Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors analyzed the relationship between treatment, local recurrence, and metastases in a population-based series of 375 patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and the trunk wall. Treatment was inadequate (marginal excision alone) in 107 patients, local recurrence occurred in 112, and 128 patients developed metastases. Local recurrence was 3.5 times more common after inadequate treatment than after adequate and 2.5 times more common in patients with metastases than in those without. However, metastases were only 1.2 times more common after inadequate treatment than after adequate. Of the 128 patients who developed metastases, 63 had local recurrence and 65 had not. In these two subgroups the timing of metastases and the distribution of clinicopathologic factors--age, sex, tumor size, localization, depth, histotype, and malignancy grade--were similar. These findings indicate that local recurrence is of minor importance for development of metastases in soft tissue sarcoma. The increased local recurrence rate in metastatic tumors may be an expression of the aggressiveness of the primary tumor; highly malignant tumors combine a potential both for local and distant spread.
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PMID:Is local recurrence of minor importance for metastases in soft tissue sarcoma? 200 26

The traditional unfavorable clinicopathologic features in operable breast cancer are large tumor size, number of axillary node metastases, poorly differentiated grade, presence of lymphatic tumor emboli near to the primary malignancy, blood vessel invasion, tumor necrosis, intense lymphoplasmocytic reaction around the tumor and perimenopausal status. Current multidisciplinary approach is still based on two major clinico-pathologic findings such as tumor size and number of infiltrated axillary nodes. Only in recent years the presence or absence of estrogen receptors was taken into consideration to administer adjuvant tamoxifen or adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. Since the fundamental prognostic indicators in breast cancer are the total tumor cell number and its inherent biological aggressiveness, it is important to assess the clinical role of the proposed new determinants as a guide to prognosis in series of consecutive patients staged and managed according to uniform treatment programs. Properties such as hormone receptor status, ploidy and tumor cell kinetics (3H-TdR labeling index and percent of S-phase cell) as well as oncogenes should be evaluated also as expression of tumor cell burden and/or indicators of clinical aggressiveness. Recent results from retrospective case series strongly suggest that tumor cell proliferative activity, in particular labelling index, is a prognostic factor independent of axillary nodes, tumor size, and receptor status for the relapse-free survival of node-positive and node-negative tumors. This new prognostic factor should be taken into consideration in the selection of candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in resectable breast cancer. 203 Nov 98

Secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by cloned variants of QR fibrosarcoma or of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) did not correspond with their in vivo aggressive behavior. However, aggressiveness may be influenced by tumor responsiveness to PGE2. Each of the metastatic LLC or progressor QRpP variants was more motile in an in vitro migration model than were either the nonmetastatic LLC or regressor QR variants. One of the two tested progressor QR variants and all of the metastatic LLC variants were also more responsive to PGE2 in their in vitro migration through a membrane than were either regressor QR or nonmetastatic LLC variants. Thus, responsiveness to PGE2 by tumors may regulate the degree of tumor aggressiveness in vivo.
Invasion Metastasis 1991
PMID:Association of increased tumor cell responsiveness to prostaglandin E2 with more aggressive tumor behavior. 206 Oct 4

There is evidence indicating that change in the expression of HLA-ABC antigens can modulate the biological behavior and metastatic potential of certain neoplasms. We studied 15 samples of normal breast epithelium, 94 breast carcinomas and 24 benign and pre-malignant lesions of the mammary gland. All cases of normal breast epithelium and non-malignant lesions presented high levels of expression of class-I antigens. In contrast, 22 out of 94 carcinomas showed a reduction in the level of expression and a heterogeneous pattern. In addition, 31 tumors were considered negative for HLA-class-I expression, and 6 cases showed selective loss of HLA-ABC: 2 tumors for HLA locus A, and 4 for HLA locus B. We found a direct relationship between patient survival and HLA-negative phenotype (p less than 0.001), as well as between histological grade of malignancy and the level of expression of class-I antigens (p less than 0.0005). Moreover, the presence of class-I molecules was significantly related to tumor ploidy (p less than 0.005). Our results lead us to conclude that HLA-ABC-negative tumors have a higher metastatic potential and greater clinical aggressiveness: patients with carcinomas exhibiting low HLA expression have more lymph-node metastases (p less than 0.02) and achieve shorter survival times (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Can the HLA phenotype be used as a prognostic factor in breast carcinomas? 206 80

The invasiveness of human intracranial tumours was studied in an organ culture system. Biopsies from six glioblastomas, four astrocytomas, two mixed gliomas, one ependymoma, four meningiomas and two carcinoma metastases were cut into fragments of 0.5 mm diameter, and placed in agar overlay tissue culture. The tumour specimens formed spheroids which were co-cultured with cell aggregates or fragments from fetal rat brain for up to 10 days in vitro. The invasiveness of the glioblastoma spheroids was characterised by a gradual destruction of normal brain tissue by tumour cells, followed by replacement of normal tissue by these cells. Co-cultures from two glioblastomas showed lesions in the normal brain tissue in areas removed from the tumour cells. Tumour spheroids from four glioblastomas totally destroyed the normal brain tissue without any change in the original tumour spheroid configuration. The low-grade gliomas were less invasive than the glioblastomas. The meningiomas and the metastases were non-invasive. This organ culture assay appeared to reflect the in situ invasive behaviour of the brain tumours examined. It is suggested that it may be used for evaluating the aggressiveness of individual brain tumours with the specific aim of correlating clinical data with the biological character of the tumour.
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PMID:Interaction between human brain tumour biopsies and fetal rat brain tissue in vitro. 208 53

A series of 60 primary laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumours, 24 lymph node metastases and normal tissue were evaluated in frozen sections for the expression of MHC class I antigens, using monoclonal antibodies. We found 13 cases presenting total HLA-ABC losses, 5 selective losses of HLA-A antigens and 1 of HLA-B antigens. We were able to find statistical association between these losses and a number of clinical and pathological parameters, such as T and N stage, degree of differentiation, scores according to Jakobsson and Glanz grading systems, vascular invasion or leukocytic infiltrate. Our results lead us to the following conclusions: a) HLA class I losses were found in a group of tumours showing a greater aggressiveness and worse prognosis; b) these alterations in the expression are not associated with a increased metastatic potential. Thus, the absence of HLA molecules in laryngeal tumours is related to a greater local aggressiveness, and the loss of class I antigens seems to constitute and adaptive tumour mechanism to avoid the different anatomical and immunological barriers present in the laryngeal organ.
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PMID:[Immunologic modulation of tumor aggressiveness in cancer of the larynx. II. Clinicopathologic correlations with the loss of expression of the HLA ABC antigens]. 209 25

From 1960 to 1986, 69 patients with low grade neuroendocrine tumours (LGNT) of the lung were admitted to our institution. Of these, 36 were male and 33 were female. The mean age was 43 years with a range of 9-76 years. Sixty-eight patients were operated upon of whom 11 had metastatic mediastinal lymphnodes. A complete follow-up ranging from 3 to 25 years was obtained in 61 patients. Actuarial survival was 95% at 5 years and 87% at 10 years. The most important factor influencing the prognosis was mediastinal lymph node involvement. In 9 patients with mediastinal lymph node metastases at operation, the survival at 5 and 10 years was 75% and 46%, respectively, with highly significant difference (P less than 0.0001) as compared with the nonmetastatic group. In conclusion, bronchial LGNT are generally benign, but encompass a potential for malignancy. The prognosis depends on the presence of regional lymph node metastases. The choice of adequate surgical treatment depends on the size, location and aggressiveness of the tumour and the status of the mediastinal lymph nodes. The condition of the lung parenchyma distal to the lesion must be taken into account.
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PMID:Low grade neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (bronchial carcinoids)--25 years experience. 217 94

We report a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma present in the primary excision of an intratesticular purely mature teratoma. Testicular mature and immature teratomas are usually associated with other germ cell tumors. Nongerminal malignancies that tend to occur in gonadal and extragonadal teratomas are often epithelial. Sarcomas of all types are less frequent but embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas are encountered predominantly. This sarcomatous element can be present in the primary excision or it can appear after chemotherapy in the metastases. Usually, prognosis is dependent on the degree of aggressiveness of the sarcomatous component. A review of the literature reveals that it is unusual for an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma to develop on purely mature teratoma. We report a case in the testicle. During followup metastases arise rapidly from the purely embryonal rhabdomyosarcomatous component. The accurate diagnosis of this unusual sarcomatous component is of paramount importance because of the implications for therapy.
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PMID:Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising in a mature teratoma of the testis: a case report. 218 21

The authors present a case of hemangiopericytoma of the rectal mesentery, this is an uncommon type of vascular tumor, exceptional in this localization. We analyze the difficulty of a preoperative diagnosis, the lack of specificity of the clinical signs and the importance of the radical resection linked to the biological aggressiveness and the frequency of local recurrences and distant metastases.
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PMID:[Hemangiopericytoma of the rectal mesentery]. 222 56

A series of 60 primary laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumours, 24 lymph node metastases and normal tissue were evaluated in frozen sections for the expression of MHC class I antigens, using monoclonal antibodies and the APAAP technique. We found 13 tumours presenting total HLA-ABC loss, five with selective loss of HLA-A antigens and one with absence of HLA-B antigens. These losses were statistically associated with clinical and pathological parameters, such as T stage, degree of differentiation, scores according to the Jakobsson and Glanz grading systems and degree of leukocytic infiltration. Our results lead us to the following conclusions: (a) HLA class I losses were found in a group of tumours showing greater aggressiveness and worse prognosis; (b) these alterations in expression were not associated with an increased metastatic potential. Thus, the absence of HLA molecules in laryngeal tumours is related to greater local aggressiveness, and the loss of class I antigens seems to constitute an adaptive tumour mechanism to avoid the different anatomical and immunological barriers within the larynx.
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PMID:Lack of MHC class I antigens and tumour aggressiveness of the squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. 225 12


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