Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid has been often detected by aspiration biopsy cytology performed with ultrasonographic guidance. Autopsy studies also have often revealed small thyroid carcinomas, and it was concluded that most small thyroid carcinomas should not be regarded as a clinical matter. In this study, 112 patients with papillary microcarcinoma 10 mm or less in size treated between 1992 and 1995 were analyzed. There were 104 females and 8 males, with a mean age of 46.0 years. Diagnosis of papillary carcinoma was made preoperatively in 100 of these patients (89.3%), and 77 patients underwent aspiration biopsy cytology under ultrasound guidance. Seventy of these patients underwent modified neck dissection, and 63.8% of these patients had lymph node metastases. The number of lymph node metastasis increased as primary tumor size increased. There was no clear border or clinical differences between primary tumors 10 mm or less and tumors more than 10 mm. One patient had lymph node recurrence after surgery and another patient had recurrent nerve palsy at the first visit. Based on these findings, papillary microcarcinoma should be treated surgically.
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PMID:Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid. 976 59

Papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) of the thyroid is the most common form of thyroid cancer, which usually remains clinically silent until its incidental histologic diagnosis in autopsy or surgical material. Autopsy incidence varies from 3%-36%. PMC may, however, present with clinical symptoms, the commonest of which is cervical lymphadenopathy with or without palpable thyroid nodules. Other reported presentations include cystic neck mass, pulmonary mass (es), metastases in the skull or vertebral column. The upper limit of size to define PMC is 10 mm in most studies but many studies include lesions up to 15 mm in diameter. Histologic variants include encapsulated and partially encapsulated papillary carcinoma, circumscribed microcarcinoma and occult sclerosing carcinoma. Younger age and size less than 10 mm (< 15 mm in other studies) are considered to be favorable prognostic factors. Size alone, however, cannot be regarded as a determinant of prognosis. Older age, larger tumor size, distant metastases, capsular invasion and multifocality indicate unfavorable prognosis. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is an infrequent finding, since small deletions may be missed by southern blot analysis. Activation of oncogenes ret and trk have been reported in papillary carcinoma. Some authors advocate conservative while others favor aggressive therapy including total thyroidectomy with or without Iodine 131ablation. Additional investigative techniques are needed to identify the subset of PMC cases with a potential for aggressive clinical course, thereby targeting more aggressive therapy to an appropriate subset of tumors.
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PMID:Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: a clinico-pathologic and prognostic review. 1083 12

In this case a thyroid gland tumor was diagnosed with fine needle aspiration (FNA) in a 34-year-old female donor of a liver fragment for living related liver transplantation. This diagnosis disqualified her as a donor. The increased incidence of thyroid cancer in Poland presents the possibility of their occurrence in potential donors. Well-differentiated thyroid papillary carcinomas larger than 1 cm in diameter, as well as follicular and medullary carcinomas (regardless their size and or clinical staging), present absolute contraindication to donation. Papillary microcarcinoma restricted to the thyroid gland (with no metastases in local lymph nodes) because of its specific behavior and almost always benign course, requires an individualized approach. It seemed that when a recipient is in a life-threatening condition, we should consider taking organs from a donor suffering of papillary microcarcinoma restricted to the thyroid gland.
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PMID:Do all well-differentiated thyroid cancers constitute a definite contraindication to obtaining organs for transplantation? A case report. 1452 75

Papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) of the thyroid is its papillary carcinoma (TPC), which measures 1 cm or less (WHO). According to autopsy data, the incidence of PMC that cannot be identified during a patient's life is 1 to 36%. Proliferative activity was analyzed in 75 cases of PMC, by immunohistochemical assays using antibodies to the proliferation markers Ki-67, cycline DI, and MCM2 in paraffin block slides. The proliferative activity of PMC with a size of 1-7 mm is much decreased as compared with that with a size of 8-10 mm and TPC with a larger size. The proliferative activity of PMC with a size of 8-10 mm does not differ from that of PPC of a larger size. The proliferative activity of PMC does not correlate with the presence of tumor metastases or depend on the presence of a tumor capsule, but it is significantly increased in the tumors with some high-grade component PMC more than 50% and in those with invasion.
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PMID:[Proliferative activity of thyroid papillary microcarcinoma]. 1714 24

Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid (PMCT) is defined as papillary carcinoma measuring 1.0 cm or less. PCMT are frequently detected by ultrasonographic screening and ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Although PMCT can pathologically show a high incidence of multifocality and lymph node metastasis in surgical specimens, most tumors grow slowly or not at all when they are monitored without surgery. In our observations only 6.7% of PMCT enlarged by 3.0 mm or more in diameter during 5 years of follow-up, and nodal metastases became detectable in 1.7% of patients overall. Observation without surgery could, therefore, be an attractive alternative for patients with low-risk PMCT; however, occult PMCT, which are diagnosed as the origin of lymph node or distant metastasis, show a worse prognosis. Even among incidentally detected PMCT, tumors with ultrasonographically detectable nodal metastasis are more likely to recur. Because such PMCT are most likely to recur in the regional lymph nodes, careful therapeutic neck dissection and total thyroidectomy are required. For incidentally detected and low-risk PMCT, careful observation without surgery might be acceptable, but careful and systematic surgery should be performed for patients with PMCT demonstrating aggressive characteristics.
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PMID:A therapeutic strategy for incidentally detected papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid. 1731 32

Thyroid cancer commonly present with a thyroid nodule, a few with cervical lymphadenopathy or metastases. Total of 1320 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) managed in Surgical department, Government General Hospital, Chennai, India for a period of 11 years (1990-2001) were analyzed and 600 patients followed up for a mean of 5.5 years (range, 1-11 years). Aim was to discuss the advantage of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in increasing the preoperative pick up of DTC, Papillary microcarcinoma, advantages of total thyroidectomy as the initial operation for DTC and management of thyroid remnant by completion thyroidectomy or radioiodine I 131 ablation. McNemer's test used for estimating efficacy of ultra sound guided (USG) FNAC, Kaplan-meier survival analysis to calculate mortality and Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis for disease free survival were used in the study.
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PMID:Differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: a paradigm shift in surgical approach. 1882 75

Papillary carcinoma is the most common form of thyroid cancer. It is a relatively indolent disease, which commonly remains clinically silent until its incidental histological diagnosis in surgical material or at autopsy. A tumour less than 10 mm in size is termed a papillary microcarcinoma. Papillary microcarcinoma may present with clinical symptoms, most commonly jugulodigastric and pretracheal lymphadenopathy with or without palpable thyroid nodules. Isolated submandibular metastases are rare. We present the case of a submandibular metastasis arising from a solitary 3 mm papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid on the contralateral side in a 46-year-old woman. We describe the ultrasound and MRI characteristics of the submandibular mass. The ultrasound findings in particular were suggestive of a thyroid malignancy and prompted detailed examination of the thyroid gland. Clinical and radiological examination of the thyroid was normal. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first report of a papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid presenting as a contralateral and isolated submandibular mass.
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PMID:Isolated submandibular metastasis from a contralateral thyroid papillary microcarcinoma: an unusual case. 2002 13

Differentiated thyroid cancers are the most common malignancies arising in thyroid gland. Papillary thyroid cancer presents a very favorable prognosis, while follicular type is slightly more aggressive, mainly for its attitude to hematogenous spreading with distant metastases. Papillary microcarcinoma (10 mm or less) has an excellent prognosis, largely demonstrated, and its management is changed in the last few years, reducing surgical procedure, role of radio iodine ablation (RAI) and TSH suppression. But no effective data are available for follicular thyroid microcarcinoma (mFTC); very few reports and studies are present in literature about mFTC, mainly for its low incidence. Aim of this paper is to review current literature to reach, in absence of evidence, some suggestion in managing mFTC.
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PMID:Thyroid follicular microcarcinoma. 3205 99