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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent reports indicate that a wide range of mammalian cells exhibit chemotactic behavior. Unlike the neutrophil, which has been most extensively studied, many of these cells are capable of cell division and passage in vivo and in tissue culture. In this paper we describe studies on the Walker carcinosarcoma 256, a rat mammary tumor which exhibits chemotactic responses to factors in the media of cultured resorbing bone and to a factor generated by proteolysis of the fifth component of serum complement (C5). We demonstrate here that long-term passage in vitro, passage in vivo, the phase of growth, and the heterogeneous nature of this tumor can have a significant effect on the chemotactic behavior of Walker carcinosarcoma cells.
Invasion Metastasis 1984
PMID:Effects of passage, growth phase, and heterogeneity of a tumor cell population on tumor cell chemotaxis. 653 92

The metastatic TS/A line has been recently derived from a spontaneous BALB/c mammary tumor. When TS/A cells were cultured in 0.33 per cent agar, two morphologically distinct types of colonies were observed from which two sets of clones were obtained. E clones were derived from small, transparent colonies, whereas F clones were from large, thick, actively growing colonies. All the clones were tumorigenic in syngeneic BALB/c females. However, E clones showed higher ability than F clones to metastasize spontaneously to the lung. Comparison between E and F clones shows that the high level of spontaneous metastasization to the lung is associated with epithelial-like in vitro growth pattern, spontaneous dome formation and growth pattern in 0.33 per cent agar cultures. The ability to give rise to lung colonies following intravenous inoculation is not a predictive parameter for the spontaneous metastatic potential.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:High-metastatic clones selected in vitro from a recent spontaneous BALB/c mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. 654 3

A metastasizing mouse cell line (TS/A), originated from a mammary adenocarcinoma which arose spontaneously in a BALB/c female retired breeder, has been established in vitro. It displayed a remarkable morphologic heterogeneity, which is evident in plastic adherent cultures (cell types ranging from epithelial-like to fibroblast-like) as well as in semi-solid agar cultures. The TS/A line exhibited the presence of specific cytoplasmic estradiol receptor, with a binding activity of 16 fmoles/mg cytosol protein. The in vivo growth pattern was as follows: a s.c. inoculum of 105 cells caused a 100 per cent tumor take and kill in syngeneic animals; mean survival time was 54 +/- 1 days; it did not show significant transplant immunogenicity in syngeneic animals; it was able to give rise to both spontaneous lung metastases and artificial lung colonies; it had a high capacity to grow in H-2 matched, minor histocompatibility antigen incompatible hosts (10(6) cells killed 100 per cent DBA/2 mice in 58 +/- 2 days). This line of spontaneous mammary tumor cells is proposed as a useful model for studies on the heterogeneity of the neoplastic population in relation to metastatic spread, on tumor immunogenicity, and on therapy of mammary neoplasia.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:TS/A: a new metastasizing cell line from a BALB/c spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma. 654 7

Two continuous rat mammary tumor cell lines have been established in culture from the lymphogenously metastasizing rat mammary carcinoma TMT-081 and one from the nonmetastasizing MT-100 and some of their in vitro and in vivo characteristics studied. Cell line TMT-081-MS was established as a free-floating cell suspension from the metastasis-free spleen of a rat bearing TMT-081 in the ascites form and is characterized by a high level of mammary tissue specific antigen (MTA), an antigen present on lactating or hormonally stimulated rat mammary tissues but not detected on normal mammary tissue. This line metastasizes in the syngeneic host but is rejected by the nude mouse without metastases. Cell line TMT-081-NM is a line derived from the ascites of a rat also bearing TMT-081 ascites. Cell line MT-100-TC is a line derived from the ascites of a rat bearing the ascites form of MT-100. Neither TMT-081-NM nor MT-100-TC has ever shown metastases in the syngeneic host but they are lethal; in the nude mice they grow rapidly, are lethal, and sometimes show hematogenous metastases. Both grow in small clusters and show a low level of MTA. These cell lines have been in continuous culture for a year and have proliferated and maintained their individual in vitro and in vivo growth characteristics during more than 100 consecutive subcultivations.
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PMID:Establishment of two nonmetastasizing and one metastasizing rat mammary carcinoma cell lines. 666 51

The frequency of metastasis formed by tumor cells injected into lateral tail veins, mammary fatpads, or the subcutis are described for eight subpopulations of a single, spontaneously arising BALB/cfC3H mouse mammary tumor. These subpopulations display a spectrum of metastatic behavior from all three injection sites. The proportion of animals with metastases does not depend upon the site of primary tumor growth (i.e., mammary fatpad versus subcutis). One subpopulation can grow as lung nodules after intravenous injection but is only poorly metastatic from subcutaneous or fatpad implants. Heterogeneity among the subpopulations in the stability of the metastatic phenotype is evident. Although most of the subpopulations and their clones remained stable for periods of 2-5 years, one subpopulation rapidly lost metastatic ability within 3 months and another gradually became more metastatic over 2 years.
Invasion Metastasis 1983
PMID:Characterization of metastatic heterogeneity among subpopulations of a single mouse mammary tumor: heterogeneity in phenotypic stability. 667 18

Subpopulations isolated from a single mouse mammary tumor differ in ability to metastasize when tested independently in normal, syngeneic mice. The presence of a metastatic subpopulation, however, enabled relatively nonmetastatic subpopulations to metastasize. Tumor subpopulation 67 did not form metastatic nodules after intravenous injection of 3 X 10(6) cells. If injected with 1 X 10(4) cells of the metastatic subpopulation 410.4, colony-forming tumor 67 cells, as well as 410.4 cells, were found in the resulting lung nodules. Mice bearing subcutaneous implants of subpopulation 168 tumors and which were injected intravenously with saline or 1 X 10(4) of subpopulation 168 cells did not develop metastases. The intravenous injection of 1 X 10(4) of subpopulation 410.4 cells into mice bearing subcutaneously subpopulation 168 tumors resulted in lung nodules consisting of colony-forming 168 as well as 410.4 cells. Thus, the simultaneous presence of metastatic and nonmetastatic subpopulations can result in metastatic nodules containing the nonmetastatic subpopulation.
Invasion Metastasis 1983
PMID:Tumor subpopulation interactions in metastasis. 667 28

Rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma mimics human breast cancer in its pathology and pathogenesis. We selected and cloned spontaneously metastasizing variant tumor cell lines that spread from mammary fat pad subcutaneous sites to regional lymph nodes and lung. The biologic properties of these tumor clones changed during propagation in vitro. Examination of cell surface properties of the tumor clones indicated that the quantitative display of particular cell surface glycoproteins correlated with metastatic potential. One of these was a sialogalactoprotein (gp580), which bound 125I-PNA after desialyzation and was expressed in increased amounts on the more metastatic clones. Another was a major sialoglycoprotein (gp80) that was identified by chemical labeling of cell surface sialic acid residues and showed decreased amounts on the more metastatic clones. Comparison of the rat mammary tumor glycoproteins with similar components on metastatic human carcinoma cells indicated close similarities in the WGA-binding glycoproteins expressed on metastatic cells derived from metastases.
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PMID:Cell surface properties of spontaneously metastasizing rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones. 671 40

These studies demonstrated that cells populating spontaneous metastases are, in general, more metastatic than the cells populating the parent neoplasm, thereby providing direct evidence that the process of metastasis is selective and not random. The tumors used in these studies were the UV-2237 fibrosarcoma, an in vitro cloned line (C-40) from the UV-2237 tumor, and the K-1735 melanoma, all of which are syngeneic to the C3H/HeN (mammary tumor virus-negative) mouse strain; the M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL, which are syngeneic to the C57BL/6 mouse strain, were also used. All tumors were implanted sc into the footpads of syngeneic mice, and several resulting spontaneous metastases were isolated and established in culture as individual cell lines. For each tumor system, comparison was made of the ability of parent tumor cells and cells isolated from several spontaneous metastases to produce either experimental or spontaneous metastases. Cells populating spontaneous metastases produced by heterogeneous and poorly metastatic tumors were significantly more metastatic than the cells of their respective parent tumors. In contrast, cells populating metastases produced by previously selected tumors did not differ significantly in metastatic potential from cells populating their parent tumors. In such systems, metastasis appeared to be random.
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PMID:Enhanced metastatic potential of tumor cells harvested from spontaneous metastases of heterogeneous murine tumors. 675 Feb

In many animal models, primary tumor removal produces increased proliferation of cells in metastatic foci. The present investigations using a murine mammary tumor were carried out to determine how a variation in the time interval between primary tumor removal and administration of a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CY) affected labeling indices of residual tumor cells, their growth, and animal survival. The CY (240 mg/kg) had a more favorable effect when given on the day of tumor removal than 3 days after, a time when the labeling index (LI) of metastases was at a peak. It was least effective if given at 7 days following primary tumor excision, when the LI had returned to the preoperative level. The greatest effect occurred when the CY was given prior to operation. It completely prevented the increase in LI resulting from tumor removal, more effectively suppressed the growth of residual tumor, and prolonged survival to a greater extent than was noted under any other circumstance. The interval between tumor removal and administration of a relatively small amount of CY (60 mg/kg) was critical. When given on the day of tumor removal, an increase in LI of the residual focus occurred which was greater than that occurring as a result of tumor removal. When given 3 days after tumor removal, the smaller dose was almost as effective in suppressing LI as was the larger. From a kinetic standpoint, there was no advantage in reducing the tumor burden prior to the use of chemotherapy. The tumor response in this model suggests that, for the most effective control of metastases, the largest tolerable dose of chemotherapy would best be used at the time of or before primary tumor removal. The results provide a biological rationale for the use of perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:Influence of the interval between primary tumor removal and chemotherapy on kinetics and growth of metastases. 683 97

The purpose of these studies was to examine whether the metastatic heterogeneity that is frequently found in serially transplanted neoplasms could be observed in a murine melanoma of recent origin. The primary K-1735 melanoma that arose in an inbred C3H/HeN murine mammary tumor virus-negative (C3H-) mouse was transplanted once into an immunosuppressed recipient and then established in culture. Cells from the fifth in vitro passage were used to produce clones. The parent K-1735 and 22 cloned lines were tumorigenic in syngeneic and outbred N:NIH(S) nude mice. Metastatic properties were assessed by observing the ability of the cells to produce pulmonary and extrapulmonary lesions after they were injected iv into 6-week-old C3H- mice. The number of metastases produced, their relative size, and pigmentation varied dramatically among the clones. Only 2 of 22 clones were indistinguishable from the parent tumor. Most of the nonmetastatic (but tumorigenic clones) were also nonmetastatic in 3-week-old nude mice, which suggests that the absence of metastasis formation was not merely due to their immunologic rejection by the normal C3H- mouse. Control subcloning experiments demonstrated that the procedure of cloning in vitro was not responsible for the variability among the clones. The clones did not differ in their karyotype or cell size, but they did differ in their growth rate in vitro. These phenotypes, however, did not correlate with metastatic propensity. In conclusion, the K-1735, a murine melanoma of most recent origin, is heterogeneous and contains subpopulations of cells with diverse biologic behavior.
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PMID:Demonstration of multiple phenotypic diversity in a murine melanoma of recent origin. 694 60


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