Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The profiles of 4 acute-phase reactant proteins (APRPs) (haptoglobin (HPT), alpha1 antitrypsin (AAT), alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and prealbumin (PALB)) have been studied during the evolution of bowel cancer. Serial measurements of these APRPs can add to the information obtained from measurements of the level of CEA and hepatic enzymes during the monitoring of postoperative patients. There is considerable stability in the profile in a given individual in health, Rises of AAT and AGP are associated with metastases. High levels of HPT may suggest involvement of the bowel wall by recurrent cancer. PALB levels tend to reflect the nutritional status. A discriminant function based on the log CEA, AAT and AGP preoperative blood levels can considerably improve on the predictive value attained using CEA levels alone.
 ...
PMID:Acute-phase reactant protein profiles: an aid to monitoring large bowel cancer by CEA and serum enzymes. 1 5

The alpha1 and alpha2-globulins have been studied at various stages in the evolution of colo-rectal cancer. The alph2 was elevated in some primary tumours and rose in metastatic cancer especially when it involved the liver. Some apparently tumour free patients had an unexplained elevation of alph2-globulins. The macroglobulins were not a major constituent of the raised alpha2-globulins. Haptoglobulin levels were found to be a useful indicator of tumour activity, when their level was raised in metastatic cancer it was usually with an antecedent or coincidental rise of plasma CEA. Primary tumours may cause a high haptoglobin response without an elevation of CEA.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-globulins in the surveillance of colorectal cancer. 6 90

A profile of acute phase reactant proteins has been studied in patients with cancer of the prostate as an aid to diagnostic staging and therapy control. A linear discriminant function analysis incorporating serum acid phosphatase, prealbumin, alpha1 antitrypsin, alpha1 acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin allows the correct identification of metastatic disease in 88.6% of patients. The profile may also serve to augment other parameters in the assessment of the physiological effect of oestrogen treatment and show whether the prescribed medication is being taken.
 ...
PMID:Acute phase reactant proteins in prostatic cancer. 7 95

Levels of glycoprotein-associated carbohydrates (neutral hexoses, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose) were determined in the serum of patients with either local, regional or metastatic cancer, patients clinically cured of cancer, and controls (smokers and nonsmokers). Total protein-bound carbohydrates were compared with levels of 17 normal serum glycoproteins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and with lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutin (PHA). Tumor burden was directly related to protein-bound carbohydrate levels in patient groups. Levels of bound carbohydrates reflect the sum of all the changes in serum glycoproteins, but primarily changes in the acute-phase proteins (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin) found in the alpha-globulin fraction of serum. Increases in protein-bound carbohydrates in tumor-bearers were not related to increases in CEA. Increased levels of the acute-phase proteins occurred in individuals with depressed in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to PHA. A significant positive correlation was found between lymphocyte reactivity and level of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein. The results suggest that serum protein-bound carbohydrates or glycoproteins may be of adjunctive value is assessing tumor burden and immune reactivity in cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:Correlations among serum protein-bound carbohydrates, serum glycoproteins, lymphocyte reactivity, and tumors burden in cancer patients. 92 66

The serum levels of circulating immune complexes (IC) were evaluated by a new 'direct' laser nephelometric assay, concomitantly with four acute phase proteins (APP), in 167 patients with various neoplasms at different stages. The present study confirms the presence of IC in the sera of cancer patients and, in the breast cancer group, there is a significant correlation with the progression of the disease. Among the APP, in several cancer groups, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein are more elevated than in controls, and a trend to display higher values is observed in the subjects with metastatic disease; particularly, the frequency of patients with 3 or more proteins above the normal levels is significantly higher in metastatic than in localized cancers (p less than 0.09).
 ...
PMID:Immune complexes and acute phase proteins in human cancer: preliminary evaluation by laser nephelometric techniques. 258 26

Three human cell lines from adenocarcinomas of the extrahepatic biliary tract were established in permanent tissue culture. Mz-ChA-1 and Mz-ChA-2 were cultured from mechanically dissociated gallbladder adenocarcinoma metastases and SK-ChA-1 was grown from malignant ascites of a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree. Cell doubling times in tissue culture are 3-4 days for Mz-ChA-1 and approximately 2 days for Mz-ChA-2 and SK-ChA-1. All three tumour cell lines were successfully transplanted to nude mice, inducing progressive tumour growth. Histologically, nude mouse tumours resembled the original adenocarcinomas. In vitro formation of gland-like structures were regularly seen in Mz-ChA-1 and Mz-ChA-2 but only occasionally in SK-ChA-1. All three cell lines formed contacts through interdigitating processes with desmosomes and junctional complexes. On scanning electron microscopy, an abundance of microvilli was seen at the cell surfaces. Chromosome analyses of all three tumour cell lines showed a wide range of numerical abnormalities and presence of marker chromosomes. Mz-ChA-1 appears to be highly differentiated with cells producing mucus. Mz-ChA-2 synthesizes components of complement C2, C3 and C5, while Mz-ChA-1 and SK-ChA-1 produce only C3 in detectable quantities. In addition, Mz-ChA-2 supernatants are positive for ferritin and alpha 1-fetoprotein, but not CEA; while Mz-ChA-1 and SK-ChA-1 produce only CEA. Supernatants of all three cell lines are positive for N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA), phosphohexoisomerase (PHI) and LDH, and negative for alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-anti-trypsin, gamma-GT, AP, coeruloplasmin, haptoglobin and albumin. A high cloning efficiency renders these new tumour cell lines suitable for continued studies on clonal heterogeneity in malignant tumours. The establishment of these cell lines in tissue culture facilitates further studies on the biology of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer in man.
 ...
PMID:Biliary adenocarcinoma. Characterisation of three new human tumor cell lines. 405 57

The serum concentrations of six glycoproteins (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, AGP; haptoglobin, Hp; alpha 1-antitrypsin, AT; ceruloplasmin, Cp; prealbumin, PALB; and alpha 2-macroglobulin, MACRO) have been estimated serially in nine advanced breast cancer patients who received a total of 24 intravenous infusions of methotrexate (MTX). The serum glycoprotein levels taken before the first drug exposure did not relate with the prognosis of these patients. In eight patients, constantly high or rising levels of AGP, Hp and AT during consecutive infusions of the drug were associated with continued metastatic disease. A transient tumour regression occurred in one patient which correlated with falling serum levels of these proteins into the normal range. The serum levels of Cp, PALB and MACRO did not correlate with the clinical status of these patients during treatment. Possible factors which may influence the serum levels of these glycoproteins in cancer patients during therapy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Changes in serum acute phase proteins in breast cancer patients receiving methotrexate infusion therapy. 617 43

We investigated the possible causative role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome and in paraneoplastic cholestasis (Stauffer syndrome) associated with renal-cell carcinoma in a series of 119 patients with metastases. IL-6 levels were found significantly higher in patients with paraneoplastic fever and weight loss. Patients with detectable serum IL-6 (n = 90, 76%) had significantly higher serum CRP, haptoglobin, and serum alkaline-phosphatase and gammaglutamyl-transferase levels. Platelets, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) and monocyte counts were also significantly higher in patients with detectable serum IL-6; in contrast, hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in patients with serum IL-6 over 80 pg/ml. Three of these patients were included in a phase-II trial of an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody given daily during 21 days. Reductions of CRP, haptoglobin and serum alkalin phosphatases were observed in all 3 patients during anti-IL-6 administration, with a subsequent increase up to or above pre-treatment levels after the end of anti-IL-6. Decrease of platelets, PMN and monocyte counts were also observed in the 3 patients during anti-IL-6 administration, with a normalization of cell counts in a patient with increased platelets, PMN and monocyte counts. Hemoglobin concentration, serum albumin concentration and lymphocyte counts remained stable in the 3 patients during and after anti-IL-6 administration. Serum IL-6, as evaluated by IRMA, decreased in the 3 patients during anti-IL-6 administration, but increased above pre-treatment levels after the end of anti-IL-6 administration. These results demonstrate that IL-6 is involved in the physiopathology of paraneoplastic syndromes observed in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, in particular CRP and haptoglobin increase, paraneoplastic cholestasis, also paraneoplastic thrombocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis.
 ...
PMID:Role of interleukin-6 in the paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome associated with renal-cell carcinoma. 924 85

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels are elevated in several types of human cancer tissues. Nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit both the COX-1 and COX-2 protein, the two enzymes that convert arachidonic acids to prostaglandins. Regular use of such NSAIDs significantly reduces the risk and spread of some cancers. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular pathology of neoplasms that overexpress COX-2. Epidemiological data and clinical studies were analyzed and compared with results of studies of human tumor tissues, animal models, and cultured tumor cells. COX-2, but not COX-1, is highly expressed in human colon carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, and skin cancer. COX-2 is inducible by oncogenes ras and scr, interleukin-1, hypoxia, benzo[a]pyrene, ultraviolet light, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Dexamethasone, antioxidants, and tumor-suppressor protein p53 suppress COX-2 expression. COX-2 synthesizes prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which stimulates bcl-2 and inhibits apoptosis, and induces interleukin-6 (IL-6) which enhances haptoglobin synthesis. PGE2 is associated with tumor metastases, IL-6 with cancer cell invasion, and haptoglobin with implantation and angiogenesis. Drastic reduction in polyp number results from COX-2 gene knockout as well as from selective COX-2 inhibition in a mouse model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. Nonselective NSAIDs, for instance aspirin, and selective COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib (SC-58635) and NS-398 suppress azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Aspirin, indomethacin, and ibuprofen decrease cultured lung cancer cell proliferation. Selective inhibition of COX-2 is preferable to nonselective inhibition. It reduces cancer cell proliferation, induces cancer cell apoptosis, and spares COX-1-induced cytoprotection of the gastrointestinal tract.
 ...
PMID:Molecular pathology of cyclooxygenase-2 in neoplasia. 1067 79

Cell lines are valuable resources for the study of the malignancy and potential therapy of human breast cancer. A major problem with adapting fresh breast tumor specimens to grow in vitro is contamination by fibroblasts. Previously, we have reported a technique to overcome this problem (Nayak, S. K; Dillman, R. O. Clin. Biotechnol. 3:237-242; 1991). We have recently established two new breast cancer cell lines, HH315 and HH375, that were derived from abdominal and supraclavicular lymph node metastases from two patients. They were characterized by (1) growth kinetics; (2) staining with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to cytokeratin-19, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), breast cancer antigen 1 (BRST-1), breast cancer antigen 2 (BRST-2), Her2/neu, and p53; (3) expression of domains of urinary plasminogen activator (uPA), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and haptoglobin (Hp) (Harvey et al., 1997); and (4) karyotypic analysis. Growth kinetic studies showed that doubling times for both lines ranged from 48 to 96 h. These two cell lines were found to have characteristics of the metastatic breast cancer cells. Both lines stained positive with MoAbs to cytokeratin-19 and EMA, thus confirming their epithelial origin. They also strongly reacted with the pan-breast carcinoma MoAbs BRST-1 and BRST-2, and carcinoembryonic CEA MoAb. Both cell lines overexpressed the oncogene proteins Her2/neu and p53. The tumor cells were negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors. HH315 cells were poorly differentiated, whereas the HH375 cells exhibited adenocarcinoma morphology. Both cell lines showed intense cell surface and some cytoplasmic staining for uPA, NCAM, and Hp domains, which is a characteristic of malignant neoplasms (Harvey et al., 1997). The HH375 cell line showed two cell types, of which 60% were hyperdiploids with 60-70 chromosomes and 5-10 marker chromosomes. The remaining cells were polyploid with more than 200 chromosomes. Cell line HH315 consisted of only a polyploid population. These cell lines may be useful in breast cancer research.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of cancer cell lines established from two human metastatic breast cancers. 1077 59


1 2 Next >>