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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ultrastructural appearances of 7 primitive neuroepithelial tumours (PNETs) originating in soft tissues and bone are described. Three of the tumours represented primary soft tissue lesions, while locally recurrent tumour or pulmonary metastases were studied from the 4 skeletal tumours, all of which had been diagnosed previously as Ewing's sarcomas. Rosettes were present in one of the soft tissue lesions and although not seen in the primary skeletal neoplasms, they were identified by light microscopy (LM) in 2 of 3 pulmonary metastases, one of which had the morphology of a neuroepithelioma, with innumerable Homer Wright rosettes. Conventional TEM revealed cytoplasmic processes in all cases and rosettes in varying stages of development were also evident, but the appearances did not achieve the level of cellular organization seen in neuroblastoma: microtubules were few, while dense-core granules varied in number but were generally sparse and pleomorphic, resembling lysosomes. However, typical neurosecretory granules were found in one lung metastasis; the neoplastic cells comprising the same tumour also had epithelial markers in the form of well constructed desmosomes, while freeze-fracture analysis demonstrated elaborate tight junctions. In thin sections, junctions in the other tumours appeared rudimentary, but freeze-fracture of a further case revealed small collections of membrane particles suggesting extremely poorly developed desmosomes. Immunocytochemical study of 4 tumours (2 originating in soft tissue and 2 in bone) demonstrated weak to moderate immunostaining for neurone-specific enolase and with several monoclonal antibodies reactive with neuroblastomas, but there was no evidence of immunolabelling for tyrosine hydroxylase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Primitive neuroepithelial tumours of soft tissues and of bone: further ultrastructural and immunocytochemical clarification of 'Ewing's sarcoma', including freeze-fracture analysis. 264 32

Thirty radically operated patients with a locally advanced malignant melanoma were given adjuvant levamisole orally 50 mg three times a day on two days a week for one to 40 months in order to prevent recurrence of melanoma. During levamisole treatment the number of E- and EAC-rosette forming cells, proliferative responses of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and to purified protein derivative of tuberculin were followed at two to four month intervals. All patients were clinically followed at least for five years or to the recurrence of melanoma. Only slight variations occurred in the number of E- and EAC-rosette forming cells and in the responses to mitogens during levamisole treatment. Five out of 30 patients were alive without a recurrence at five years after starting adjuvant levamisole treatment. We conclude that adjuvant levamisole treatment is of no benefit in radically operated melanoma with satellites or metastases in the regional lymph nodes.
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PMID:Long-term effect of levamisole on the immune functions in melanoma patients. 349 74

Blood lymphocyte counts and various lymphocyte subsets, as defined by rosette tests, were examined in breast cancer patients and correlated to the extent of tumor disease and prognosis. One hundred sixty-six patients tested before or shortly after surgery were included. It was observed that the frequency of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes correlated to the development of distant metastases (P = 0.007) and survival (P = 0.022). A high frequency of E-rosette-forming cells was associated with a poor prognosis. The well-known prognostic value of clinical tumor stage and axillary lymph node involvement was also confirmed. A possible relation between the tumor disease and other immune variables was indicated by the finding that the frequency of EAC-rosette-forming lymphocytes (mainly B-cells) was reduced in patients with relatively large primary tumors. This relation was most pronounced in patients without axillary node involvement (P less than 0.01). In addition, it was observed that the blood lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in patients with three or more tumor-involved axillary nodes than in those with zero to two (P less than 0.005). Our results seem to stand in contrast to the generally held view that low lymphocyte counts and a low proportion of E-rosette-forming cells in the blood are associated with a large tumor burden and a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Blood lymphocyte counts with subset analysis in operable breast cancer. Relation to the extent of tumor disease and prognosis. 402 76

An autopsied case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) in the left atrium of the heart of a 29-year-old Japanese woman was reported light and electron microscopically, and immunohistochemically. Metastasis was found in the adrenal, jejunum, and cervical regions. This is the fourth case of MFH of the heart in the literature. The tumor consisted of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and histiocytoid cells, including giant cells and xanthomatous cells. Dense patches were commonly detected in all tumor cells. On frozen sections, histiocytoid cells formed EA and EAC rosettes, while fibroblastic cells formed EA rosettes only. Difference between them was also recognized in activity or amount of marker enzymes of histiocytes. These analyses suggested that MFH is a mesenchymal cell tumor with binary differentiation into histiocytoid cells and fibroblastic cells.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the heart. 619 71

The morphology and the proliferation rate of two metastases to the brain of human large cell cancer of the lung were determined following excision. TEM of the metastasis suggested one to be a low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, while the other fullfilled the criteria for an adenocarcinoma. Cell cultures derived from these metastases were studied as to their morphology and proliferative capacity when grown as monolayers and in spheroid culture. One of the cell lines obtained (Tp 242-C) was found to be anaplastic in culture and to show few special characteristics, while the other (Tp 362-C) demonstrated a number of unique qualities such as an inability to translocate both on glass and on substrate covered by extracellular matrix, an island pattern of cell growth in monolayer culture, multiple desmosome junctions between the cells, and the production of inter- and intra-cellular, villi- covered luminae. In spheroid culture the line Tp 242-C formed tissue-like tumorlets which of the original metastasis. These two new lines of human lung cancers, when fully characterized, may prove of value in biological and therapeutic studies of human lung cancer of the large cell type, the origin, homogeneity as a group and behaviour of which are still under debate.
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PMID:Growth and morphological characteristics of two brain metastases of human large cell carcinomas of the lung in vivo and in monolayer and spheroid cultures. 630 58

The larval stage (metacestode) of Echinococcus multilocularis was studied by means of electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) before and after subcutaneous transplantation to jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) and in their lymph nodes and lungs with parasite metastases. It was found that the metacestode consists of a network of solid, cellular protrusions (buds) of the germinal layer which transform to tube-like and cystic structures devoid or with a laminated layer. Proliferation of the metacestode apparently occurs by protruding filamentous solid cell columns (buds) from the germinal layer. Their tips have diameters of only one cell: they are covered with a smooth syncytial tegument without microtriches and are filled with undifferentiated cells which contain a nucleus with a large nucleolus. The tegument is constantly enlarged by fusion with the underlying undifferentiated cells that divide repeatedly. At some distance from the tip a cavity develops inside the protrusion, thus finally giving rise to a tube-like structure which may transform to a cystic expansion. Simultaneously, the surface of the protrusion changes by the formation of microtriches and the occurrence of an amorphous laminated layer. The latter is concentrically covered by connective tissue cells and large amounts of collagen. Within cyst-brood capsules, finally protoscoleces are formed from accumulations of undifferentiated cells beneath the tegument. The study has unequivocally proven the cestode nature of the cellular protrusions, and it is assumed that detachment of cells from these structures and their subsequent distribution via the circulation may play a role in the formation of metastases. The origin of the laminated layer is discussed.
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PMID:Proliferation and metastases formation of larval Echinococcus multilocularis. II. Ultrastructural investigations. 665 52

Cell-mediated hypersensitivity in 64 patients with melanoma was assessed by delayed-type skin reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzine (DNCB) and tubercullin as well as by lymphocyte enumerations. The immunological status of the patients was correlated with their clinical stage. The mean absolute and percentage counts of E rosette forming cells were lower in patients than in normal controls. Patients with distant metastases showed lower levels of E rosette forming cells than the patients with localized disease. No differences were found in number of EAC rosette forming cells between melanoma patients and controls. The mean absolute and percentage counts of null cells in melanoma patients in stages II and III were significantly higher than those in controls. Melanoma patients showed reduced skin reactivity to DNCB and normal reactivity to tuberculin. Patients with positive DNCB reactivity showed significantly higher total lymphocyte counts and higher percentages of E rosette forming lymphocytes than patients unreactive to DNCB.
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PMID:Some aspects of cell-mediated hypersensitivity in patients with melanoma. 697 28

From August 1st 1989 to May 1st 1993, 190 rectal adenomas and 75 carcinomas were locally excised with the TEM technique. The mortality was 0.4%, the rate of complications which required surgical re-intervention was 3% in adenomas and 8% in carcinomas. The final histology of the removed carcinomas revealed 44 pT1, 23 pT2 and eight pT3 stages. In two of the eight re-resected patients with pT1 low-risk tumours, residual primary tumour but no lymph node metastases were found. In contrast to this, three of the eleven re-resected patients with pT2 low-risk tumours had already developed lymph node metastases. After an average follow-up time of 14 months, two recurrences were observed in the group of the only locally treated patients with pT1 low-risk carcinomas. Both underwent a secondary procedure for cure but in late tumour stages. No recurrence was diagnosed so far among the re-resected patients.
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PMID:TEM results of the Tuebingen group. 786 55

Local therapy of rectal carcinoma with the method of TEM was performed in 98 patients during the period from August 1, 1989 to January 31, 1994. 56 of the patients had pT1, 27 pT2, and 15 pT3 tumours. There was no lethality. The rate of complications, which required operative intervention, was 8%. No lymph node metastases were found in the specimens of the patients with pT1 tumours, who were re-resected, because the margin of the primary specimen were judged to be not free of tumour. In the specimens of the re-resected patients with pT2 carcinomas, lymph node involvement was more common than remnants of the primary tumour. Two of the patients with local therapy of pT1 low-risk carcinomas developed a recurrence so far. A secondary procedure for cure according to oncologic criteria could be performed in both cases. In selected cases the local therapy of rectal carcinoma avoids the high morbidity and mortality of the classical operation. Live quality will be improved, especially if an artificial anus can be avoided. In case of a recurrence the chance of a secondary procedure for cure is not to be underestimated.
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PMID:[Local therapy of rectum carcinoma. A prospective follow-up study]. 888 Dec 9

Experiments were carried out on Buffalo rats with implantable Morris hepatoma 5123 growing in the skeletal muscles of the limbs. Mutein VI (a protein which differs from the native TNF-alpha molecule in its N-terminal amino acid composition) was administered at a dose of 10 micrograms per rat once a day in a cycle of 8 days. Control animals were given saline (PBS). Ultrastructural changes within the pulmonary tissue were evaluated with an electron transmission microscope (TEM), with special attention paid to endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells. Quantitative analysis of neoplastic metastases to the lungs was carried out. The animals given mutein VI compared to those injected with PBS demonstrated a decrease in the number of metastases. TEM pictures showed accumulations of eosinophilic granulocytes and monocytes in the lumen of the blood vessels. Enhanced activity of endothelial cells was observed. In pulmonary alveoli conglomerates of fibrin, and fragments of damaged cells were found, with erythrocytes, granulocytes and macrophages in their vicinity. The epithelium of pulmonary alveoli showed signs of considerable damage, including necrosis. The mutein VI-hrec TNF-alpha was found to block the neoplastic process, illustrated by a reduction in the volume of lung parenchyma occupied by neoplastic metastases. Also, the ultrastructural changes observed in the pulmonary tissue indicate the possibility of peripheral action of mutein VI after its administration to rats carrying the Morris hepatoma.
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PMID:Studies on pulmonary tissue after administration of mutein VI-HREC TNF-alpha into implantable experimental Morris hepatoma. 906 67


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