Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An inexpensive enzyme immunoassay method was designed for the determination of thyroglobulin concentration in human blood serum. The range of concentrations of thyroglobulin which can be measured by the method is between 6 and 800 ng/ml. The sensitivity of the method is comparable to that of the commercial test kits. The values of thyroglobulin concentration obtained with the use of the described method are strongly correlated (r = 0.946) with those obtained by using the reference method (IRMA kit of Byk, Sweden). The intraassay coefficient of variation ranged from 5.5 to 10.2% and interassay coefficient of variation from 9.5 to 13.2% depending on the thyroglobulin concentration. The upper limit of blood serum thyroglobulin concentration in healthy subjects was 70 ng/ml. The results of thyroglobulin determination obtained with the described method are falsely lowered in the presence of antithyroglobulin antibodies; simultaneous determination of these antibodies is thus necessary in such a case. It seems that the described method may be used for monitoring the patients after surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer aimed at early detection of metastases.
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PMID:[Immunoenzymatic method for determining thyroglobulin levels in human blood serum]. 136 98

TNF, a cytokine produced by macrophages, is able either to exert an antitumor activity, or to determine severe clinical complications, such as cachexia and septic shock. Increased blood levels of TNF have been described in cancer patients. The present study was performed to better define TNF secretion in patients with solid tumors. The study included 48 cancer patients (lung cancer: 22; colon cancer: 11; breast cancer: 10; renal cancer: 5), and among them 27 showed distant organ metastases. TNF serum levels were measured by IRMA method. The control group comprised 40 healthy subjects. TNF levels were also evaluated in relation to those of SIL-2R, whose increase seems to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis in cancer. High levels of TNF were seen in 27/48 (56%) patients. Mean levels of TNF were significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls. Moreover, within the cancer group, TNF mean values were significantly higher in metastatic patients than in those without metastases; the highest levels were observed in patients with visceral lesions as dominant metastasis sites. Finally, patients with high TNF concentrations showed significantly higher mean levels of SIL-2R than those with normal values. This study shows that the neoplastic metastatic disease is associated with an exaggerated TNF secretion.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor in solid tumors: increased blood levels in the metastatic disease. 149 96

A total of 1050 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have been followed in the Thyroid Center of Padua by means of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measured with IRMA method and anti-Tg antibodies (TgAb) assays. Circulating TgAbs were detected in 102 (9.7%) patients. In 32 of these 102, TgAbs were evaluated before and after total thyroidectomy and 131I ablation. In these patients no relationship was found between preoperative serum TgAb levels on the one hand and tumor stage at diagnosis or outcome of the disease on the other. During the follow-up, TgAb serum levels decreased or disappeared in 21 cases considered tumor-free, while they remained unchanged or even increased, in comparison with the preoperative ones, in 11 patients, 5 with proven metastases and 6 considered tumor-free. Evaluating the whole group of 102 TgAb-positive patients, we observed that TgAb serum levels, measured after thyroid ablation, were significantly higher in cases with metastases than in those considered tumor-free (653.0 +/- 196.9 vs 157.7 +/- 116.5 U/ml, m +/- SD, p less than 0.0001). In the group of patients with metastases and circulating TgAbs, Tg serum levels were elevated in 27% of cases on TSH-suppressive therapy and in 44% off therapy when nodal metastases were present, and in 67% of cases on TSH-suppressive therapy and in 83% off therapy when distant metastases were present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Usefulness of the combined antithyroglobulin antibodies and thyroglobulin assay in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. 229 57

We have compared the laboratory performance of immunoradiometric (IRMA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods developed in this laboratory for measurement of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). The IRMA utilizes a radiolabelled mouse monoclonal anti-PAP and a solid phased rabbit polyclonal anti-PAP. The same rabbit antibody is used in the RIA. The IRMA shows excellent precision over a much wider working range (0.25-1000 micrograms/l) than the RIA (0.73-14.0 micrograms/l), and can be completed in 5 h, while the RIA requires 3 days. Levels in healthy males and in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy are similar in both assays, upper limits of normal being 1.8 micrograms/l (IRMA) and 4.7 micrograms/l (RIA). The two assay methods correlate very well (r = 0.97) when PAP is measured in serum from prostatic cancer patients, although IRMA results are generally lower than those obtained by RIA. About 20% of patients with non-metastatic prostatic carcinoma had elevated serum PAP, whereas about 80% of those with metastatic disease had raised levels. The diagnostic efficiencies of the RIA and IRMA appeared similar. The value of the IRMA in follow-up and staging remains to be determined.
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PMID:Comparison of radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay for serum prostatic acid phosphatase. 243 68

CA 15.3 is an antigen expressed by human breast carcinoma cells, and defined by two monoclonal antibodies, 115D8 and DF3. We used IRMA to determine the circulating serum levels of CA 15.3 in 1178 subjects with breast cancer, non-breast malignancies, benign diseases and controls. A threshold level of 40 U/ml was established with 140 healthy controls and 650 patients with benign diseases (respectively 0% subjects and 1.5% patients had abnormal antigen levels). Elevated CA 15.3 was found in 12 of 184 patients with malignancies different from breast cancer (6.5%), either epithelial carcinomas with distant metastases, mainly in the liver, or primary liver tumors. Breast cancer patients (n = 204) were analysed by prior therapy, UICC stage and WHO response to therapy. Eight of 134 (5.9%) patients with stage II or III breast cancer at presentation and no evidence of disease (NED) had elevated CA 15.3. All of 22 patients with stage IV breast cancer not responding to therapy (SD and PD) had antigen levels greater than 40 U/ml, as did 10 of 34 (29.4%) stage IV patients in objective response (CR + PR). Three of 14 pretreatment patients had abnormal marker levels, and they later proved to have distant metastases. Serum CA 15.3 values were statistically different (p less than 0.01) in NED (20.6 +/- 11.2 U/ml), CR + PR (33.5 +/- 24.0 U/ml), stable disease (98.8 +/- 50.4 U/ml) and progressive disease (greater than 200 U/ml) breast cancer patients. Our results suggest that circulating CA 15.3 antigen levels agree with the stage of breast cancer and with the response to therapy.
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PMID:Circulating CA 15.3 levels in breast cancer. Our present experience. 348 Sep 15

CA 15.3 is an antigenic determinant associated with human mammary carcinomas. Two murine monoclonal antibodies have been raised against the determinants, and an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA-Kit, Centocor, USA) has been developed to determine the antigen levels in plasma of cancer patients. Based on the 99% confidence limit of healthy women, plasma values above 30 U/ml are considered abnormal. Plasma samples from 357 women were examined in the present study. Healthy females (n = 84) ranged below the cut-off level between less than 10 and 29 U/ml. Higher values were found in 12.5% of benign breast diseases and in 23.6% of breast cancer patients, including all stages. Depending on the stage of the disease, there were elevated levels in 11% of operable breast cancer patients preoperatively, in 7% of the cases with no evidence of disease after primary treatment and in 63.5% of patients with disseminated mammary carcinoma. In metastasized breast cancer the frequency and the degree of abnormal titers were closely related to the extent of the metastatic disease. Follow-up examinations of 63 patients under cytotoxic therapy showed CA 15.3 changes correlating well with the clinical course in up to 90% of the antigen positive cases. The present data indicate that CA 15.3 may be useful in the surveillance of breast cancer patients. However in our study one third of the patients with metastatic breast cancer did not show any increase in CA 15.3 and must be regarded as antigen negative.
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PMID:CA 15.3 as a tumour marker in breast cancer. 348 60

The diagnostic accuracy of serum thyroglobulin (S-TG) determination as measured under endogenous thyrotropin(TSH)stimulation (ETS) has been investigated in 372 patients with completed therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. In 51 of these (13.7%) S-TG could be detected by means of the IRMA-technique. In 34 S-TG determination was additionally performed during suppressive thyroxine therapy (SSH): S-TG in SSH was significantly lower as compared with S-TG in ETS (p less than 0.001). In seven cases with proven metastases S-TG values were pushed below the minimal detection level by SSH. Tumor manifestations with suppressible S-TG were significantly smaller (mean = 5 ccm, range 1-25 ccm) than those with non-suppressible S-TG (mean = 90 ccm, range 11-125 ccm, p less than 0.005) and displayed a papillary histology. There was a moderate correlation between S-TG concentration and tumor volume (r = 0.71; p less than 0.001). 21% (n = 66) of patients with undetectable S-TG in ETS showed 131I-uptake in the thyroid region; 2% (n = 7) had proven metastases. Sensitivity of S-TG determination for the detection of metastases amounted to 82.5% in ETS and 53.3% in SST, specificity was 94.6% in ETS and 99.7% in SST. It is concluded that small metastases of papillary thyroid carcinomas may escape S-TG screening more readily than follicular carcinoma metastases when S-TG concentrations are measured during thyroxine treatment.
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PMID:[Serum thyroglobulin in the diagnosis of metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer. Effect of suppressive thyroid hormone substitution on the diagnostic accuracy of thyroglobulin values]. 379 59

In a pilot study, serum ferritin levels of patients with malignant melanoma were found to be increased in stage III of the disease. Therefore, serial determinations were carried out up to 24 months in patients at various stages of the disease undergoing either chemo- or immunotherapy. Serum ferritin was determined by a two-site IRMA technique. Serum samples of 91 patients in different clinical stages of histologically verified malignant melanoma were included in these investigations. 80 healthy individuals were also investigated to determine normal ranges of serum ferritin. In stage III serum ferritin levels were significantly elevated (p less than 0,0005), whereas in stages I and II the values were within the normal range. Repeated serum ferritin levels of 10 patients in stage I and 13 patients in stages II and III without evidence of tumor progression were within the normal range. In 9 patients in stage III the increases in serum ferritin concentration correlated with the degree of dissemination of metastasis. Because of the occurrence of increased ferritin levels only in melanoma patients with progressive metastatic disease, the measurement of serum ferritin might have limited utility in clinical evaluation of melanoma patients as well as in the prediction of recurrence and in monitoring response to therapy.
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PMID:Serial determination of serum ferritin levels in patients with malignant melanoma. 686 23

The aim of the study is to estimate the new tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and comparison of this results with SCC-Ag. The investigation was carried out on 115 NSCLC patients (55 with squamous cell, 35 with adenocarcinoma, 25 with large cell) qualified for surgical treatment and in 48 nonmalignant lung diseases patients. CYFRA 21-1 was determined by the means of IRMA method (CIS bio international--GIF-SUR-Yvette, France) and SCC-Ag--MEIA method (IMx system Abbott). Elevated levels of CYFRA 21-1 were obtained in 48.7% and SCC-Ag in 39.1%. Elevated levels of examined markers most frequently occurred in squamous cell type (SCC). It was found out that CYFRA 21-1 dependent on: a) SCC stage (I-40%, II-61.1%, III-85.2%), b) tumor size (T1-38.4%, T2-73.1%, T3-87.5%), c) mediastinal lymph nodes metastases (No and N1-53.8% and N2-86.9%). Similar correlations were not observed in SCC-Ag examination. Simultaneous determination of CYFRA 21-1 and SCC-Ag showed minimal sensitivity increase from 48.7% to 52.1% in NSCLC and from 69.1% to 70.1% in SCC and decrease of specificity from 95.8% to 85.4%. To sum up, determination of CYFRA 21-1 in NSCLC patients (especially in SCC patients) is useful in diagnosis and clinical stage determination.
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PMID:[Cyfra 21-1 new marker for non-small cell lung cancer]. 752 25

Cytokeratins 8 and 18 are most frequently co-expressed in simple epithelia and carcinomas. Fragments of these cytokeratins are released into the systemic circulation where they can be quantified and utilized as tumour markers. The present paper reports on a solid-phase sandwich monoclonal immunoassay, considered "epithelial tissue-specific", which recognizes fragments of human cytokeratins 8 and 18 of different sizes (10-50 kD). The evaluated ELISA and IRMA assays exhibited a detection limit of 0.1 microgram 1-1 and characteristically demonstrated a within-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 1-4% and a between-assay CV of 3-5%. The long-term (300 days) repeatability of lyophilized samples tested in the assay was estimated to have a less than 10% CV. Of apparently healthy individuals, 95% were found to have serum concentrations of less than 0.95 micrograms 1-1. A highly significant difference was found between apparently healthy individuals and pancreatic cancer patients. Patients with metastatic disease showed a sensitivity of 93% and those with local disease 83%, at 95% specificity. This TPAcyk assay revealed good correlation (0.98) with the TPS assay detecting the specific M3 epitope of the tissue polypeptide antigen. The correlation with the long established polyclonal assay of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was estimated to be 0.9.
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PMID:A novel IRMA and ELISA for quantifying cytokeratin 8 and 18 fragments in the sera of healthy individuals and cancer patients. 754 8


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