Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nineteen biochemical parameters, most of which have been individually advocated as tumour-index-substances for breast cancer, were measured in 51 patients with breast disease, 42 of whom had active breast cancer. Seven of these parameters were raised in more than half of the 17 patients of the series with overt metastases; these were serum ferritin (88%), C-reactive protein (87%), carcinoembryonic antigen (81%), acid glycoprotein (75%), total alkaline phosphatase (64%), sialyl transferase (56%), andthe urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (73%). The incidence of biochemical abnormalities in patients in this group compared favourably with the results of physical methods of detecting metastases. 7 of 16 further patients without evidence of distant metastases, but who had a poor prognosis as judged by histology of the primary tumour and axillary lymph-nodes, had abnormalities of at least one of the seven parameters. 3 of these patients have relapsed within a year of mastectomy. The results suggest that these biochemical tests could assist in monitoring metastatic disease and could indicate at the time of mastectomy, patients who might benefit from immediate systemic therapy in addition to local treatment of their breast carcinomas.
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PMID:Biochemical markers in human breast cancer. 6 63

Of 102 patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma, complete data on the serum concentration of 7 tumour markers were available from 90 patients, together with tumour grade, local stage and the presence or absence of skeletal metastases. The serum content of prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen, neopterin, thymidine kinase, osteocalcin, C-reactive protein and tissue polypeptide antigen was measured. By means of Cox's regression and multivariate analysis the ability of these variables to predict prognosis, i.e. death from prostatic cancer, was studied. Neopterin appeared to be the most efficient marker, followed by tumour grade, thymidine kinase and prostate specific antigen. No other variable provided information of statistical significance. In multivariate analysis thymidine kinase performed best, followed by neopterin, tumour grade and prostate specific antigen. Several serum tumour markers reflect the biological activity of human prostate cancers and their value should be further explored. They may become useful in the management of individual patients.
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PMID:Tumour markers as prognostic aids in prostatic carcinoma. 169 4

Four plasma proteins, referred to as positive acute phase proteins because of increases in concentration following inflammatory stimuli, are reviewed: C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), and fibrinogen. The CRP and SAA may increase in concentration as much as 1000-fold, the AAG and fibrinogen approximately twofold to fourfold. All are synthesized mainly in the liver, but each may be produced in a number of extrahepatic sites. The role of cytokines in induction of the acute phase proteins is discussed, particularly the multiple functional capabilities of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Other cytokines that regulate acute phase gene expression and protein synthesis include IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, as well as other stimulatory factors and cofactors. The physicochemical characteristics of each protein are reviewed together with the molecular biology. For each protein, the known biological effects are detailed. The following functions for CRP have been described: reaction with cell surface receptors resulting in opsonization, enhanced phagocytosis, and passive protection; activation of the classical complement pathway; scavenger for chromatin fragments; inhibition of growth and/or metastases of tumor cells; modulation of polymorphonuclear function; and a few additional diverse activities. The role of plasma SAA is described as a precursor of protein AA in secondary amyloidosis; other functions are speculative. AAG may play an immunoregulatory role as well as a role in binding a number of diverse drugs. In addition to clot formation, new data are described for binding of fibrinogen and fibrin to complement receptor type 3. Finally, the concentration of each protein is discussed in a wide variety of noninfectious and infectious disease states, particularly in connective tissue diseases. The quantification of the proteins during the course of various acute and chronic inflammatory disorders is useful in diagnosis, therapy, and in some cases, prognosis.
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PMID:Properties of four acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and fibrinogen. 170 51

The serum level of immunosuppressive substance (IS) was studied in 40 patients with primary oral cancer and in 79 patients without cancer. Its usefulness was evaluated as a parameter for monitoring therapy as well as recurrence of the tumors. Mean values for serum IS in patients with cancer and patients without were 687 +/- 284 micrograms/mL and 464 +/- 153 micrograms/mL, respectively. Normal healthy controls had a mean value of 431 +/- 105 micrograms/mL, with the cutoff value set at 641 micrograms/mL (mean +2 SD). Patients without cancer who had a severe infectious disease showed conspicuously high serum IS levels, and these values were closely correlated with their C-reactive protein values. The positive rate of IS increased in all patients with oral cancer was 58%. The mean level of serum IS in cancer patients was significantly higher than that of the controls (P less than .01), and the level was found to be more elevated as the stage of the disease advanced (stage I to III, 48%; stage IV, 68%). Histologic analysis of the tumor cells in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) showed that the mean serum IS level of those who had poorly differentiated SCC was much higher (937 +/- 181 micrograms/mL) than that of patients with well-differentiated SCC (616 +/- 159 micrograms/mL). Patients who had recurrent or metastatic cancer, or those who died from the cancer exhibited marked elevation of the serum IS levels, whereas patients who remained free of cancer in the follow-up period showed significantly lower serum IS levels. The rise and fall of the serum IS level was closely correlated with the disease progression and/or remission. These data strongly suggest that serum IS is a useful parameter for monitoring the disease stage as well as the effect of therapy on patients with oral cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of the serum level of immunosuppressive substance in oral cancer patients. 199 88

The systemic administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can lead to significant antitumor responses in some patients with metastatic cancer in whom standard therapy has failed. A limitation of this immunotherapy is the toxicity associated with IL-2 infusion. To assess toxicity, we determined aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1), creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2), total bilirubin (TBI), direct bilirubin (DBI), creatinine, urea nitrogen, and C-reactive protein in serum from 21 patients before and during five consecutive days of IL-2 treatment. Ten patients were followed for an additional five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. The IL-2 infusion caused liver toxicity and prerenal azotemia, as evidenced by significant increases (P less than 0.05) of all analytes except CK by day 1. There was a progressive increase in the results (except CK) for these tests until IL-2 treatment was stopped. Seven tests related to liver function (AST, ALT, GGT, LD, ALP, DBI, and TBI) showed increases, but the test results indicated significant improvement and moved toward the baseline value five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. Concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum were normal three days after the cessation of IL-2 therapy.
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PMID:Changes in laboratory results for cancer patients treated with interleukin-2. 231 Dec 9

The serum levels of circulating immune complexes (IC) were evaluated by a new 'direct' laser nephelometric assay, concomitantly with four acute phase proteins (APP), in 167 patients with various neoplasms at different stages. The present study confirms the presence of IC in the sera of cancer patients and, in the breast cancer group, there is a significant correlation with the progression of the disease. Among the APP, in several cancer groups, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein are more elevated than in controls, and a trend to display higher values is observed in the subjects with metastatic disease; particularly, the frequency of patients with 3 or more proteins above the normal levels is significantly higher in metastatic than in localized cancers (p less than 0.09).
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PMID:Immune complexes and acute phase proteins in human cancer: preliminary evaluation by laser nephelometric techniques. 258 26

We have shown previously in several mouse tumor systems that multilamellar vesicles (MLV) are an effective delivery system for generation of macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity by C-reactive protein (CRP). Here we show that resealed erythrocyte ghosts (red cell ghosts, RCG) can function in the same manner. CRP associated with red cell ghosts (CRP-RCG) inhibited established lung metastases of T241 fibrosarcoma in C57B1/6J mice. The degree of inhibition was comparable to that observed with CRP-MLV. In other experiments, peritoneal exudate cells, obtained from mice pretreated with CRP-RCG i.p., inhibited growth and pulmonary metastases of T241 tumor in the Winn neutralization assay. Similar results were obtained with MCA-38 colon carcinoma in the Winn assay. These studies indicate that erythrocytes deserve consideration as another delivery system for biological response modifiers.
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PMID:Use of resealed erythrocytes as delivery system for C-reactive protein (CRP) to generate macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity. 359 3

The diagnostic value of 7 laboratory parameters for the detection of metastases was investigated in 136 patients with verified breast carcinoma after mastectomy. The post-operative interval was 6 to 80 months (means = 27.5). 61 patients had multiple metastases as determined by physical examination, X-rays, computertomography, sonographic and scan procedures, while the other 75 patients had no evidence of metastases. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) proved to be reliable parameters for the presence of metastases; the combination of these 3 parameters had a sensitivity of 73.0% and a specificity of 94.7% in the detection of metastases. The additional determination of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), blood sedimentation rate (BSR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum iron (Fe) increased the sensitivity of metastases detection to 83.8%, but the specificity decreased to 46.2%.
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PMID:[Significance of laboratory chemical parameters for the detection of metastases in breast cancer]. 614 67

Peripheral blood specimens were obtained from 50 patients with various stages of breast cancer (I-II = 7, III = 6, IV = 24, treated and NED = 13), and 20 biochemical tests were performed. There are significant differences of hemoglobin, LDH, SGPT, serum protein, albumin, and alpha globulin values between patients with early (I, II, NED) and late (III, IV) lesions. Among patients with stage IV diseases, those patients with bony metastases had significantly higher values of alkaline phosphatase, alpha-1 globulin, IgA, and C-reactive protein than those with nonosseous lesions. Neither CEA nor pregnancy-associated alpha-2 glycoprotein showed any correlation with different stages or sites of breast cancer in these small series of patients.
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PMID:Biochemical evaluation of patients with breast cancer. 617 8

Two hundred and seventy-seven patients with a broad spectrum of neoplastic diseases, including 10 classes of solid tumours and three classes of haematologic malignancies, were retrospectively surveyed, and from the same sample of plasma or serum their concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), serum amyloid P component (SAP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured. SAA levels varied from 105 ng/ml to 105,000 ng/ml, and mean SAA levels were higher in patients with metastatic tumours than in those with limited disease (P less than 0.001). Similarly, CRP levels varied from less than 8 micrograms/ml to 328 micrograms/ml and were significantly higher in the metastatic disease category. In contrast, SAP levels varied from 32 micrograms/ml to 120 micrograms/ml and showed no difference in patients with limited or metastatic disease, although an overall slight elevation was present. CEA levels were available in 150 patients and were significantly higher in patients with advanced lung or breast cancer than in patients with limited disease. The correlation between mean SAA and CRP levels was significant (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001), suggesting that SAA originates as an acute-phase protein rather than as a tumour cell product. However, the consistent elevation of SAA in all tumour types and the more marked elevation in metastatic disease may make its measurement useful in malignancy.
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PMID:Acute-phase proteins or tumour markers: the role of SAA, SAP, CRP and CEA as indicators of metastasis in a broad spectrum of neoplastic diseases. 620 Sep 25


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