Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results of surgical treatment of 156 patients were analyzed. There were no metastases to the lymph nodes in patients with invasion of mucous membrane only. In patients with invasion of the tumor into a submucous layer regional metastases were revealed in 18 (19%) cases. Number of affected lymph nodes varied from 1 to 7 (2.7, on the average). Metastases to 1 lymph node were revealed in 9 (50%) patients, to 2-3 nodes -- in 5 patients, to 5-7 nodes -- in 4 patients. In 14.78% patients metastases were only to perigastric lymph nodes, in 4 cases -- to nodes of the second level (N2). Invasion of the tumor into submucous layer, location and size of the tumor were the main factor of risk of lymphatic cancer spread. Frequency of lymphatic cancer spread does not exceed 10% in any variant. In patients with proximal tumor, infiltrative growth and size more than 4 cm, tumor lymphatic metastases are diagnosed in each third person. It is concluded that gastrectomy or distal subtotal resection of the stomach with modified D2 lymphatic dissection is the method of choice in treatment of patients with invasion of stomach cancer into submucous layer.
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PMID:[Early cancer of the stomach: pattern of lymphatic metastasizing and its influence on surgical approach]. 1604 23

In the period from 1996 to 2007 operations were fulfilled in 120 patients with isolated pulmonary metastases of solid tumors (68 men and 52 women aged from 22 through 77 years): 46 patients with metastases of colorectal cancer, 28 - with cancer of the kidney, 23 - with non-small cell carcinoma of lung, 7 - with breast cancer, 9 - with endometrium cancer, 7 - with melanoma. Altogether there were 128 operations. The operations have revealed lesion of intrathoracic lymph nodes in 29 patients (24%). In most cases (21 patients) they were lesions of lymph nodes of the lung root and intrapulmonary lymph nodes. In 93% of cases (27 patients) localization of the lesion coincided with anatomical pathways of lymph outflow from the affected part of the lung. The survival rate median of the operated patients who had alterations in the lymph nodes was 21 months, in cases with intact lymphatic system it was 37 months. A conclusion is made of possible secondary lymphatic cancer spread from intrapulmonary metastases of solid tumors and its negative influence on results of treatment that allows recommendation of revision of the lymphatic system of the lungs and mediastinum in all cases of surgical treatment of intrapulmonary metastases, and in a number of cases recommendation of anatomical resections of the lung tissue as operation of choice.
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PMID:[The possibility and prognostic value of secondary lymphatic cancer spread in intrapulmonic metastases of solid tumors]. 1865 11

Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UCUUT) is a disease with poor prognosis and a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis at 30-40%. Lymphadenectomy may be a possible surgical strategy to control the spread of lymphatic cancer, but its therapeutic benefit in UCUUT has remained controversial in contrast to bladder cancer in which consensus has been almost reached with respect to the necessity of extended lymphadenectomy. We hypothesized that radical lymphadenectomy may also be important for UCUUT since UCUUT is histologically similar to bladder cancer. One of the major reasons for uncertainty about whether lymphadenectomy has any therapeutic value may have resulted from an incomplete understanding of the regional nodes. Thus, we started our analyses by clarifying this issue, and found that the primary sites of lymphatic metastases encompassed a relatively wide area, especially on the right side, when compared with the conventional recognition. We further reported complete lymphadenectomy in which all regional sites which were dissected appeared to provide a survival benefit for patients with UCUUT at an advanced stage. To date, several studies from the other institutes have added supportive evidence for the therapeutic role of lymphadenectomy. Although there are several points to be determined such as the extent of the template, the minimum number of lymph nodes removed, or the candidate for lymphadenectomy, performing lymphadenectomy is unlikely to have a negative effect on the patient. In the future, we expect that controlled prospective studies will further clarify the potential role of lymphadenectomy in UCUUT.
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PMID:The role of lymph node dissection in the management of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. 2150 66

Lymphatic metastasis plays an important role in cancer progression and prognosis. However, conventional small-molecule chemotherapy drugs inefficiently access the lymphatic system, making the effective eradication of lymphatic metastases difficult without dose-limiting toxicity. Various formulation and nanomedicine-based approaches can be used to significantly enhance the trafficking of small-molecule, peptide and protein drugs toward the lymphatic system to enhance drug exposure at sites of lymphatic cancer growth. However, a number of obstacles exist in translating improved lymphatic exposure into improved chemotherapeutic outcomes. This review highlights the opportunities and challenges inherent in employing formulation and nanomedicinal approaches to improve chemotherapeutic drug activity within the lymphatic system and, importantly, at sites of lymphatic cancer metastasis.
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PMID:Drug formulation and nanomedicine approaches to targeting lymphatic cancer metastases. 3116 40