Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the early 1960's lymphography was received enthusiastically. Expectations were high that a very accurate diagnostic method for the detection of metastases had been found. This enthusiasm subsided after it became apparent that small lesions could not be discerned and that the images demonstrated were frequently nonspecific. Better correlation was achieved with advanced stages of cancer but because the presence of metastases was usually already known, it was questionable if the lymphogram contributed much to the management of the patient. In recent years, after the examination was placed in its proper prospective, the value and status of lymphography in patients with cancer were reassessed. The radiographic findings were divided into direct, or actual demonstration of metastastases, and indirect changes--those changes resulting from replacement of lymph nodes or blockage of the vessels by metastases. Lymphography proved particularly valuable in the diagnosis and staging of patients with pelvic cancer arising from such organs as cervix, uterus, vulva, ovary, and from tumors arising from the prostate, testicles, and penis. It also proved valuable in the assessment of extension of disease in melanomas of the extremities. The value of the positive lymphogram is easy to assess. However, when one encounters a "normal" lymphogram, one must realize that this does not exclude the presence of metastatic disease; it merely demonstrates that the the time of the study no lesions were recognized in visualized lymph nodes. Therefore, the negative lymphogram should not result in any modification of treatment which would have been prescribed under the same clinical circumstances if one did not have the lymphogram at hand.
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PMID:Current status of lymphography in patients with cancer. 94 82

Surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy using MVP-CAB (Day 1; methotrexate 20 mg/m2, vincristine 0.6 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, adriamycin 20 mg/m2, and bleomycin 30 mg, Day 2; cisplatinum 50 mg/m2) was conducted in 12 patients with epithelial tumors of the upper urinary tract who had unfavorable prognostic factors (progressive disease which was pT2 or more, or transitional cell carcinoma of grade 2 and 3). The MVP-CAB regimen was as follows: A total of 3 cycles were given either before or after surgery. MVP-CAB was given at 3- to 4-week intervals before surgery, or after surgery if the patient had macroscopic residual lesions. For the patients with micrometastases detected after radical surgery, MVP-CAB was given every 1 to 2 months. The median survival period of the 10 patients who underwent radical surgery was 17 months (5-59 months). The three-year survival rate of these 10 patients (Kaplan-Meier method) was 100% in grade 2 (5 patients), 100% in progressive cancer greater than pT3 (6), and 80% in grade 3 (5). In two patients, residual macroscopic lesions after surgery were confirmed. One of them initially responded to MVP-CAB but died of cancer 21 months later, while the other one did not respond and died of cancer 8 months later. Two renal pelvis cancer patients for whom radical surgery was considered impossible due to distant metastases showed remarkable tumor reduction after MVP-CAB administration (one showed CR for liver metastases and the other showed PR for lymph node metastases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Adjuvant chemotherapy with MVP-CAB (methotrexate, vincristine, cisplatinum, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and bleomycin) for epithelial tumors of the upper urinary tract]. 127 58

Both CT and MR imaging have had a major impact on gynecologic oncologic imaging, and new technology and imaging techniques are still being introduced. CT maintains a role in gynecologic pelvic cancer imaging because of cost-effectiveness, high spatial resolution, fast examination time, and wide availability. CT is particularly advantageous for lymph node metastasis screening and guided-biopsy of metastases and recurrent tumor. CT currently is recommended for primary staging of ovarian cancer and advanced cancers of the cervix and endometrium, detection of persistent and metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease, and evaluation of recurrent gynecologic pelvic cancers.
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PMID:Computed tomography of gynecologic neoplasms. 163 Dec 87

Penile metastases are uncommon lesions: most often secondary to a primary pelvic cancer (prostate, bladder and rectum) they have a unfavourable prognosis. The appearance of disseminations is still controversial and there is not an efficacious therapy. Priapism may be present or not. The Authors report their experience on a penile metastasis secondary to prostatic cancer and about the evolution of this pathology. A review of the Literature is done.
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PMID:[Penile metastasis of prostatic carcinoma: a case report]. 183 Apr 11

From tumor registry data of 7316 cancer patients, we found 367 cases (5.0%) with skin involvement. Skin involvement was present at the time of presentation in 92 patients (1.3%), only 26 of whom had remote metastases. Skin involvement was the first sign of cancer in 59 patients (0.8%); 22 had direct extension of their tumor into the skin, 20 had local metastases, and 17 had distal metastases. Direct invasion was most common with breast cancer and second most common with oral cavity cancer. Local metastases were also most frequently caused by breast cancer but occurred in surgical scars in three women with pelvic cancer and in perianal abscesses in one patient with rectal carcinoma as well. Except for metastases from unknown primary sites, distant metastases were rare as presenting signs, and their origins were widely distributed. Our data show that internal cancer uncommonly presents with skin involvement. Nevertheless, an index of suspicion should be maintained and biopsy performed, particularly for nonhealing ulcers, persistent indurated erythema, and unexplained skin nodules.
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PMID:Skin involvement as the presenting sign of internal carcinoma. A retrospective study of 7316 cancer patients. 229 62

Penile metastases are uncommon lesions. They are most often secondary to a primary pelvic cancer (bladder, prostate, rectum). The appearance of a penile lesion may differ; priapism may or may not be present. The mode of dissemination is still controversial. The authors report one case and review the literature on penile metastases secondary to prostatic cancer. The essential point of their observations is the prolonged survival of their patient (7 years) whereas in the literature, the prognosis of these lesions is a rapidly fatal outcome.
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PMID:[Penile metastasis of a prostatic neoplasm. Apropos of a case. Long-term survival]. 307 60

The distribution of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) was investigated in surgical biopsies from 12 patients with pelvic cancer who were given an oral dose of 200 mg at 2-24 hours before the operation. The highest concentrations of HMM were found in tissues, such as omentum and subcutaneous tissue, that have a predominant lipidic component. HMM concentrations in the primary tumor were lower than in other tissues and were similar to those in plasma. HMM concentrations in metastases appeared to be higher than in the primary tumor, and in metastases with a diameter less than 3 mm, drug levels were two to ten times those in larger ones. Plotting the HMM concentrations versus time, utilizing the data from different patients, the elimination half-lives were found to be 9.05, 8.82, and 8.53 in plasma, tumor, and subcutaneous tissue, respectively.
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PMID:Hexamethylmelamine distribution in patients with ovarian and other pelvic cancers. 679 99

A total of 85 patients with recurrent cervical cancer were reviewed: 17 patients with recurrences were treated by radical surgery, 18 by radiotherapy, 29 by chemotherapy, and 21 cases received no further treatment. Survival was presented according to the site of recurrence and the mode of therapy. All patients were followed for a minimum of 24 months after recurrence. Of the total group, 14% are living without evidence of disease, 29% died of metastatic disease with no involvement in the pelvis, and 45% died of pelvic cancer. Overall, 22% were living more than 2 years, and only 2% lived over 5 years after recurrence. The NED (no evidence of disease) rate for radical surgery group was 47 and 44% for the radiotherapy group. There were no significant differences in median survival between the chemotherapy group and the no-treatment group (6.8 versus 4.8 months). New chemotherapy agents and adjuvant systemic therapy are discussed.
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PMID:Treatment outcome of recurrent cervical cancer. 688 38

Surgical specimens obtained from 21 patients with renal pelvic cancer, in which the tumor was located on the side of the renal parenchyma, were reviewed with special reference to tumor involvement with renal collecting ducts and/or renal parenchyma. Four distinct entities were found: 1) 4 tumors that involved the collecting ducts without invasion of renal parenchyma, 2) 4 tumors that involved the collecting ducts with microscopic invasion of renal parenchyma, 3) 5 tumors that invaded the renal parenchyma by less than 5 mm. and were microscopically identified as being without ductal involvement and 4) 6 tumors that exhibited extensive renal parenchymal invasion. The patients with intraductal tumors had good prognosis as did those with microscopic invasion except for 1 who died of lymph nodes metastases. Conversely, 6 patients with extensive invasion had a poor prognosis, 5 (88%) of whom died of recurrent tumor or distant metastases. The differences in these 4 entities may be important, especially if large numbers of patients are examined, and they may ultimately be shown to have a different prognosis.
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PMID:Intraductal tumor involvement and renal parenchymal invasion of transitional cell carcinoma in the renal pelvis. 796 91

Nevocytes in melanoma-draining lymph nodes can be mistaken for melanoma metastases and may possibly transform to melanoma. During the development of a new technique for managing high-risk primary melanomas, selective lymph node dissection, we examined 4,821 nodes from 208 melanoma patients by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Nodal nevi were identified in 49 of 226 lymphadenectomy specimens (22%), a frequency considerably higher than previously recorded (5-6%). Nevi occurred in 57 of 4,821 nodes (1.2%), in 84% of patients in one node, in 13% of patients in two nodes, and in 3% of patients in three nodes. Nevocytes were detected in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections in 38 of 49 cases (78%) and exclusively by immunocytochemistry with an antibody to S-100 protein in 11 of 49 (22%). Nevi were in the peripheral capsule in 93% of cases and in internal trabecula in the remaining 7%. Nevocytes surrounded a small vessel in 33% of cases. Nevi were more frequent in axillary (37 of 140, 26%) and cervical nodes (seven of 40, 18%) than in inguinal nodes (five of 46, 11%). Nevi were more frequent in sentinel nodes, the first nodes on the lymphatics draining a primary melanoma (11 of 284, 3.9%), than in nonsentinel nodes (46 of 4,537, 1.01%; p < 0.0008). One of 1,071 nodes from 50 patients with breast cancer (0.1%) and none of 521 nodes from 50 patients with pelvic cancer contained nevocytes. That nodal nevi are selectively present in melanoma patients raises the possibility of their origin from nodal melanocytes influenced by tumor products. Alternatively, the association may indicate that the nevocytes of cutaneous nevi can be disrupted and displaced by the growth of an adjacent melanoma.
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PMID:Nodal nevi and cutaneous melanomas. 866 31


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