Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spinal cord metastases are an uncommon secondary location of a malignant neoplasm. They are rarely diagnosed during life and when that is the case, it is in the clinical setting of a disseminated cancer and very seldom as the first clinical manifestation. We report two patients, with no previous disease, who developed a progressive myelopathy. An intramedullary spinal cord tumor was diagnosed, based on the clinical picture and imaging studies. They were operated and biopsies showed spinal cord metastases whose primary tumor was a lung neoplasm. We discuss the clinical features in these patients, the diagnosis of progressive myelopathy in cancer patients, treatment and prognosis of this unusual secondary cancer location.
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PMID:[Spinal cord metastasis: an uncommon location. Experience in 2 cases]. 1208 Aug 82

The aim of this study is to evaluate the additional clinical information provided by whole body positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for initial staging of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity. PET scans from the head to the pelvic floor of 34 consecutive patients (22 male, 12 female; mean age 71 years) with histologically confirmed SCC of the oral cavity were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical information including CT of the head and neck and chest X-Ray or chest CT was compared with information on nodal involvement and distant metastases or secondary tumours obtained with PET. The primary tumour was identified with PET in 33 of 34 patients (97%). In 27 Patients (81%) the clinical N-stage was confirmed with PET. In two Patients (6%) additional pathologic loco-regional lymph nodes were found. In five patients more lymph nodes were identified with CT. Distant lesions were seen with PET imaging in bone, lung, mediastinum, liver and colon. In three patients (6%) distant metastases were correctly identified. In another four patients (12%) a secondary cancer was detected. One false positive finding was described with PET. In five of 34 patients (15%) the additional findings as revealed with PET lead to a change of treatment. Whole body PET provides relevant additional information to a standard clinical staging procedure in patients with oral cavity SCC. The detection of distant metastases and secondary primary tumours can have a great impact on patient management.
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PMID:Impact of whole body positron emission tomography on initial staging and therapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. 1279 96

To assess the severity of illness of oncology patients, it is necessary to distinguish patients with a single primary tumor from patients with metastatic disease occurring at a secondary location remote from the primary site. We developed a ranked list of cancer groupings and an algorithm that could distinguish patients with primary and metastatic cancer even if no specific code for secondary cancer was recorded. In patients with metastatic disease, the algorithm should also distinguish the primary site from the secondary site.
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PMID:Derivation of malignancy status from ICD-9 codes. 1472 53

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of death despite early screening and advances in medicine. Bone marrow metastasis often complicates the clinical picture by requiring more aggressive treatment and worsening long-term prognoses. Recent therapeutic targeting of hormonal receptors such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and estrogen receptor has shown limited success in treating localized disease for those patients whose cancer cells are responsive. Although traditional approaches such as chemotherapy have demonstrated many successes, these agents fail to target quiescent cancer stem cells, which might have entered the bone marrow where they might be responsible for the quiescence population. Following years of clinical remission, these dormant cells could lead to secondary cancer resurgence. To date, little progress has been made in the development of targeted treatments for receptor negative and metastatic disease. In this review, we discuss the role of G-protein coupled receptors, including neurokinin-1, neurokinin-2 and chemokine receptor 4, as novel targets in the treatment of breast cancer.
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PMID:G-coupled protein receptors and breast cancer progression: potential drug targets. 1734 17

We report on a suboptimal surgical treated cancer of the vulva with the accidental diagnosis of a second cancer within the completion of the surgery three weeks later. The patient was 48 years old, presenting with a central, multifocal, exophytic tumor of the clitoris. The primary surgery was: vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy ("triple incision"). However, the pathological examination revealed an unsatisfactory surgical result--on the one site (laterally) the tumor reached the resection edge, and on the other site (dorsally) the tumor-free margin was only 1-2 mm. There were 5 nodal metastases--4 ipsilateral (one macrometastasis), and 1-contralateral. The next step was total abdominal hysterectomy (co-existing 10cm myoma) and pelvic lymph node sampling (on both sites negative). We discuss two problems in light of the current literature: the preoperative therapy planning of advanced vulvar cancer (exenteration vs. neoadjuvant chemotherapy with subsequent radical vulvectomy, triple incision vs. en bloc resection, pelvic lymphadenectomy) and the importance of a careful evaluation of the cervix in each case of vulvar cancer--the coincidence of both tumor localizations is up to 7-10%. The diagnosis of the second cancer probably remains in many cases delayed.
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PMID:[Synchronous squamous vulvar and cervical cancer--a case report with literature review and analysis of therapeutic strategies]. 1862 26

Brachytherapy is one of the standard treatments of head and neck cancers. The main indications are: the oral cavity, the oropharynx, the lips, the peri-orificial skin carcinomas on the face, the postoperative treatments for T1-2/N0 cancers of the oral cavity with close or positive margins, the second cancers in previously irradiated areas, the intra-operative brachytherapy for recurrent cervical lymph node metastases from previously irradiated tissues after maximal surgical debulking. The major prognostic factors published allowed to improve the technique: using a leaded protection of the mandible, the intersource spacing (1,2-1,4 cm), the volume treated (30 cm3, i.e. three loops), the safety margin (5 mm), the dose rate (0,5 Gy/h), the total dose (65 Gy in case of exclusive brachytherapy, 25 Gy in case of a combination of external beam irradiation [50 Gy] and brachytherapy in the oropharyngeal carcinomas, 35 Gy in case of a combination of external beam irradiation [40 Gy] and brachytherapy in the oral cavity carcinomas, 60 Gy in case of a second cancer in previous irradiated tissues), the delay between external irradiation and brachytherapy (< 20 days). The pulse dose rate brachytherapy should improve results with the control of the dose rate and the optimization of the dose distribution. For high dose rate brachytherapy, more results are needed to recommend this technique for routine use.
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PMID:[Brachytherapy for head and neck cancers (nasopharynx excluded)]. 1882 84

Metastasis is a complex, multistep process by which a cancer cell leaves the primary tumor, travels to a distant site via the circulatory system, and establishes a secondary cancer. A deeper understanding of the molecular events underlying metastasis will provide information that will be useful for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The B16 and B16F10 mouse melanoma cell lines are widely used as model system for studying many aspects of cancer biology including metastasis. Compared with B16, which has a low metastatic potential, the highly metastatic cell line B16F10 displayed a higher metastatic ability along with higher expression levels of the metastasis-associated phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3). B16 cells transfected with PRL-3 cDNA (B16-PRL3) had metastatic abilities comparable to those of Bl16F10 cells. To study the molecular mechanisms that underlie metastasis, the proteomes of the B16, B16F10, and B16-PRL3 cell lines were compared using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. Proteins that varied significantly in levels between these cell lines were selected and identified using mass spectrometry. Interestingly, many proteins, especially those present in membrane fractions, were similarly up- or downregulated in both the Bl16F10 and B16-PRL3 cells lines compared to B16 cell lines. The list of similarly regulated proteins included heat shock protein 70, fascin-1, septin-6, ATP synthase beta subunit, and bone morphogenic protein receptor type IB. These proteins may play a causal role in PRL-3-mediated metastasis. These investigations open an avenue for the further characterization of the molecular mechanisms that underlie metastasis.
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PMID:Comparative proteomic analysis of mouse melanoma cell line B16, a metastatic descendant B16F10, and B16 overexpressing the metastasis-associated tyrosine phosphatase PRL-3. 1980 91

Among 659 resected lung cancer cases from 1994 to 2009, 57 secondary lung cancers (8.6%) were evaluated. The secondary tumors were synchronous, located in the same lobe in 10, the ipsilateral different lobe in 17, and the contralateral lobe in 13, or metachronous, located in the contralateral lobe in 15, and the ipsilateral different lobe in 5. Both the tumors were removed in 49 cases. Chemotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), photo dynamic therapy (PDT), or best supportive care (BSC) was selected after a lobectomy or segmentectomy of the 1st tumor in 8 cases considering the patient's condition. Lobectomy or segmentectomy should be indicated for the 1st tumor considering curability. Bilobectomy is adopted for multiple cancers involving middle lobe. According to the operability or pulmonary function, the same strategy is adopted for secondary cancer. Considering the patient's condition, possibility of metastases and the tumor location and histologic type, partial resection, SRT, PDT, or BSC could be selected.
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PMID:[Therapeutic strategy for secondary lung cancer]. 2095 50

Unlike normal blood vessels, the unique characteristics of an expanding, disorganized and leaky tumor vascular network can be targeted for therapeutic gain by vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), which promote rapid and selective collapse of tumor vessels, causing extensive secondary cancer cell death. A hallmark observation following VDA treatment is the survival of neoplastic cells at the tumor periphery. However, comparative studies with the second generation tubulin-binding VDA OXi4503 indicate that the viable rim of tumor tissue remaining following treatment with this agent is significantly smaller than that seen for the lead VDA, combretastatin. OXi4503 is the cis-isomer of CA1P and it has been speculated that this agent's increased antitumor efficacy may be due to its reported metabolism to orthoquinone intermediates leading to the formation of cytotoxic free radicals. To examine this possibility in situ, KHT sarcoma-bearing mice were treated with either the cis- or trans-isomer of CA1P. Since both isomers can form quinone intermediates but only the cis-isomer binds tubulin, such a comparison allows the effects of vascular collapse to be evaluated independently from those caused by the reactive hydroxyl groups. The results showed that the cis-isomer (OXi4503) significantly impaired tumor blood flow leading to secondary tumor cell death and >95% tumor necrosis 24h post drug exposure. Treatment with the trans-isomer had no effect on these parameters. However, the combination of the trans-isomer with combretastatin increased the antitumor efficacy of the latter agent to near that of OXi4503. These findings indicate that while the predominant in vivo effect of OXi4503 is clearly due to microtubule collapse and vascular shut-down, the formation of toxic free radicals likely contributes to its enhanced potency.
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PMID:Support of a free radical mechanism for enhanced antitumor efficacy of the microtubule disruptor OXi4503. 2097 54

Testicular cancer is rare, representing only 1 % of malignant tumors, but the most common cancer in young men, 15 to 35 years. Adjuvant radiotherapy after orchidectomy in testicular seminoma stage I, reduces risk of relapse. It aims to eradicate micro-metastatic disease in lymph drainage territories. In the case of adjuvant radiotherapy, the relapse-free survival of 96 % with an overall survival of 98 % at 5 years. The irradiation volume is made up of lymph nodes paraaortic which it is possible to add the ipsilateral renal hilum to the testicular lesion. The current recommended dose is 20 Gy in 10 fractions and 2 weeks, usually delivered by two antero-posterior beams. The acute toxicities, mainly represented by nausea and diarrhea are usually quickly resolved to the end of irradiation. Regarding toxicities long-term, preservation of semen should be considered after surgery because of fear of infertility post-treatment. The risk of second cancer associated with exposure to ionizing radiation, albeit small, is especially important to consider these patients to significant life expectancy. Nevertheless, developments in radiotherapy techniques and lower doses and irradiated volumes can probably reduce this risk further.
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PMID:[Stage 1 testicular seminoma]. 2112 62


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