Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, suggesting an etiologic relationship. We have under-taken studies (1) to quantitate the relationship between antibody titers to EBV-associated antigens and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in American patients since most of the patients in previous studies were of either Asian or African descent and (2) to determine the relationship between antibody titers and the clinical course of the disease. Sera from patients with primary or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and from patients in remission, from patients with various other head and neck tumors (including occult primary lesions and lymphomas), and from normal controls were titrated for IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen and IgA antibodies to VCA, using indirect immunofluorescence procedures previously detailed. High titers of antibodies to EBV-induced early antigens and VCA in the IgG fraction and VCA in the IgA fraction were frequently found in the sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A significant reduction in these titers was observed with clinical remission of the disease in treated patients. Preliminary findings suggest that EBV serology may be useful in the evaluation and treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and also in patients with cervical metastases from clinically occult promary sites in order to identify those with occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunovirologic assessment of American patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and occult primary tumors. 22 61

In attempts to heterotransplant human NPc into nude mice, using seven cultured cell lines, we have succeeded in growing a carcinoma simplex, composed of Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen-positive and Epstein-Barr virus genome-positive cancer cells, at the injected site with two of the cell lines. These originated from a spindle-cell carcinoma (Chinese NPC-204) and from a combined-cell carcinoma (Chinese NPC-501), respectively. During the first few passages, wandering macrophages were prevalent and increased in number in response to the presence of the tumours. In conjunction with a gradual decrease in the number of wandering macrophages in the medullary sinuses, diffuse hyperplasia of lymphocytes occurred in regional lymph nodes. As a result of the release of lymphocytes and macrophages into the peripheral lymph nodes, the spleen underwent extensive change, as manifested by the collapse of the splenic cords and the formation of septa studded with granulomas. Under these conditions of immunosuppression, lymphatic metastases were observed during the periods between the 11th and 14th generations and the 24th and 30th generations with NPC-204 and between the 9th and 14th generations with NPC-501. The neighbouring lymph nodes, like the spleen, were often studded with epithelioid-cell granulomas, formed by the aggregation of macrophages around nuclear debris in the subcortical areas. We assume that the clumps of debris are the remnants of metastatic cancer cells which were probably killed by macrophages or by sensitized lymphocytes. If the lymph nodes contain a barrier of granulomas, they are not invaded by tumour cells from the cortical sinuses, except in the rare case of retrograde metastasis from the hilus. It would appear that macrophages can replace T lymphocytes, which are found in very small numbers in the nude mice used in this study, in killing tumour cells and, furthermore, in protecting the lymph nodes from the spread of metastases. Metastasis cannot occur in these nude mice when their lymphoreticular system, especially that of the spleen, is working in a stable balance.
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PMID:A histopathological study of lymphoid tissue reaction to metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in nude mice. 31 Apr 17

Specific host-graft interactions, as well as intrinsic properties of transferred cell, determine tumorigenicity in xenogeneic systems. We compared the growth characteristics of human B-lymphoid cell lines in SCID mice with the well characterized growth pattern in nude mice and observed striking differences in malignancy in the respective hosts. Two cell lines derived from the same individual, the Epstein-Barr-virus(EBV)-positive Burkitt's lymphoma BL 60 (BL) and the autologous EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line IARC 277 (LCL) were used. In addition, we tested somatic cell hybrids (HYB) of both cell lines, which despite the LCL-like differentiation phenotype show the de-regulated c-myc expression pattern of the parental BL line, assumed to be a critical factor in BL pathogenesis. Subcutaneously (s.c.) injected BL cells produced local progressively growing tumor masses at the injection site without distant metastases in both nude and SCID mice. Although both mouse strains possess the same genetic background (BALB/c) and differ only in the B-cell sub-set, the growth patterns of the LCL and hybrids were completely different. In contrast to the regressive behaviour of LCL and hybrids in nude mice, these lines show invasive and disseminated progressive growth in SCID mice. Peripheral lymph nodes an thymic tissue were preferentially colonized, whereas mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (Peyer's patches and appendix) and spleen were not infiltrated. The preferential migration of lymphocytes to certain tissues is termed homing in a syngeneic system and mediated by homing receptors and vascular addressins. The "homing" of LCL and hybrids into lymphoid SCID mouse tissue suggests a strong interaction with the endothelial cells of the host. Detailed phenotypic analysis of BL, LCL and 3 different hybrids was performed using an antibody panel against differentiation and adhesion markers. Overall dominance of the LCL phenotype was observed in the hybrids, as indicated by cytology, tumor growth, dissemination and the pattern of surface-marker expression. The c-myc activation in hybrids does not appear to influence growth behavior.
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PMID:Local growth of a Burkitt's lymphoma versus disseminated invasive growth of the autologous EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cells and their somatic cell hybrids in SCID mice. 130 26

Cervical nodal metastasis from occult carcinomas represents a diagnostic challenge. This is a common presentation of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (UNPC), but metastatic carcinomas from other sites must be considered. UNPC has the distinguishing feature of a close association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Since the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can detect EBV in archival tissues, it offers significant advantages over previous methods for the detection of viral genomes. Its extreme sensitivity allows analysis of small samples from needle aspirates. Using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify EBV sequences from archival tissues, 15 of 18 NPC samples were positive for EBV. Of these 18, 14 of 14 with UNPC were positive, 1 of 2 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were positive, and 10 of 2 with adenocarcinoma were positive. All 6 UNPC metastatic to lymph nodes were positive. Carcinoma metastatic to cervical nodes from 17 of 17 non-UNPC occult primaries lacked EBV. This demonstrates the utility of EBV detection by the polymerase chain reaction in the evaluation of patients with metastases to neck nodes from occult primary carcinomas in order to identify cases of UNPC.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus detection in neck metastases by polymerase chain reaction. 131 10

Detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma primaries in patients presenting with neck node metastases may sometimes demand considerable efforts. By using the 'in situ hybridization' technique, we manage to identify the Epstein-Barr virus in neck metastases secondary to nasopharyngeal carcinomas. We propose that such identification in neck node metastases where the primary lesion is unknown indicates a nasopharyngeal primary.
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PMID:Detection of occult nasopharyngeal primary tumours by means of in situ hybridization. 131 44

Primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSL), until recently representing about 1% of all brain tumors, show dramatically increased incidence both in high-risk groups (immunocompromised, AIDS) and in the general population. They are extranodal diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the morphology and classification of which are identical to those of systemic lymphomas, although PCNSL show different biological behavior and diagnosis according to the New Working Formulation and updated Kiel classification may be difficult. The majority are large B cell variants of high-grade malignancy; low-grade subtypes and T cell lymphomas are rare. Sixty per cent occur in the supratentorial space (hemispheres, periventricular) and 12% in the posterior fossa; 30% are multiple (50%-70% in AIDS). PCNSL show a male preponderance with a peak incidence in the 5th-7th decade (3rd-4th in AIDS). The duration of diffuse or focal clinical symptoms averages 1-2 months. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans show single or multiple or diffuse, often typical lesions. Diagnosis is achieved by evaluation of stereotactic biopsy material or cerebrospinal fluid cytology using immunocytological markers. Current therapy in immunocompetent patients, radiation plus corticosteroids and pre- or postradiation polychemotherapy, shows response rates of 85% with a median survival of 17-44 months, a prognosis similar to that for glioblastoma. Meningeal PCNSL is treated with intrathecal methotrexate or cytosine arabinoside. Transliquoral seeding of PCNSL is frequent, distant metastases occurring in 6%-8%. Therapy of AIDS-related PCNSL makes use of radiation and corticosteroids, and rarely of chemotherapy. The pathogenesis of PCNSL is unknown, but Epstein-Barr virus may be a contributory factor.
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PMID:Primary central nervous system lymphomas--an update. 140 May 70

B cells derived from peripheral-blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from a patient with a high serum antibody titer to autologous melanoma were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and evaluated for reactivity against autologous tumor. B cells producing antibody reactive with autologous tumor and unreactive with normal fibroblasts were detected both in TIL and in PBL. One cell line derived from PBL and another derived from TIL sustained production of tumor-reactive antibody for 10 weeks and over 15 months respectively. The cell line derived from PBL, 2D11, produced an antibody reactive with a trypsin-resistant antigen expressed on the cell membrane of autologous and allogeneic melanoma cell lines. The cell line derived from TIL, 1F6, produced an antibody reactive with a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed by 5 autologous melanoma cell lines derived from 5 different metastases and 16/19 allogeneic melanoma cell lines. 1F6 also showed reactivity with cell lines derived from a blue nevus, a congenital nevus, an astrocytoma, and 1/4 renal-cell carcinomas; but it was not reactive with 5 foreskin melanocyte cell lines, 2 normal fibroblast lines, 5 leukemia/lymphoma lines, 8 lung-cancer lines, 8 glioblastoma lines, or lines derived from 1 ovarian carcinoma, 1 colon carcinoma, 1 vulvar carcinoma, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 murine melanoma, or 4 murine leukemia/lymphomas. We describe here an antibody that detects a new melanoma specificity obtained by EBV transformation of tumor-infiltrating B cells.
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PMID:Analysis of two human monoclonal antibodies against melanoma. 145 38

We report on three children who underwent cadaveric renal transplantation and subsequently developed an immunoblastic lymphoma, leading to death in two patients. The development of the lymphoma occurred following a multi-drug immunosuppression regimen ending with monoclonal antilymphocyte (OKT3) treatment for biopsy-proven cellular and vascular acute rejection. These patients represent three of 11 children who received OKT3 treatment for rejection in the last 18 months at this institution. Following the diagnosis of lymphoma, all three patients were treated by transplant nephrectomy, cessation of immunosuppression, and administration of intravenous acyclovir. The first two patients died at 4 days and 4 weeks, respectively, after the definitive diagnosis was made with widespread metastatic disease. The remaining child is a short-term survivor (13 months), free of demonstrable malignancy. Multidrug regimens for immunosuppression have a profound effects on T cell function. These effects, when combined with a primary infection by the Epstein-Barr virus, are implicated in the rapid development of the lymphomas and are responsible for the death of these two children.
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PMID:Rapid development of an immunoblastic lymphoma and death in children following cadaveric renal transplantation. 162 36

We have reviewed retrospectively the records of 157 patients, less than or equal to 30 years of age with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from 218 such cases identified in the tumor registry files of three major teaching hospitals in Taipei, Taiwan. These cases were diagnosed between 1 January 1982 and 31 December 1985, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The average age was 25, with a male/female ratio of 1.67. The TNM (tumor size, nodes, metastases) classification of 127 patients showed T1, 22%; T2, 33.1%; T3, 23.6%; T4, 21.3%; N0, 26%; N1, 16.5%; N2, 27.6%; N3, 30%; and M1, 13.4%. Antibody titer to Epstein-Barr virus capsular antigen (EBVCA) were elevated in 45 of 48 patients tested. Of the 29 patients who had hepatitis B (HB) viral survey done 34.5% were positive for HB surface antigen (HBsAg). Of 13 patients with elevated EBVCA antibody who were also tested for HB, six were HBsAg carrier. Actuarial survival rates of 2 and 3 years are 70 and 62%, respectively, among the 90 patients who were followed regularly or to death. HBsAg carriers and patients with M1 disease had a shorter survival time. We concluded that patients less than 30 years of age seemed to have an increased incidence of NPC, compared to that in an earlier report. Our patients frequently presented with advanced stage and poor prognosis. The high rate of HB carrier raises the possibility that HBV may play a role in the carcinogenesis and tumor growth in some NPC patients. Future prospective studies are needed.
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PMID:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in young patients. 184 56

The polymerase chain reaction method for amplification of DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was used to detect Epstein-Barr virus DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinomas from Japanese patients. Thirty-one cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 8 cases of lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied. Detection rates of Epstein-Barr virus in various types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to the World Health Organization classification were as follows: 10 of 10 undifferentiated carcinomas, 8 of 13 nonkeratinizing carcinomas, and 5 of 7 keratinizing carcinomas. Eight lymph node metastases, for which the primary was positive for Epstein-Barr virus, also contained Epstein-Barr virus DNA. By in situ hybridization using a biotinylated Epstein-Barr virus probe, it was clearly demonstrated that Epstein-Barr virus DNA was localized in the nuclei of the neoplastic cells. The clinical features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with or without Epstein-Barr virus were not different. These results demonstrate that nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Japanese patients is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, similar to nasopharyngeal carcinoma of other endemic and nonendemic areas.
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PMID:Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. 184 85


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