Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the records of 73 patients with primary melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body with metastasis treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute between 1973 and 1979. At time of diagnosis of primary melanoma 71 of 73 patients had tumor localized to the eye and were treated with enucleation of the affected eye. The interval from resection of primary tumor to detection of systemic metastases in the 71 patients ranged from one to 201 months (median 43.5 months). Weight loss and abdominal pain due to hepatomegaly were the most common symptoms, and hepatomegaly was the most common physical sign. The liver was the most common site of tumor recurrence, occurring in 44 of 71 patients. Among liver enzymes, serum lactic dehydrogenase was found to be the most sensitive indicator of liver metastasis and was elevated in 96% of patients with tumor in the liver. Liver involvement with tumor was associated with poor response to chemotherapy and significantly poorer survival than involvement of other extracranial sites. The survival duration from time of development of systemic metastasis ranged between one and 31 months (median seven months), with a one-year survival rate of 29%. The median survival of patients from diagnosis of ocular melanoma was 52 months, with a five-year survival rate of 43%.
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PMID:Prognosis in metastatic choroidal melanoma. 724 14

During the 10-year period ending December 1976 ocular malignant melanoma developed in 99 patients in Alberta. To investigate the natural history of this disease we reviewed certain clinical and epidemiologic features of these cases. Of all the melanomas during that time 16% occurred in the eye, and of all the ocular malignant diseases 70% were malignant melanomas. The more malignant mixed cell tumours were much more frequent in the women than in the men, while the converse was true of the less malignant spindle cell melanomas. Within each cell type the women survived longer than the men. The actuarial 5-year survival rate of the entire group was 62%. Metastases occurred in 29 of the 99 patients; the liver was the only or initial site in 22 (76%). Our study shows that there has been no improvement in the survival rate of patients with ocular melanoma over the past 10 years. Our therapeutic methods must be improved.
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PMID:Ocular melanoma: a population-based study. 737 93

Ocular melanoma is the most common malignant tumor of the eye and accounts for 70 to 80 percent of all extracutaneous melanomas. Its biologic behavior differs from that of its cutaneous counterpart. To elucidate this, 62 patients with histologically proven melanoma of eye (58 uveal tract and 4 conjuntiva) at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1945 to 1977 were studied. The prominent contradistinctions from other head and neck melanomas were (1) a very high percentage of patients had either locally advanced or systemic disease at diagnosis, although the eye is the most sensitive organ; (2) regional lymph node involvement was absent even in the late stages of disease; (3) hematogenous spread involved single organs, most commonly the liver and the lung; (4) local recurrence was rare; (5) most recurrences occurred evenly in first 10 years after treatment; (6) regional resection, chemotherapy or both are advocated for distant metastases since they are confined to a single organ and are amenable to it; and (7) despite hematogenous spread and advanced disease at diagnosis, the overall prognosis of ocular melanoma is comparable to that of cutaneous melanoma.
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PMID:Biologic behavior of ocular malignant melanoma and comparison with melanoma of the head and neck. 742 36

Iris melanomas are less likely to metastasize than ciliary body or choroidal melanomas. In order to study this difference in metastatic rate, we developed a murine model of anterior chamber (AC) and posterior compartment (PC) melanoma. Eighteen C57BL6 mice were inoculated in the AC (n = 6) or PC (n = 12) with B16F10 melanoma cells and eleven mice were inoculated in the AC (n = 3) or PC (n = 8) with Queens melanoma cells. The animals were sacrificed at 12 to 14 days post inoculation and histologically examined. Results were that 8 of 9 AC tumors and 10 of 20 PC tumors grew. One PC tumor metastasized to the lungs. This model may be used to study anterior versus posterior ocular melanoma differences.
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PMID:Murine model of anterior and posterior ocular melanoma. 764 66

We investigated the role of signal transduction systems in the attachment of human uveal melanoma cells to matrix proteins. Ocular melanoma cells established from primary tumours attached rapidly to all substrates examined. Preferred substrates of attachment were collagens type I, III and IV and fibronectin rather than laminin, gelatin, arginine-glycine-aspartine, vitronectin, poly-L-lysine or plastic. All cells showed rapid attachment to the preferred substrates (80% within 10 min). Manipulation of intracellular cyclic AMP or protein kinase C activity had relatively little effect on cell attachment. In contrast, attachment was significantly reduced by manipulating either intracellular calcium or calmodulin. After 15 min at 37 degrees C, the calcium ionophore ionomycin (5 microM) reduced attachment to 25%, and TMB8 (50 microM), which can reduce intracellular calcium, reduced attachment to 60%. The experimental calmodulin antagonist J8 (25 microM), a substituted naphthalene sulphonamide, reduced attachment to 40%. Similarly tamoxifen (25 microM), which has calmodulin antagonist activity in vitro, reduced attachment to 55%. Both J8 and tamoxifen inhibited cell attachment to a wide range of matrix proteins, suggesting that this effect on attachment is not dependent on the presence of specific adhesion receptors. Reduction of ocular melanoma tumour cell/matrix interactions through manipulation of intracellular calcium or calmodulin may therefore merit further investigation as a possible approach to reducing metastatic spread.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1994 Nov
PMID:Investigation of the role of signal transduction in attachment of ocular melanoma cells to matrix proteins: inhibition of attachment by calmodulin antagonists including tamoxifen. 792 90

Chemoembolization has several theoretical advantages over intravenous or intraarterial infusion therapy for treatment of primary or metastatic liver tumors. This technique delivers highly concentrated drugs to the tumor, then arrests blood flow. This renders the tumor ischemic, while achieving a drug concentration in the tumor 10 to 25 times greater than can be achieved by infusion. The dwell time for the drug is markedly prolonged, with measurable drug levels present in tumor as long as a month after chemoembolization. Up to 85% of the administered drug is trapped in the liver, minimizing systemic toxicity. Worldwide experience has established chemoembolization as the treatment of choice for unresectable hepatoma. Metastatic lesions from ocular melanoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and sarcomas have been reported to respond well to chemoembolization. The technique also shows promise against colorectal metastases.
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PMID:Chemoembolization of hepatic malignancies. 800

Twenty patients with either unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic metastases were entered into a chemoembolization program with cisplatin and lipiodol; 19 patients were evaluable for response. Doses of cisplatin ranged from 40 to 100 mg/m2. Toxicity was tolerable and reversible and included abdominal pain, transient elevation in serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, and serum transaminases. Less common side effects include fever, ascites or pleural effusion, and hiccups. Two of four patients with ocular melanoma had partial responses. Duration of response was 10 and 11 months. Among 8 patients with unresectable hepatoma, 2 patients had partial response for 10+ and 13 months, 2 had minor response for 2 months and 4+ months, 1 patient had stable disease for 5+ months, and 3 patients failed to respond. Of the six colon cancer patients treated, one had a partial response in the liver, but developed progressive nodal disease, and another patient had a partial response for 3 months. Chemoembolization of the liver with cisplatin and lipiodol is feasible and doses of cisplatin at least 100 mg/m2 are tolerable. Antitumor activity in metastatic ocular melanoma is encouraging but requires further study.
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PMID:A phase I study of chemoembolization with cisplatin and lipiodol for primary and metastatic liver cancer. 809 12

A phase lb trial of a novel regional approach to adoptive immunotherapy is reported. Patients with liver metastases received continuous high-dose infusion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) into the splenic artery or intravenous infusion with subsequent transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells into the portal vein or the hepatic artery. Trafficking studies revealed homogeneous distribution of the LAK cells within the liver. The usual side-effects of IL-2 and LAK cells occurred without limiting liver toxicity. One partial (7+ months) and two complete responses (36 and 26+ months) were observed in 9 patients with metastases from cutaneous melanoma. None of 6 patients with metastases from ocular melanoma responded.
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PMID:Regional adoptive immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells for liver metastases. 814 49

In the attempt to contribute to a correct and early diagnosis of melanoma, this paper critically evaluates, in 40 patients with cutaneous localization and 20 with ocular localization, the results of immunoscintigraphy with 99mTc-225.28S-F(ab')2 and the clinical, instrumental and biopsy findings. While the cutaneous melanoma group is mainly composed of patients subjected to surgical exeresis of the lesion before radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS), the ocular melanoma group is composed of patients with the primary lesion in situ or previously treated with contact radiotherapy. In the cutaneous melanoma group 5 cases presented falsely positive immunoscintigraphic findings, and only 2 falsely negative. In the ocular melanomas, the percentage of false negatives was higher (n = 7). This is probably attributable to the antigenic expressivity, higher in the metastases than in the primary melanomas. The cases of particular interest are discussed in relation to the clinical picture, to the instrumental examinations and to the histological findings. The work made it possible to contribute to a more correct interpretation of the RIS findings in the staging and follow-up of cutaneous and ocular melanomas.
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PMID:Radioimmunoscintigraphy with 99mTc-225.28S-F(ab')2 in cutaneous and ocular melanomas: cases of particular clinical interest. 817 59

The American College of Surgeons performed a patient care and evaluation study of malignant melanoma for 1981 and 1987 to determine the presenting symptoms, methods of evaluation, clinical management and resulting outcome. A previous report on malignant melanoma of the skin has been published. This report details the findings of 245 ocular melanomas in 1981 and 275 ocular melanomas in 1987. Most of the ocular melanomas were uveal. The patients with ocular melanoma were older than the patients with skin melanoma. No significant difference was found in the number of ocular instances by gender and by study year. A high percentage of non-Hispanic Caucasians were documented with this disease, and a high percentage of ocular melanomas were not classified by the standard Callender classification. A significant number of melanomas had pigmentation, and a significant number of patients had imaging studies that, in the absence of an elevated alkaline phosphatase, usually yielded negative results. Most patients were treated with enucleation, with an increase in frequency of radiation therapy from 1981 to 1987. Local and regional recurrence was not a problem, but systemic metastases occurred frequently. Type of histologic factors by the Callender classification had an influence on survival.
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PMID:Patient characteristics, methods of evaluation and treatment of ocular melanoma in the United States for the years 1981 and 1987. 821 2


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