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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC) has been recently redefined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification but the appropriate treatment remains unclear. We reviewed 18 consecutive resected cases of LCNEC. Two pathologists assessed diagnosis by applying rigorously the last WHO criteria. We reported the pathological features and the clinical outcome of this particular tumour. All patients were men with a median age of 63 years. Clinicopathologic stages corresponded to stage I (n = 8), II (n = 8) and IIIA (n = 2). All patients were treated as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and underwent surgery without any adjuvant treatment except four post-operative radiotherapy for N2 or T3 disease. The evolution was pejorative for 14 patients: one patient died of post-operative complications and 13 patients relapsed with distant metastases that occurred in 10 cases within 6 months after surgery. One-year survival rate was 27% and survival rate at the end of follow-up was 22%, which were both less than expected for stage-comparable NSCLC. Survival was neither influenced by lymph node status nor by pathological or molecular findings. Among the 10 evaluable patients with metastatic disease that received palliative platin-etoposide chemotherapy only two had partial tumour regressions (20%). Our study suggests that applying to LCNEC the NSCLC standard treatment lead to poor prognosis even in localised disease with a high incidence of early metastatic spread and a low response rate to chemotherapy. This way of relapse underlies the necessity of an efficient chemotherapy in order to improve survival.
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PMID:Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: pathological study and clinical outcome of 18 resected cases. 1223 98

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare. A 55 year old woman presented with an ampullary tumour causing pancreaticobiliary obstruction and a pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumour was diagnosed as a CD117 positive large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with glandular differentiation. Four months later the patient developed a general recurrence. The metastatic tumours showed CD117 negativity and pure neuroendocrine features. The patient died of disease six months after diagnosis. It is postulated that the two components originated from a common multipotential stem cell. The clinical behaviour of ampullary large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas appears to be highly aggressive, with early metastases and a fatal outcome.
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PMID:Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater with glandular differentiation. 1545 69

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary is a recently described tumour entity that is now included in the WHO classification of primary ovarian neoplasms. Although mostly in stage I at diagnosis, this tumour shows an aggressive clinical behaviour with subsequent metastases and mean survival is less than one year. In addition to the neuroendocrine carcinoma, most cases also have a malignant surface epithelial tumour component. I here report a 64-year-old woman who was operated on for a right-sided ovarian large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma without a surface epithelial component, which constitutes only the second reported tumour of this "pure" kind. Histological and immunohistochemical findings are described and a review of the literature is presented. The patient was treated postoperatively with chemotherapy. She developed bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis that responded well to treatment with steroids. There have been no signs of local tumour recurrence or metastases at follow-up examinations during the first 9 months after the operation.
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PMID:Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary. 1729 84

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary is a rare recently established entity. Few cases have been reported in the literature, and they are usually associated with another type of surface epithelial tumor. The association of a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with a surface epithelial tumor and a teratoma is even rarer, with only two cases previously described. We report the cases of two patients in their fifties who presented with a growing abdominal mass and died of metastatic disease within less than a year. Histological assessment revealed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma admixed with mucinous adenocarcinoma and teratoma. Different hypotheses regarding the origin of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary are discussed. The immunohistochemical pattern of staining for cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 suggests that the composite epithelial tumors originated from the pre-existing teratoma.
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PMID:Mixed ovarian large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and teratoma: a report of two cases and review of the literature. 1957 82

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is a rare and aggressive tumour with a poor prognosis. Lung cancer metastases to the prostate are also uncommon, and are usually found incidentally during autopsy. Most reported primary lung cancers with prostatic metastases are small cell carcinomas, and prostatic metastases from LCNEC of the lung have not been reported previously. This case report describes a 70-year-old man with LCNEC of the lung and metastases in the prostate, brain, bone, liver and lymph nodes.
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PMID:Prostatic metastasis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. 1965 56

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LCNEC)is a relatively new category with biological behavior similar to small cell carcinoma. Thus, it is reportedly well treated by the same chemotherapy as for small cell carcinoma. We experienced a case of gastric large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, treated very effectively by CDDP+CPT-11.60 mg/m(2) of CDDP was administered on day 1, and 60 mg/m(2) of CPT-11 on day 1, 8 and 15. An intermission after administration for 14 days made for one course. Four courses were carried out. A complete response was obtained for a primary gastric lesion and liver metastasis, and a partial response was obtained for lymph node metastases. So far it has showed no change for 6 months after chemotherapy. Both CDDP and CPT-11 are key drugs in the chemotherapy for common gastric cancer, and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from poorly-differentiated gastric cancer. We found this combination chemotherapy is a suitable regimen for the assumed existence of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma at the gastric lesion.
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PMID:[A case of gastric large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) for whom chemotherapy of CDDP+CPT-11 proved very effective]. 2049 23

Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors comprise 20% of all lung cancers. They are separated into 4 subgroups: typical carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small-cell lung carcinoma. The major symptoms present in 60% of patients are cough, hemoptysis, and obstructive pneumonia. They may also exhibit hormonally related symptoms e.g. carcinoid syndrome. Small cell lung cancer is the most common subgroup, with rapid progression, aggressive metastatic potential and the worst prognosis. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is rare but also has a poor prognosis. Typical carcinoid may be accompanied with hormone related symptoms and has the best prognosis; atypical one on the contrary may cause lymph node and distant metastases in half of the cases. Elevated plasma levels of chromogranin-A are present in majority of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and act as tumor marker. The mainstay of treatment is radical surgery if possible. In locally advanced or metastatic disease combination chemotherapy and somatostatin-analogues may have beneficial effect. This review focuses on the general features, and current diagnostic options of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.
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PMID:[Symptoms and diagnostics of lung neuroendocrine tumors]. 2135 52

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation showing aggressive clinical behavior. We herein report a case of gallbladder LCNEC, which was difficult to differentiate from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. An imprint cytology was very useful for the final diagnosis in this case. A 56-year-old male with left exophthalmos was admitted to the hospital. Radiological examinations revealed the presence of a left gallbladder tumor with orbital metastasis. The histological diagnosis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and intensive chemoradiotherapy was administered. Unfortunately, the patient died of extensive metastases 36 months after the initial onset of symptoms. An autopsy revealed a tumor mass in the gallbladder associated with multiple liver and peritoneal metastases. Imprint cytology of the main tumor revealed cytological features of LCNEC, and additional histological examinations confirmed this diagnosis. Although performing a histological examination is important for making a final diagnosis, imprint cytology is powerful tool for differential diagnosis of LCNEC, especially in patients with carcinoma with poor differentiation.
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PMID:Imprint cytological feature of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder: a case report. 2361 24

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are ubiquitous tumors found throughout the body, most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract followed by the thorax. Neuroendocrine cells occur normally in the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and may be solitary or may occur in clusters. Although neuroendocrine cell proliferations may be found in association with chronic lung disease, a broad range of neuroendocrine proliferations and neoplasms may occur and exhibit variable biologic behavior. Diffuse idiopathic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a diffuse idiopathic form of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and is considered a preinvasive lesion that may give rise to carcinoid tumors. Patients with DIPNECH are typically older women who may be asymptomatic or may present with chronic respiratory symptoms. DIPNECH manifests as multifocal bilateral pulmonary micronodules on expiratory high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) images; the air trapping is secondary to constrictive bronchiolitis. Carcinoid tumors are low-grade malignant neoplasms that typically affect symptomatic children and young adults. Carcinoids manifest as well-defined pulmonary nodules or masses that are often closely related to central bronchi. They may exhibit intrinsic calcification and contrast material enhancement at CT, and patients with carcinoids may have postobstructive atelectasis and pneumonia. Although typical carcinoids are indolent neoplasms and patients have a good prognosis, atypical carcinoids are aggressive malignancies with a propensity for metastasis. Both are optimally treated with complete surgical excision. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung cancer are highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancies that usually affect elderly smokers. These tumors manifest with large peripheral or central pulmonary masses. Local invasion, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, and distant metastases are frequent at presentation. As a result, affected patients may not be candidates for surgical resection, are often treated with chemotherapy with or without radiation, and have a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine proliferations and neoplasms. 2426 Jul 92

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) in the biliary system is a poorly differentiated, high-grade neuroendocrine tumor. These tumors exhibit aggressive behavior and an increased tendency for early nodal and distant metastases. Herein, we report an unusual case of a pure primary LCNEC of the common bile duct (CBD). A 75-year-old female presented with nausea and jaundice. The patient underwent a CBD excision with lymph node dissection. Upon histological and immunohistochemical examination, the tumor exhibited pure large cell-type neuroendocrine features. Metastases were noted in two of the eight lymph nodes. The patient was administered adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient's cancer recurred 7 mo after surgery, and the patient died from liver failure 5 mo after recurrence. The prognosis of LCNEC of CBD remains poor despite curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. The role of additional therapies, such as multimodal treatment including radiation therapy, must be further studied to improve the prognoses of patients.
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PMID:Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the common bile duct: first Asian case report. 2554 6


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