of CDX2 and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in 78 gastrointestinal and pulmonary carcinoids and their metastases (n = 10). CDX2 staining of gastric biopsy specimens with neuroendocrine hyperplasia (n = 11) and various gastritides (n = 10) was also performed. All ileal (6/6 [100%]), 6 (86%) of 7 appendiceal, 3 (75%) of 4 duodenal, 1 (50%) of 2 ampullary, 12 (33%) of 18 rectal, 6 (30%) of 20 pancreatic, and 1 (17%) of 6 gastric carcinoids expressed CDX2 with variable intensity; none of the pulmonary carcinoids stained. Of 15 pulmonary carcinoids, 8 (53%) stained with TTF-1, but none of the gastrointestinal carcinoids did. CDX2 and TTF-1 staining profiles of primary and metastatic carcinoids were similar. CDX2+ gastric endocrine cells had a distribution similar to that of gastrin and enterochromaffin cells but not enterochromaffin-like cells. Our results suggest that CDX2 and TTF-1 have high specificity for gastrointestinal and pulmonary carcinoids, respectively.
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PMID:Usefulness of CDX2 and TTF-1 in differentiating gastrointestinal from pulmonary carcinoids. 1571 36

Constitutive expression of human achaete-scute homolog-1 (hASH-1) in combination with simian virus large Tantigen under the Clara cell 10-kDa secretory protein (CC10) promoter results in adenocarcinomas with focal neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation. Mice carrying conditional alleles for both Rb-1 and p53 in lung epithelial cells develop aggressive lung tumors with similarities to human small cell lung cancers, including high level expression of ASH-1, NE markers, and extra-pulmonary metastases. Tumors in both models originate from bronchiolar epithelium, reveal a range of premalignant changes, express thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), a marker of peripheral airway cell lineage, and display varying degrees of bidirectional epithelial/NE differentiation.
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PMID:Mouse lung neuroendocrine carcinomas: distinct morphologies, same transcription factors. 1576 18


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