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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors describe 11 patients with occult breast carcinoma, who initially presented with axillary nodal metastases of unknown origin. In all 11 cases, physical examination and mammography results were normal. Steroid hormone receptor studies were done on tissue from all 11 axillary masses and 2 masses underwent lactalbumin staining as well. In 8 of the 11 patients these studies were positive, suggesting breast as the primary tumor site. Estrogen (30 to 445 fmol/g) or progesterone (30 to 1059 fmol/g) receptors, or both, were positive in seven cases. Although a breast carcinoma was subsequently found in all 11 patients, receptor studies on the primary tumor could not be done in every instance. The authors concluded that performing steroid hormone receptor assays on axillary metastases from occult tumors not only may provide information regarding the identity of the primary tumor but also may be the sole opportunity to determine its hormone receptor status.
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PMID:Hormone receptor studies in axillary metastases from occult breast cancers. 381 92

The hormonal sensitivity of breast cancer on one hand indicates the prognosis and on the other determines the therapeutical procedure when metastases appear. It also seems to be important in the choice of adjuvant therapy. Therefore the analysis of hormonal receptors in our opinion is at least as important as the histological typification of the carcinoma. As there was a trend recently showing up the so-called histochemical steroid-receptor-assay which is much less complicated than the biochemical (quantitative) method, we investigated the value of this fluorescence-microscopical assay by means of parallel determinations. In the results of 157 patients of the last three years we found differences in 45% of all oestrogen-receptor-determinations and in 50% of 29 progesterone-receptor-determinations. This indicates that the histochemical assay is most probably not representative. There is serious doubt about the possibility to document the hormone receptor by this method at all. Therefore it does not seem advisable at the moment to waive the biochemical receptor determination.
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PMID:[Comparison between the biochemical and histochemical determination of hormone receptors in breast carcinomas]. 388 53

To assess the prognostic significance of peritumoral vessel invasion, data were examined for 1,510 women entered into the Ludwig Breast Cancer Group Trials I to IV evaluating adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer with axillary nodal metastasis. Vessel invasion by tumor cells was identified by routine light microscopy in 59 per cent (889 of 1,510) of the patients and was equally distributed between premenopausal/perimenopausal (60 per cent, 468 of 778) and postmenopausal (58 per cent, 421 of 732) women. In logrank analyses stratified by nodal status (one to three or four or more positive nodes), the four-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was significantly lower in patients with vessel invasion than in women without vessel invasion (50 per cent versus 65 per cent, P less than 0.0001). This DFS difference was seen for both premenopausal/perimenopausal (P = 0.0004) and postmenopausal (P = 0.0002) patients. The four-year overall survival rate was also lower in patients with vessel invasion (71 per cent versus 82 per cent, P = 0.0006), both for premenopausal/perimenopausal (P = 0.002) and postmenopausal (P = 0.04) women. The presence of vessel invasion was significantly associated with increasing numbers of positive axillary lymph nodes, rising tumor grade, nonstellate tumor border growth pattern, and higher steroid hormone receptor content of the primary tumor. The assessment of peritumoral vessel invasion continued to have prognostic significance for DFS (P less than 0.0001) and overall survival (P = 0.003) when evaluated in multivariate models controlling for treatment assigned, nodal status, tumor size, estrogen receptor status, menopausal status, and age. Depending on the subpopulation, patients with vessel invasion had a 41 per cent to 54 per cent greater risk of treatment failure than those without vessel invasion and a 29 per cent to 64 per cent greater risk of death. The percentage of treatment failures at distant sites was higher for women with than for those without vessel invasion (27 per cent versus 18 per cent, P = 0.003). In patients with axillary lymph node metastases, peritumoral vessel invasion may be a sign of increased systemic disease burden.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of peritumoral vessel invasion in clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis. 390 76

This review of endocrine therapy in breast carcinoma has been prepared principally with the aim of listing many persisting controversies in this area, even if significant advances have been made after the hormone receptor determination became available. Endocrine treatments include those indicated in an adjuvant setting and in metastatic disease. Indications for adjuvant endocrine therapy are still uncertain, even if a better selection of patients and the use of a non-toxic drug such as tamoxifen made more rationale and safer this type of treatment. Uncertainty is related to some doubts concerning consistency of survival advantages and to the relationship between advantages possibly obtainable by endocrine therapy or by adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy. Endocrine therapy can be cautiously combined with chemotherapy in amy adjuvant setting, as detrimental effects have been reported in some subsets of patients. Indications for endocrine treatment are mostly related to advanced disease, where more favourable results can presently be obtained through a better selection of patients and by less toxic hormone manipulations which are now available. In advanced disease, a sequential use of endocrine therapy and chemotherapy, or vice versa, is preferable to a concurrent administration of both types of treatment. Only some particular clinical situations suggest the latter type of approach. Some uncertainties are still present about the criteria by which, in the sequence, priority should be given to either therapeutic modality.
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PMID:[Results and limits of endocrine therapy of carcinoma of the breast]. 391 51

Metastatic breast cancer frequently presents as a malignant pleural effusion. Knowledge of the estrogen and progesterone receptor status of the tumor predicts response to hormonal therapy, but breast cancer tissue in the pleural space is not readily accessible for hormone receptor determination. Thoracoscopy was used in six breast cancer patients with pleural effusions; all but one had concurrent sites of metastases. In five of six women recurrent breast cancer in the pleural cavity was diagnosed by thoracoscopy, and in four sufficient tissue was obtained for receptor assay. All patients achieved excellent control of their pleural effusions through a combination of local sclerotic measures and systemic therapy. Thoracoscopy is a safe procedure that can be performed under local anesthesia and is useful to visualize the pleural space, not only for diagnosis but also for obtaining breast cancer tissue for hormone receptor determination.
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PMID:Pleural effusion in breast cancer. Thoracoscopy for hormone receptor determination. 394 64

A series of 211 female breast carcinomas was studied with special reference to the relationships between estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status and the reactions of the axillary lymph nodes as manifestations of tumor-host reactivity. Carcinomas were classified according to their nuclear grade (NG), and the following nodal reactions were recorded: extent of cancer metastasis, paracortical activity (PCA), follicular hyperplasia (LFH), sinus histiocytosis (SH), and degenerative sinus histiocytosis (DSH). NG did not directly correlate with ER- or PR-positivity, albeit the highest frequency of both was found in well differentiated carcinomas. ER- and less significantly PR-values were higher in post- than in premenopausal females. ER- and PR-positivity as well as the absolute receptor values were lowest in the cases with extensive (Grade 4) nodal metastases, but did not show a direct relationship to the other grades (0 to 3). PCA did not show any relation to the receptor status, whereas LFH seemed to bear an inverse relationship with ER- (but not PR-) positivity. SH seemed to be associated with higher frequency of ER-positivity than did DSH-nodes, the differences being slight, however. It is concluded that hormone receptor assays connected with the morphological assessment of tumor-host reactivity provide some benefit in grouping the breast cancer patients according to the different expectancy of the outcome of their disease.
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PMID:Regional lymph node reactions related to hormone receptor status in female breast carcinoma. 400 8

Breast cancer may recur in the form of localized or generalized metastatic disease. Although localized metastasis is almost always evidence of more widespread occult disease, local therapy is often of prolonged palliative value. Generalized metastasis calls for systemic therapy, and hormone methods in many cases can provide long-term control before chemotherapy must be resorted to. The therapeutic approach depends on whether the patient is premenopausal or postmenopausal. Generally, ablative is more effective than additive hormone therapy. Whether a given patient will respond can be predicted to a degree by hormone receptor tests.
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PMID:Palliative therapy for metastatic breast cancer. 615 68

Hormone-dependent (HD) mammary tumors can be induced in mice and rats either by endocrine manipulations or by treatment with carcinogens. The tumors metastasize at a low frequency which may be due to immunogenic properties and does not exclude that the tumors are malignant. Hormone deprival may lead to tumor regression. However, regrowth of hormone-independent (HI) tumor cells probably always occur. Estrogens, progesterone, and prolactin are the most important hormones involved in mammary tumor growth, but androgen- and insulin-dependent mammary tumors have also been described. The most important biochemical difference between HD and HI mammary tumors is perhaps the higher hormone receptor content in HD tumors, but high iodide uptake may prove to be the most specific biochemical characteristic of HD tumors. The relevance of rodent mammary tumor models to human breast cancer is discussed.
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PMID:Hormone-dependent mammary tumors in mice and rats as a model for human breast cancer (review). 630 70

The ploidy level was investigated by flow cytometric analysis in 143 cases of invasive intraductal mammary carcinoma. Aneuploidy was found in 70% of the tumours. Comparison of ploidy level with histopathologic features, hormone receptor status and clinical characteristics indicated that aneuploid tumours were mostly poorly differentiated (grade III) and oestrogen receptor negative (p less than 0.05). However, this applied only to postmenopausal patients. No correlation appeared between the progesterone receptor status and the ploidy level, but this parameter tended to predict the frequency of lymph node metastases. The possible prognostic significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Ploidy level of human breast carcinoma. Relation to histopathologic features and hormone receptor content. 633 Oct 77

The levels of estrogen, progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors were assayed in 70 malignant epithelial tumors of human ovaries. The percentage of progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptor-positive tumors was significantly higher in reproductive patients than in menopausal ones. Well-differentiated serous cystadenocarcinomas showed a higher level of progesterone receptors than those characterized by poor differentiation of cells. It was found that steroid hormone receptor profile of primary tumor may be determined in its metastases into the greater omentum whenever tumor cannot be removed. In cases of preoperative chemotherapy, the percentage of receptor-positive ovarian tumors was lower.
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PMID:[Cytoplasmatic receptors of steroid hormones in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors]. 651 72


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