Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a mesenchyme- or stroma-derived multipotent factor that regulates the growth, motility, and morphogenesis of various types of cells, including cancer cells. We investigated the effect of HGF on human breast cancer cells, and measured the concentration of HGF in the sera of breast cancer patients. When BT-20 cells were stimulated with HGF, the transmigration of cancer cells was markedly accelerated. In a checkboard assay, pronounced chemotaxic locomotion of BT-20 cells is expressed, corresponding to HGF concentrations. HGF treatment of BT-20 cells resulted in enhanced expression of alpha 2, alpha 3 and beta 1 integrin subunits, and augmented the binding activity to immobilized collagen. The c-met protein was expressed on the cancer cells in 48 of the 97 (49.5%) breast cancer primary tumors. In the serum, the advanced and recurrent cancer group showed a high level of this protein in comparison with the other patient groups. The mean value of serum HGF was 0.65 ng/ml in patients with distant metastases and 0.27 ng/ml in those with no such evidence. Thus, the HGF concentration becomes significantly elevated in the sera of patients with distant metastases. These findings suggest that HGF is involved in invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, and that serum HGF is useful as a tumor marker with a close correlation to the metastatic state of breast cancer.
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PMID:Biological and clinical significance of hepatocyte growth factor in breast cancer. 2152 39

Previously, we have described a new modification of affinity chromatography columns for isolation of the cytoplasmic, soluble form of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) from the serum of colon cancer patients (Oncol Rep 2: 679-683, 1995). In this communication, we have shown that the main proteins of these TAA were p64 and p53. The correlation coefficient between each of these proteins and the total amount of TAA or total serum protein ranged from 0.55 to 0.93. The serum level of p53 antigen was shown to be related to the tumorigenicity: the correlation and regression coefficients between the serum level of p53 protein and the progress in colon cancer were 0.48 and 0.88, respectively, p<0.001. Therefore, the determination of serum concentration of this protein can serve as a screening tool for cancer detection. The serum level of p53 protein ranges between 0.24 to 0.94 mg/ml in patients with non cancer diseases, and between 1.0 to 2.0 mg/ml in patients with polyposis and in a high risk group, respectively, increases over 2.0 mg/ml in primary colon cancer patients and up to 5.0 mg/ml in cancer patients with metastases. The sensitivity and specificity of our method achieved 92% and 96%, respectively, and accuracy 88%. The presence of p53 protein in the cytoplasm of cells from patients with non cancer diseases may explain why p53 antigen is presented in their sera. Our method can be useful to detect cancer development either as a primary illness or as a recurrent disorder. It is possible to follow up patients with chronic diseases and to detect transformation of these diseases into cancer, or to follow up former cancer patients in order to detect as early as possible incidence of recurrent cancer. It should also be emphasized that our method allows the detection of patients with polyposis or those of high risk groups who exhibit a tendency to develop colon cancer.
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PMID:HPLC determination of serum levels of soluble p53 antigen as a new method for colon cancer detection, and its clinical implication. 2154 91

In the management of large number of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, the radioactive iodine (131-I) administration plays an important role. The guidelines of numerous international and national medical societies regarding the issue of postoperative 131-I administration have been published and updated in the last few years. The guidelines differ in the shape and content, and contain some specific features. The different methods for evaluation and analysis of clinical evidence level and resulting grades of recommendations have been used in line with the very guidelines. The postoperative 131-I administration refers to the radioiodine ablation as a form of adjuvant treatment and radioiodine therapy in the management of patients with recurrent cancer, persistent disease and regional or distant metastases. According to the indications for the postoperative 131-I administration, the patients could be divided into the three risk groups: the very low risk group in which there is no indication for the postoperative 131-I administration, the low risk group in which the indication could be considered, and the high risk group in which there is a clear indication for the 131-I administration. The different criteria for distribution of patients into these three groups are expressed in a certain guidelines. There are different opinions about the necessary dosage of 131-I for the efficient ablation in the low risk group. Moreover, the opinions are also divided regarding the conduction of postoperative (preablative or pretherapeutic) scintigraphy with 131-I. As regards the instructions on preparation of patients for the radioiodine ablation and therapy, all the guidelines recommend the low iodine diet and endogenous or exogenous stimulation of TSH. The endogenous stimulation is accomplished by the withdrawal of thyroid hormones, whereas the recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) is used for exogenous stimulation. For conducting the therapy with 131-I the level of TSH has to be > 25-30 mU/L.
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PMID:Postoperative use of radioiodine (131-I): review of recommendations and guidelines. 2175 35

Flow cytometry (FCM) is an established ancillary technique applied to the diagnosis of hematological malignancies and for measurement of DNA content. In recent years, the number of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies available for immunofluorescence and FCM has greatly increased, making it possible to evaluate this technique in other diagnostic contexts, as well as to study a range of biological processes. Serous effusions are optimal for studies using FCM as they consist of viable cells in suspension. Molecules that have been studied for their expression and clinical role in effusions in recent years participate in central cellular functions, including adhesion, proliferation, cellular metabolism, and apoptosis, as well as intracellular signaling. FCM can further be applied to quantitative analysis of molecules related to chemotherapy response, which, together with apoptosis, may represent an important tool for evaluating treatment response and prognosis in advanced and/or recurrent cancer. As targeted therapy assumes an ever-growing role in the treatment of metastatic cancer, the ability to study living cells in effusions or fine-needle aspirates is becoming more important. This article reviews the currently available data in this area of cytopathology.
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PMID:The diagnostic and research applications of flow cytometry in cytopathology. 2261 27

Total pelvic exenteration (PE) is a radical operation, involving en bloc resection of pelvic organs, including reproductive structures, bladder, and rectosigmoid. In gynecologic oncology, it is most commonly indicated for the treatment of advanced primary or locally recurrent cancer. Careful patient selection and counseling are of paramount importance when considering someone for PE. Part of the evaluation process includes comprehensive assessment to exclude unresectable or metastatic disease. PE can be curative for carefully selected patients with gynecologic cancers. Major complications can be seen in as many as 50% of patients undergoing PE, underscoring the need to carefully discuss risks and benefits of this procedure with patients considering exenterative surgery.
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PMID:Total pelvic exenteration for gynecologic malignancies. 2272 Jan 50

In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the oncological and functional outcomes of transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery (TOVS). Using distending laryngoscope and videolaryngoscope, wide operative field and working space could be obtained and tumor could be resected in en bloc. Sixty patients with T1, T2, and selected T3 laryngeal or pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (Stage I: n = 17, Stage II: n = 16, Stage III: n = 7, Stage IV: n = 20 cases) were enrolled and followed up for at least 24 months or until the patient's death. Fifty-three patients underwent initial treatment, and seven patients had recurrent cancer after chemoradiation. In principle, node-positive patients underwent a simultaneous neck dissection. Patients with multiple nodal metastases or a positive surgical margin received postoperative radiotherapy. For initial treatment, the 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 77 and 95 %, respectively. For supraglottic and hypopharyngeal cancers, the 5-year laryngeal preservation rates were 89 and 96 %, respectively. For salvage surgery, the overall survival, disease-specific survival, and laryngeal preservation rates were 75, 75, and 80 %, respectively. The median times before patients could resume eating and swallowing a soft diet were 6 and 9 days, respectively. The patients' Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale stages were 0-2 in 93.3 % of the cases and 3 or 4 in 6.7 % of the cases. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was indicated for 1 (1.7 %) patient. Four (6.7 %) patients received transient tracheostomy. TOVS is a satisfactory and minimally invasive treatment option for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers.
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PMID:Transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery for oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and supraglottic cancer. 2615 29

We treated 1,939 patients with advanced or recurrent cancer using hyperthermia and or immunotherapy between July 2005 and November 2013. Standard therapy showed no effect or was refused by these patients. There were 309(15.9%)patients who experienced a clinical benefit(complete response[CR], partial response[PR], and long-term stable disease[SD], >6 months), including 52 CR cases. The effective rate of immunotherapy increased from 9.9%to 19.1%using hyperthermia. The effective rate for patients with hyperthermia-alone was 3.6%, and skin and regional lymph node metastases disappeared. Immunotherapy alone was effective for liver or lung metastases. Combined hyperthermia and immunotherapy had a beneficial effect on multiple metastases observed in important plural solid organs. Ovarian cancer had the highest effective rate (25.0%), followed by prostate cancer.
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PMID:[The effect of immunotherapy and hyperthermia on patients with advanced or recurrent cancer - analyses by cancer type and recurrence form]. 2533 11

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with a favourable prognosis, although approximately 20-25% of patients ultimately develop recurrent cancer. Most disease recurrence events appear within 3 years; however, long-term follow-up of reported studies are limited, and the risk of late recurrence is unknown. We present a case report of a patient who developed distant metastases of HPV-related SCC 11 years after initial diagnosis and treatment of HPV-related OPSCC. Late disease recurrence may occur after initial diagnosis of HPV-related OPSCC. This observation has implications on the appropriate duration of follow-up and surveillance of these patients.
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PMID:Metastasis occurring eleven years after diagnosis of human papilloma virus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. 2543 8

Partial or even complete cancer regression can be achieved in some patients with current cancer treatments. However, such initial responses are almost always followed by relapse, with the recurrent cancer being resistant to further treatments. The discovery of therapeutic approaches that counteract relapse is, therefore, essential for advancing cancer medicine. Cancer cells are extremely heterogeneous, even in each individual patient, in terms of their malignant potential, drug sensitivity, and their potential to metastasize and cause relapse. Indeed, hypermalignant cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells or stemness-high cancer cells, that are highly tumorigenic and metastatic have been isolated from cancer patients with a variety of tumor types. Moreover, such stemness-high cancer cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation. Here we show that BBI608, a small molecule identified by its ability to inhibit gene transcription driven by Stat3 and cancer stemness properties, can inhibit stemness gene expression and block spherogenesis of or kill stemness-high cancer cells isolated from a variety of cancer types. Moreover, cancer relapse and metastasis were effectively blocked by BBI608 in mice. These data demonstrate targeting cancer stemness as a novel approach to develop the next generation of cancer therapeutics to suppress cancer relapse and metastasis.
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PMID:Suppression of cancer relapse and metastasis by inhibiting cancer stemness. 2572 38

Patients with many types of malignancy commonly harbor quiescent disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. These cells frequently resist chemotherapy and may persist for years before proliferating as recurrent metastases. To test for compounds that eliminate quiescent cancer cells, we established a new 384-well 3D spheroid model in which small numbers of cancer cells reversibly arrest in G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle when cultured with bone marrow stromal cells. Using dual-color bioluminescence imaging to selectively quantify viability of cancer and stromal cells in the same spheroid, we identified single compounds and combination treatments that preferentially eliminated quiescent breast cancer cells but not stromal cells. A treatment combination effective against malignant cells in spheroids also eliminated breast cancer cells from bone marrow in a mouse xenograft model. This research establishes a novel screening platform for therapies that selectively target quiescent tumor cells, facilitating identification of new drugs to prevent recurrent cancer.
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PMID:Modeling selective elimination of quiescent cancer cells from bone marrow. 2640 55


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