Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ultrasound studies of 59 patients with cancer of the pancreas were reviewed and the findings grouped into two categories: intrapancreatic, which included the appearance of the primary tumor and the pancreatic duct; and extrapancreatic, which included biliary obstruction, hepatic metastases, regional lymph node involvement, ascites, spleen enlargement and invasion, and alteration of the upper abdominal veins. Pancreatic duct dilatation was more evident with smaller tumors of the pancreatic head, while inferior vena cava compression was found not to be a constant finding even with large tumors of the head of the pancreas. Tumor extension to regional lymph nodes was difficult to detect and consequently underestimated. Nonvisualization, occlusion with or without collaterals, and displacement or deformity of the major branches of the portal venous system were detectable sonographically. The liver metastases of pancreatic carcinoma tended to be small and hypoechoic. This is a different pattern from that typically described for other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and, in particular, markedly different and distinguishable from the metastatic pattern seen with malignant pancreatic islet cell tumors. The significance of the intra- and extrapancreatic changes seen sonographically in cancer of the pancreas by ultrasound is discussed in relationship to clinical staging and prognosis.
 ...
PMID:The spectrum of sonographic findings in pancreatic carcinoma. 351 67

Hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (hypo-PNETs) are often misdiagnosed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the treatment options and prognosis of PNETs and PDAC are substantially different. This retrospective study differentiated hypo-PNETs from PDAC using contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT). Clinical data and CE-CT findings, including tumor location, size, boundary, pancreatic duct dilatation, local invasion or metastases, tumor contrast enhancement, and tumor-to-pancreas enhancement ratio, were compared between 39 PDACs and 18 hypo-PNETs. At CT imaging, hypo-PNETs showed a higher frequency of a well-defined margin and lower frequencies of pancreatic duct dilatation and local invasion or metastasis when compared with PDAC (p < 0.05 for all). The mean attenuation of hypo-PNETs at the arterial and portal venous phase was significantly higher than that of PDAC (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Similar results were observed in tumor-to-pancreas enhancement ratio. Tumor attenuation and tumor-to-pancreas enhancement ratio at the arterial phase showed the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.888 and 0.812 with 83.3-88.9% of sensitivity and 61.6-77.0% of specificity. Pancreatic duct dilatation, local invasion or metastasis, and tumor attenuation at the portal venous phase also showed acceptable AUC (0.703-0.748). Thus CE-CT features, especially the enhancement degree at the arterial phases, may be useful for differentiating hypo-PNETs from PDAC using CE-CT.
 ...
PMID:Differentiation of hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. 3070 33