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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A preliminary report on a histologic malignancy grading of vulvar carcinoma is presented. A retrospective histologic study of 40 vulvar carcinoma cases stage I and II (TNM-system) with a minimum five-year follow-up was carried out and correlated to the course of the disease. Morphologic criteria characterizing the tumor cell population, as well as the tumor-host relationship, were examined and scored. The scores obtained could be divided into three groups that correlated well with the clinical outcome. The low-score group had no metastases or recurrence, whereas 82% of the high-score group had both metastases and fatalities. Depth of invasion was found to have a strong correlation to clinical outcome. A more accurate morphologic malignancy grading of such carcinomas could lead to a more individual and often less radical treatment plan.
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PMID:Histologic malignancy grading in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. 3 84

The classification of prostatic cancer according to the TNM-system in contrast to the older staging systems results in a change in radiological therapy planing. The radiological techniques for the classification of N (lymphnodes) and M (metastases) are explained. Together with T (local tumore growth) these categories define the outline for the radiological therapy. The different radiation techniques are explained.
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PMID:[TNM-system orientated radiological therapy in prostatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. 6 92

A new staging for the "inverting papilloma/ (i.P.), an expansive growth without lymphnode- and distant metastases, is suggested by means of bone-destructions which can be seen on X-ray films. The TNM-system should not be applied.
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PMID:[A new staging for the inverting papilloma of the paranasal sinuses (author's transl)]. 13 72

One hundred and eighty-eight patients with inoperable or unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma were stratified by cell type, TNM staging, and prior surgery and then randomized into two treatment groups: continuous radiation therapy and split-course radiation therapy. There was no difference in clinical or objective improvement in the two groups. Survival rates for cases of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adrenocarcinoma were the same after both regimens of therapy. Split-course therapy resulted in a significantly better survival rate in cases of large cell carcinoma but the number of cases was small. We doubt that the difference is clinically significant. Objective roentgenographic response was accompanied by improved survival in squamous cell carcinoma, but not in the other three cell types. Split-course radiation therapy is superior to continuous radiation therapy because it is better tolerated by the patient and because re-examination of the patient prior to the second half of split-course therapy permits the detection of new metastatic disease that has become manifest during the rest period and spares the patient the futile second half of radiation therapy.
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PMID:Comparison of split-course radiation therapy and continuous radiation therapy for unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma: 5 year results. 17 69

Three hundred and five patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas received linear accelerator radiation therapy at the Stanford University Medical Center between 1956 and 1973. All were staged by the TNM system, using the UICC Classification of 1962. Actuarial five year survival for patients with tonsil cancers ranged from 50% to 18% for those with T1 and T3 lesions, respectively. Disease-free survival was higher than actuarial survival for patients with T1 and T2 lesions, reflecting an alteration of the latter curves by deaths from intercurrent diseases and second primary malignancies. Actuarial survival for patients with base of the tongue carcinomas was approximately 35% for those with T1 and T2 primary lesions and 22% for patients with T3 carcinomas. Considering all oropharyngeal sites of involvement together, clinically involved cervical lymph nodes were controlled by radiation therapy alone in 60 of 91 patients with N1 nodal involvement (67%), in twelve of 25 with N2 neck disease (48%) and in 46% of those patients with N3 involvement (34 of 74). Eighty-nine percent of patients whose lymph nodes were not controlled by radiation therapy alone also had uncontrolled primary cancers. Over 90% of the patients whole cervical lymph nodes were initially uninvolved remained free of late nodal metastases if at least the regional (first echelon) lymph nodes were included in the primary treatment fields. The results of a randomized trial which compared surgery and radiation therapy alone and the two modalities in combination for the treatment of a limited number of patients with advanced cancers of the oropharynx, supraglottic larynx and hypopharynx suggest that surgery alone is not the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the oropharynx. Results of megavoltage radiation therapy in 305 patients. 17 94

With 60 cases of osteosarcomas a histological evaluation from + to +++ carried out for mitoses, osteoid formation, presence of multinucleated giant cells, and tumor necrosis. A subclassification in osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic type of osteosarcoma (according to Dahlin) and a histological grading from + to +++ based on degree of cellular atypism was also done. In our material no relations between these three types of osteosarcoma and chance for survival became evident. There was, however, a significant correlation between grade of atypism and rate of mitoses. Grading of oestosarcomas from + to +++ showed that cases with grade III osteosarcoma remained only seldomly without metastases during the course of the disease. Grade I osteosarcomas and also grade II tumors showed a higher number of patients with 2-year survival. However, neither correlation between tumor grade and incidence of metastases, nor with chances for survival were statistically significant. Nevertheless, characterization of osteosarcomas, by a histological grading from + to +++ based on cellular atypism and mitotic count is advisable, in addition to the TNM stages. This histological grading appeared to be more practicable than subclassifications of osteosarcoma by type which had been tested by us in a previous study (Konrad et al., in press).
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PMID:Osteosarcoma: histological evaluation and grading. 28 43

The increase of plasma cortisol in patients with tumors of five different sites compared with a control group of patients with benign surgical diseases amounted to: +39% (breast), +34% (stomach), +86% (intestine), +60% (skin) and +194% (gall bladder). The first detectable increase of cortisol occurred in patients with tumors classified T 2 according to the TNM scheme (+27% above the control). Highly significant increases were observed for T 3 (+82%) and T 4 (+77%) patients. Patients with palpable lymph nodes showed a most significantly increased cortisol mean value compared with patients without palpable lymph nodes. Similarly, the cortisol mean value of patients with distant metastases was significantly higher than the corresponding value of tumor patients without distant metastases. The question remains open, whether the primary site, the extent of the tumor or the occurrence of metastases is the main determinant for the cortisol increase.
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PMID:Tumor host relations. II. Influence of tumor extent and tumor site on plasma cortisol of patients with malignant diseases. 46 90

Metastatic dissemination of differentiated cancer was studied in a personal group with the following results. Invasion of cancer to adjacent structures can be encountered even in children with typical increase with age. The lymphatic spread to regional lymph nodes is typical of papillary cancers and in young patients. The same type of spread without the age-dependent decrease can also be proved, with lower incidence, in follicular cancers. Pulmonary metastases are frequently the only type of distant metastases and may originate from previous spread to lymph nodes. The isolated bone metastases a;e probably brought about through the vertebral venous system. Patients having multiple bone metastases or both bone and lung lesions are probably the only typical examples of metastasizing through the systemic blood flow. As the above types of distant metastases carry different prognosis they should also be recognized by the TNM system.
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PMID:Mode of spread of thyroid cancer. 48 44

In a group of 840 patients with thyroid carcinoma the authors found pulmonary metastases in 123 patients, i. e. in 14.6%. In 78 pulmonary metastases were the only remote ones, in the remainder they were combined also with other remote metastates, almost always bone metastases. Cases of "pure" pulmonary metastases were found in the whole group without a proved relationship to age and histology, with a slight prdominance of men, while in patients with a combination of pulmonary and bone metastases follicular carcinoma predominates and it is found mainly in patients of more advanced age. The biological behaviour of these two groups differs completely, and this should be taken into account in the international TNM classification. When investigating the biological properties of thyroid carcinoma, we evaluated in detail in a recent publication (15) bone metastases. As all remote metastases of thyroid carcinoma are included according to the classification of WHO under the common sign M1 (9), we wanted to compare some factors in the incidence of pulmonary and bone metastases.
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PMID:Pulmonary metastases of thyroid carcinoma. 52 23

The authors examined 206 case reports of patients with primary cancer of the lower lip and of 5 patients with recurrences after radiotherapy, who were subjected to the upper jugular excision during a 10-year period (since 1964 to 1973). Metastases were found histologically in 63% of the cases. Based on the analysis of the material according to the TNM classification, it is believed that the upper jugular excision should be indicated if a) tumors are more than 2 cm in size or in the presence of the infiltrative growth (T3); B) if lymph nodes (N1B, N2B) suspected of metastases are detected, especially in their unilateral enlargement (N1B); c) in the presence of local recurrence if the Wanach surgery was not performed previously. Such approach allowed avoiding surgery on lymph routes in 165 of 206 cases.
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PMID:[Indications for Wanach's operation in cancer of the lower lip]. 57 Nov 72


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