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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed available literature on the effects of inorganic arsenic on the skin to determine the potential hazards and to collate information regarding dosage and exposure to the incidence of skin cancer. Arsenic intake may result from occupational or medicinal exposure, or from drinking well water in areas with high arsenic levels in the soil. Arsenic causes a variety of benign skin lesions including hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis. Some hyperkeratotic lesions and squamous cell carcinomas in situ may progress to invasive carcinoma; other invasive squamous cell carcinomas will develop de novo. These cutaneous squamous cancers may metastasize; mortality is low, but has been reported. Locally invasive but non-metastasizing basal cell carcinomas may arise as well. These lesions occur in a characteristic pattern of distribution and are usually multiple. Observers reporting medicinally administered arsenic have described dose-response relationships between the amount of arsenic ingested and the frequency of various skin lesions. For arsenic found in drinking water, however, there is more controversy regarding the doses and exposure times necessary for cutaneous toxicity.
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PMID:Arsenic-induced skin toxicity. 266 2

We examined proliferative lesions on the sun-exposed, unpigmented skin of 13 cattle. Ages of animals at first examination ranged from 4 to 15 years, and 4 were observed for from one to 3 years, during which time progression to malignancy occurred in 2 of them. Early lesions consisted of keratin scales and horns; histology showed underlying acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. Advanced lesions were either squamous cell carcinomas or basaloid tumours with sebaceous and/or squamous differentiation; some were locally invasive but no metastases were found in the 6 animals that were available for necropsy. All 3 types of lesion could occur on the same animal. In early lesions from 11 of 12 animals, there was evidence for the presence of papillomavirus, either virions or viral DNA, the latter detected by gel electrophoresis and/or molecular hybridization. Viral DNA was also detected in 3 basaloid tumours and 2 squamous cell carcinomas from 4 animals. The DNA bound to a probe of bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA under conditions of low stringency. We suggest that both infection with papillomavirus and exposure to sunlight, possibly in conjunction with other factors such as a period of photosensitization, are involved in the production of this spectrum of proliferative lesions, which bear some resemblance to human skin cancer.
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PMID:Skin cancer and papillomaviruses in cattle. 282 81

A 50 year old male patient suffered from poikilodermatous skin since his 14th year of life. During the past 5 years hyperkeratotic plaques and squamous cell carcinomas developed, leading to metastases into lymph nodes and the lung and fatal outcome. To our knowledge, up to now 6 cases of congenital poikiloderma (Thomson-syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson-syndrome) in conjunction with verrucous hyperkeratosis and squamous cell carcinoma have been reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Congenital poikiloderma with verrucous hyperkeratosis. An unusual form of Thomson's syndrome?]. 328 99

Bazex syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome with characteristic acral hyperkeratosis, seen only in men with either carcinoma of or metastases to the head and neck. The author describes a case of Bazex syndrome in which recognition of the hyperkeratosis led to diagnosis and treatment of the underlying tumour.
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PMID:[Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis: Bazex disease. A tumor-specific dermatosis in squamous cell cancers in the area of the head and neck]. 341 Jul 52

Two dogs with metabolic epidermal necrosis had hyperkeratosis of the footpads accompanied by erythematous, erosive and crusting lesions affecting the muzzle, external genitalia, perineum and periocular regions. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies revealed a superficial hydropic dermatitis with marked parakeratosis. Both dogs had high plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase and high concentrations of glucose, and also a marked hypoaminoacidaemia. Despite these similarities, the cutaneous eruptions were associated with different underlying diseases. One dog had a pancreatic carcinoma which had metastasised widely; the primary tumour and the metastases showed glucagon immunoreactivity on immunocytochemical staining, and the dog's plasma glucagon concentration was markedly greater than that of control dogs. The other dog had diffuse hepatic disease; its plasma glucagon concentration was similar to that of control samples and cirrhosis was identified post mortem. Metabolic epidermal necrosis in dogs is a distinct cutaneous reaction pattern which may be associated with different underlying systemic diseases; however, the pathogenesis of the skin lesions remains unclear.
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PMID:Metabolic epidermal necrosis in two dogs with different underlying diseases. 763 36

Verrucous naevoid malignant melanoma is a recently described variant of malignant melanoma that may be confused both clinically and histologically with benign lesions. This study reports the clinical and pathological features of 20 such cases. These constituted 3.2% of all melanomas diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Aberdeen University, in the period 1970-1991. They occurred more often on the back and limbs of male patients with a mean age of 57 years. Clinical diagnosis of benign lesions (warty naevi, papillomas, seborrhoeic keratosis and cysts) were made in over 50% of the cases. Eight patients had metastases, seven of whom died of their disease. Microscopically, these lesions exhibited a spectrum of naevoid features such as symmetry, exophytic and papilliferous growth pattern, hyperkeratosis and pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia. The majority, however, showed lateral intra-epidermal spread and were composed of large epithelioid cells exhibiting various degrees of cellular pleomorphism. Histological classification was difficult, as more than 50% of the cases were initially labelled unclassifiable. The marked papilliferous architecture of these lesions made assessment of Breslow depth and Clark levels difficult. Initially, 10% of the cases were histologically diagnosed as benign. It is therefore important for surgical pathologists to recognize this unusual variant of malignant melanoma, as it may be confused both clinically and pathologically with benign lesions.
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PMID:Verrucous naevoid and keratotic malignant melanoma: a clinico-pathological study of 20 cases. 831 19

A 32-year-old man was admitted to the Magdeburg University Hospital with icterus and for further diagnosis of suspected hepatitis. He also complained of generalized pruritus, abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. The patient's history revealed the excision of a lymph node metastasis of the left groin showing pleomorphic macrocellular infiltrates, 2 months previously. The patient presented to our department with prominent hyperkeratosis of both feet, which had been present since early youth. The family history was negative. Both soles showed very thick, white and blackish hyperkeratosis with predominance of the heels and the forefeet (Fig. 1). The naturally occurring wrinkles of the skin of the toes were flattened. The palms were not affected, and neither was the oral mucosa. Further investigations revealed icterus of the sclera and multiple, firm tumors, which were located in the deep subcutaneous tissue, on the left hip, thigh, and buttock. From thorough clinical, laboratory and staging investigations, a non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma, with metastases of the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and several skin sites, was diagnosed. A skin biopsy specimen of the foot showed substantial acanthosis of the epidermis with hypergranulosis and excessive orthohyperkeratosis. The corneocytes were enlarged and arranged in a tile-like pattern (Fig. 2). The dermis was free of inflammatory infiltrates and human papillomavirus infection was ruled out by immunohistochemistry. Polychemotherapy was immediately started with 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin, and cisplatin, which was well tolerated. When the patient was admitted for the second cycle, however, his general health had worsened markedly. He complained of abdominal pain, severe weight loss, and nausea. Generalized metastases showed substantial progression. Chemotherapy could not be continued because of a Karnowsky index below 20%. The patient died 2 weeks later.
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PMID:Lung carcinoma with congenital plantar keratoderma as a variant of Clarke-Howel-Evans syndrome. 1278 74

In this study, we generated transgenic mice that overexpressed either a constitutively active human c-src mutant (src(530)) or a wild-type human c-src (src(wt)) in epidermal basal cells driven by human keratin 14 (HK14) or bovine keratin 5 (BK5) promoters, respectively. HK14.src(530) transgenic mice developed severe epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, and did not survive beyond 3 weeks of age. Four transgenic founders were obtained after injection of a BK5.src(wt) construct with variable phenotypes, and three lines (lines A-C) were established. BK5.src(wt) founder D exhibited a severe skin phenotype similar to HK14.src(530) transgenic mice and died 5 days after birth. Line C transgenic mice also exhibited significant epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, and developed spontaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin beginning at approximately 3 months of age (70% incidence at 1 year). Mice from lines A and B did not show a marked phenotype; however, elevated human src(wt) protein in the epidermis of line B mice was clearly evident. Additional analyses of line B transgenic mice showed an enhanced responsiveness to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced epidermal hyperplasia and cell proliferation. Analysis of the susceptibility of line B mice to two-stage skin carcinogenesis revealed that papillomas and SCCs arose earlier and in greater numbers compared with nontransgenic littermates. In addition, malignant conversion occurred more rapidly, and the SCCs that developed in line B transgenic mice had a greater propensity to metastasize to peripheral lymph nodes and other organs. These observations support the hypothesis that c-src plays an important role in skin tumor promotion. In addition, the data show that elevated c-src activity enhances malignant progression and metastasis in this model system.
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PMID:Targeted expression of c-Src in epidermal basal cells leads to enhanced skin tumor promotion, malignant progression, and metastasis. 1294 1

A 39-year-old female patient who consulted due to onycholysis, subungual hyperkeratosis and presence of exudate in the big toe of the right foot. The lesions appeared during oncology treatment of bilateral breast cancer with lymphatic metastases with paclitaxel every three weeks and capecitabine daily. Clinical manifestations are due to the involvement of the nail bed caused by the chemotherapy. These should be known and taken into account due to the increased use of this type of cytotoxic agents.
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PMID:[Onycholysis with hyponychium exudate secondary to chemotherapy with paclitaxel and capecitabine]. 1706 35

There is a group of low-grade papillomatous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the penis, collectively designated as "verruciform," that are difficult to classify. A proposal of classification grouped these tumors in warty (condylomatous), verrucous, and papillary carcinomas. Papillary SCC, not otherwise specified is the third distinctive type of penile low-grade verruciform neoplasms. We are presenting clinicopathologic features of 35 cases from 2 institutions. All specimens were penectomies or circumcisions. Mean age was 57 years. Sites of involvement were glans alone in 18 cases (51%), glans, coronal sulcus and foreskin in 13 cases (37%), glans and sulcus in 3 cases (9%), and foreskin in 1 case (3%). Papillary carcinomas were large (mean 5.6 cm) exophytic low-grade squamous neoplasms with hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis. Papillae were variable in length and shape. The tip was straight, undulated, spiky, or blunt. There was no koilocytosis. The interface between tumor and stroma was characteristically jagged and a moderate stromal reaction was evident in most cases. The majority of the tumors (94%) showed a low-grade histology with focally present poorly differentiated areas in 6% of the cases. The mean thickness of the tumor was 9.4 mm. The most commonly invaded anatomic levels were the corpus spongiosum and/or dartos (77% cases). Corpus cavernosum was invaded in 8 cases (23%). Vascular and perineural invasion were unusual. Frequent associated lesions were squamous hyperplasia, differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and lichen sclerosus (74%, 46%, and 34%, respectively). Nodal metastases were identified in 3 of 12 patients with bilateral groin dissections. Of the 20 patients followed, 18 were either with no evidence of disease (15 cases) or died from unrelated causes (3 cases). One patient was alive with evidence of systemic metastases and 1 died from disseminated penile cancer 32 months after original penectomy. In conclusion, papillary carcinomas were exophytic albeit, often deeply invasive low-grade neoplasms, with a low rate of nodal metastasis characterized by complex papillae, irregular fibrovascular cores, and jagged tumor base. Papillary SCC should be distinguished from other penile verruciform tumors, including verrucous and variants, warty and papillary basaloid carcinomas, and carcinoma cuniculatum. Helpful morphologic features for differential diagnosis are provided.
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PMID:Papillary squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) of the penis: clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and outcome of 35 cases. 2006 34


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