Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of primary ovarian osteosarcoma is reported with a review of the literature. A perimenopausal woman presented with a calcific adnexal mass seen on abdominal radiography, surgical exploration revealed no gross evidence of metastatic disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered due to the reported aggressiveness of this rare tumor. Following eight courses of cisplatin-doxorubicin combination chemotherapy, the patient is without evidence of disease. A differential diagnosis for extensively calcified adnexal masses is provided. Additionally, a rationale for adjuvant chemotherapy is discussed.
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PMID:Pure primary osteosarcoma of the ovary presenting as an extensively calcified adnexal mass: a case report and review of the literature. 225 67

The most important problem in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases is not only to identify its malignant nature but also the degree of aggressiveness since differences in prognosis and therapy exist in cancer as well. A short review of the literature regarding correlations between histologic degree of carcinoma and prognosis is presented. A total of 105 laryngectomy samples are presented taken by bilateral neck dissection following the principles employed for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Reference is made to the following parameters: extension and site of primitive tumor; cellular (WHO), nuclear (Black) and structural (Carlon) gradings; histologic host response as judged by the presence and degree of lymphoid infiltration and fibrous stromal reactions around the primary tumor. Host response was related to structural grading. Regional nodes were studied for metastases. Nodal metastases were related to cellular, nuclear and structural grading. Clinical and statistical analysis proved that Carlon's grading, based on structural organization of the tumor, seen as a manifestation of its cellular cohesiveness, is a more discriminating system of malignancy than the others. The most organoid growth patterns (Structural grades 1 and 2) did not present any node metastases. They can be regarded as manifestations of "low grade malignancy tumors". The least organoid and non organoid growth patterns (Structural grades 3 and 4) showed higher levels of node metastases (Grade 3: 35.2%; Grade 4: 58%; p = 0.01). Necrosis was found only in Grades 3 and 4 and was associated with node metastases in 70%. Structural grading could be the guideline to better management of laryngeal carcinoma in terms of choice of surgical treatment (type of laryngectomy; neck dissection).
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PMID:[Anatomopathologic and clinical correlations of squamous carcinoma of the larynx and the hypopharynx]. 226 Apr 35

A multivariate analysis was performed to assess the effect of post-relapse systemic therapy on a series of patients with metastatic breast cancer who at initial presentation had no detectable metastases (Mo), were less than or equal to 70 years of age, presented with unilateral localized disease and no other associated malignancy, and were treated between 1965 and 1984 with successive protocols for primary disease and subsequently developed distant metastasis. All 760 patients analyzed relapsed with at least one metastasis, and were studied retrospectively with no selection criteria according to any specific protocol. All had recorded clinical data on menopause, stage, clinical tumor aggressiveness (PEV), initial chemo or hormonal therapy, and time to relapse, and had ongoing follow up at our Center, with salvage chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy having been given to some but not all patients. A brief metastasis-free survival (p less than 0.000001), and factors associated with electing pre-relapse chemotherapy (p less than 0.000001) were associated with shortened post-relapse survival, while post-relapse therapy (chemo p less than 0.0001, and hormonal p less than 0.00001, replacing chemotherapy in the model) apparently increased post-relapse survival in the group overall. This result was similar in the inoperable patient group [with inflammatory breast carcinoma an additional risk factor (p less than 0.0005)], as well as the operable group. However, in the operable group, when the pathologic criteria of histologic grade and nodal status were introduced into the analysis, post-relapse therapy was not seen to be an important factor for survival in any subgroup.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Survival effect of systemic therapy on patients developing metastatic breast carcinoma. 232 26

This report adds nine basaloid squamous carcinomas (BSC) of the upper aerodigestive tract to the 11 already recorded in the literature. It includes the first flow cytometric analysis of their DNA content and compares the clinical behavior of BSC with conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An uncommon variant of squamous carcinoma, BSC manifests a predilection for the hypopharynx and base of tongue of men in the sixth decade of life. Histologically, the carcinoma is characterized by a basaloid pattern often in an intimate association with focal squamous differentiation, comedonecrosis, and stromal hyalinization. It is an aggressive neoplasm: seven of the nine patients had metastases to cervical lymph nodes at time of initial surgery and three of the five deaths occurred within 24 months after primary surgery followed by radiotherapy. Its aggressiveness notwithstanding, the biologic course of BSC is similar to that of conventional SCC when clinical stage, site, and treatment are matched. Patients with aneuploid BSC had a better mean survival time (39.5 months) than those with diploid carcinomas (16.3 months). Surgery followed by radiotherapy appears to be the treatment of choice. Because of a high incidence of distant metastases, adjuvant chemotherapy may be warranted.
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PMID:Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Clinicopathologic and DNA flow cytometric analysis. 236 64

Experiments were undertaken to explore whether in vitro exposure of a nonmetastatic murine tumor to chemotherapeutic drugs would affect the ability of this tumor to metastasize spontaneously. The tumor chosen was an aneuploid (near-tetraploid) spontaneously arising intraductal mammary adenocarcinoma (CBA-SP1), which normally fails to give rise to microscopic or macroscopic metastases after s.c. inoculation of cells. The drugs tested were 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dCyd) and hydroxyurea. We found that the injection of 1 X 10(5) uncloned drug-treated cells s.c. resulted in the emergence of gross and/or microscopically detectable metastases in the lungs of CBA mice. Individual clones derived from hydroxyurea-treated cells all produced metastases in a manner similar to the bulk culture injections. Clones of 5-aza-dCyd-treated cells also produced metastases, but fewer of these produced macroscopic metastases. In addition, only 9 of 15 5-aza-dCyd-treated clones produced tumor takes because of the ability of 5-Aza-dCyd to engender Imm+ variants in CBA-SP1 cells. Lung metastases obtained after the injection of uncloned cells retained their metastatic phenotype for three generations, indicating that the phenotypic change was a heritable characteristic. Although the genetic or epigenetic mechanism for this change is unknown, we observed karyotypic changes of a similar nature in the drug-treated cell lines established from micrometastases. These involved the detection of extra copies of chromosome 8. It is possible that exposure of tumors to therapeutic agents may in some cases increase their aggressiveness through genetic or epigenetic mechanisms that lead to high frequency heritable phenotypic alterations associated with distinguishable chromosomal changes.
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PMID:Selection of metastatic variants with identifiable karyotypic changes from a nonmetastatic murine tumor after treatment with 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine or hydroxyurea: implications for the mechanisms of tumor progression. 243 55

In conclusion, while similar histologically, osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma have the potential of being significantly different clinically. Osteoid osteoma tends to be a problem of pain and not of great oncologic significance. Osteoblastoma, on the other hand, has the potential for local bone destruction and aggressiveness as well as the rare occurrence of metastases. For this reason, the latter tumor needs to be respected from an oncologic standpoint and appropriate surgical excision performed.
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PMID:Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma. 266 10

A case of clear cell carcinoma of the larynx with multiple metastases is reported. The histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this tumor are discussed as well as the main differential diagnoses. An origin from sero-mucous glands of the larynx is proposed. A literature review showed that clear cell carcinoma of the larynx is rare and is characterized by extremely high aggressiveness.
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PMID:Clear cell carcinoma of the larynx: immunocytochemical study. 269 55

The DNA Index (DI) and the percentage of cells in S-phase (S-phase fraction, SPF) were measured by flow cytometry in 80 primary breast carcinomas and in 80 accompanying axillary lymph node metastases. The DI in primary tumors and metastases agreed in 61 cases (76%). Cases with diploid primary tumors revealed more constancy of the DI in comparison to the metastases than the cases with aneuploid primary tumors (91% and 70% respectively). The mean values of the SPF were in close agreement in the primary tumors and in the lymph node metastases (6.1% and 6.0% respectively). Differences between the SPF of the two groups could be detected only by the consideration of case-related data pairs. In 50 cases (62%), the percentage of SPF agreed approximately in primary tumors and in the correspondent metastases. The cases with diploid primary tumors revealed more agreement of the SPF in the primary site and the metastases than did cases with aneuploid primary tumors (78% and 56% respectively). In conclusion, diploid carcinomas and their metastases revealed more constancy of the DI and the percentage of SPF than aneuploid carcinomas. These findings agree well with a better prognosis of diploid mammary carcinomas, as reported in the literature. Comparisons between the DI and the SPF in primary tumors and the corresponding metastases could be a source of valuable information on the biological behaviour and the aggressiveness of mammary carcinomas.
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PMID:DNA index and cell cycle analysis of primary breast cancer and synchronous axillary lymph node metastases. 270 25

Between October 1969 and December 1986, 136 patients with recurrent limb melanoma were treated with hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion (HAP). This retrospective analysis is aimed at identifying tumor-related and treatment-related variables likely to influence tumor response, locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Independent factors predicting a complete response (CR) were the number of lesions (P less than 0.0001) and the minimum tumor temperature (minT) (P = 0.03). Only a positive trend was observed for the drug dose (P = 0.08). However, the proportion of CR was significantly higher (57.7%; P = 0.02) in patients who had a minT of 41.5 degrees C or greater and who were given a dose equal to or greater than the standard dose than in patients treated with lower temperatures and/or lower drug doses. The occurrence of a CR significantly increased the rates of locoregional control (77%; P = 0.007), disease-free survival (55.6%; P = 0.006), and overall survival (68.6%; P = 0.03). Treatment optimization may provide further therapeutic improvements by increasing the incidence of CR. However, the overall survival rates also were influenced by the number of lesions (P = 0.0014), sex (P = 0.04), and the number of previous relapses (P = 0.01). Therefore, tumor aggressiveness also is crucial in determining the outcome of the disease, and only early treatment with HAP can reduce the risk of distant metastases.
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PMID:Prognostic variables in recurrent limb melanoma treated with hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion. 272 Jun 4

The sine qua non of malignancy is the ability of tumor cells to migrate and invade surrounding tissue. There are many substances that have been described that enhance cell motility and hyaluronic acid is prominent among these. Hyaluronic acid is a high molecular weight alternating disaccharide polymer found in abundance in extracellular matrices whenever rapid cell proliferation or tissue regeneration and repair occur. It creates a permissive environment for cell motility during embryogenesis, and high levels of hyaluronic acid also correlate with increased tumor cell invasion and aggressiveness. Little is known about the regulation of hyaluronic acid production, either in normal tissue or in malignancy. In this study, we characterize a hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity in fetal calf serum and describe a similar activity in the sera of breast cancer patients. The stimulating activity was measured by placing aliquots of test substance on fibrosarcoma cells. These indicator cells, which synthesize copious quantities of hyaluronic acid, respond to stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The fetal calf serum hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity is maximum early in gestation and then falls rapidly to essentially no activity at term. This activity was partially purified from 120-day fetal calf serum by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity and ion exchange chromatography and is accounted for by a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 150,000 on gel filtration under native conditions. The sera of breast cancer patients with measurable burden of disease also contained hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity, which was not present in normal serum donors or in breast cancer patients without evidence of disease. The production of this stimulating activity may contribute to the development of the malignant phenotype by inducing hyaluronic acid-rich microenvironments that are permissive to tumor cell invasion and metastases.
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid-stimulating activity in sera from the bovine fetus and from breast cancer patients. 273 Nov 71


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