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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuroblastoma may be extremely difficult to recognize, particularly when the tumor presents as a primary central nervous system disease. Central nervous system involvement may be considered as primary intracerebral neuroblastoma, metastases to the cranium from an occult primary, primary intraorbital neuroblastoma originating in the ciliary ganglion, metastatic intraorbital neuroblastoma from an occult primary, primary intraspinal neuroblastoma originating in dorsal root ganglia, intraspinal metastatic disease, and distant effects such as myoclonic encephalopathy. Primary neuroblastoma within the ciliary ganglion and primary intraspinal neuroblastoma are extremely rare entities. Illustrative cases the demonstrate the broad spectrum of neurologic presentations are offered. The second known report of neuroblastoma in association with primary pulmonary hypoventilation (Ondine curse) is included.
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PMID:Neuroblastoma presenting as central nervous system disease. 681 38

Neuroblastoma presenting with wide spread osseous metastases (stage IV) is generally considered incurable. However, rare cases of spontaneous regression and cure are on record. This report deals with such a case in which an infant received steroids as sole treatment for developing skeletal pain. Established metastases to the brain, scalp and skeleton disappeared. Today 4 1/2 years later the patient is free from symptoms and signs of tumour.
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PMID:Spontaneous regression of stage IV neuroblastoma. 688 Jul 39

Review of the pathology of benign and malignant tumors of the adrenal gland. Generally, all neoplasms of the adrenal gland may show endocrine activity with respective clinical syndromes. Such syndromes may give first clues for the important differential diagnosis between hyperplasia and neoplasia. There is no correlation between morphology and function of the various tumors. Cancers of the adrenal cortex are extremely rare. They occur at any age. At infancy, neoplasms of the adrenal cortex are almost always hormonally active and malignant. Adenomas and carcinomas of the adrenal cortex are discussed with special reference to the difficulty of differential diagnosis. The prognosis of carcinomas of the adrenal cortex is poor. The five years' survival rate amounts to 10--25%. The dignity of phaeochromocytoma can hardly be established by morphology alone. Most of them are benign. Metastases of these tumors are the only certain criterion of malignancy. Neuroblastoma metastasizes very early and--in case of bone marrow involvement--must be separated from lymphosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and from undifferentiated leukemias. Cysts of the adrenal gland are very rare but they are important in the differential diagnosis of adrenal masses. Finally, tumors like myelolipoma are briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Pathologic anatomy of adrenal tumors]. 741 71

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumour of the sympathetic tissue observed in children, generally before 6 years and before 1 year in one-third of the cases. In most cases the primary tumour lies in the retroperitoneal region, and in particular in the adrenal gland. Metastases affect the bones and bone-marrow after the age of 1 year and the liver in infants. Children whose metastases are present at the time of diagnosis are the most numerous. The therapeutic problems posed by non-metastatic forms are almost exclusively due to the difficulties encountered in complete excision of the tumour. For this reason, tumour reduction by preoperative chemotherapy plays a large role in the therapeutic approach. The prognosis of metastatic forms is totally different in infants and in older children: in infants, hepatic metastases without bone lesions have a favourable prognosis as a rule and sometimes regress without treatment. In older children, the usual osteomedullary damage still has a very sombre prognosis despite the recent therapeutic advances due to high-dose chemotherapy with bone-marrow transplantation. Cytogenetic studies and molecular biology have improved our understanding of these differences in the outcome of the disease. Amplification of Nmy cellular oncogene, ploidy and chromosome 1 short-arm deletion are essential prognostic factors in this particular tumour.
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PMID:[Neuroblastoma. Current clinical and therapeutic aspects. Contributions of modern biology]. 814 33

Neuroblastoma, a disease primarily of infants and younger children, is a tumor deriving from sympathetic neuroblasts. The variety of tumor location, growth and biologic characteristics represents the clinical manifestations: the range comprises spontaneous regression up to eminently malignant development with resistance to any therapy. Sometimes the tumor is located in the patient's abdomen and becomes important as a differential diagnosis to the urologist. In recent years some important research work has been done, mainly in the field of molecular biology, supporting the hypothesis of two different types of neuroblastoma. Miscellaneous markers and imaging techniques with varying validity are available, but first of all the proof of elevated catecholamines in serum or urine, or the histology of the tumor, ensures the diagnosis. The international consensus for diagnosis, staging and response to treatment is a step of far-reaching significance. The prognosis for most patients, especially for older patients with metastatic disease, remains poor, despite the combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. Further attempts are being made to identify the disease in a localized or early stage with the introduction of screening programs-whereby the benefit of the method is not statistically proven. Treatment trials focus at the moment on autologous peripheral blood cell and bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Neuroblastoma. 852 98

Neuroblastoma (NB), a neural crest derived tumor in children, shows a characteristic pattern of dissemination that includes adrenal glands, local lymph nodes, bone, liver, skin, and bone marrow. We have reconstructed a similar metastatic pattern in SCID mice following tail vein injection of human NB cells. HTLA230, an NB cell line isolated from a patient with advanced disease, and its NGF receptor (trkA) expressing derivative (18-10) cells, consistently disseminated to the liver, the adrenal gland, and the bone marrow, but not the lungs. Metastases in the different organs showed a characteristic hemorrhagic histopathology, and tumors in the bone marrow presented as syncytia-like cell aggregates, typically seen in patients. Cell lines reestablished from 18-10 derived liver and bone marrow metastases maintained their cellular morphology, growth behavior, N-myc overexpression, trkA expression, and functionally responded to NGF treatment, leading to growth arrest and neurite outgrowth. Hence circulating human NB cells in SCID mice show a similar organ-specific metastatic potential as seen in patients, independent of trkA expression.
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PMID:A metastatic neuroblastoma model in SCID mice. 870 12

According to the report of the Institute for Medical Statistics and Documentation during the period 1980-1993, neuroblastoma was the second most common single tumor diagnosed in children (incidence 7.2%), followed by nephroblastoma (6.2%). The nephroblastoma or Wilms tumor is a malignant embryonic mixed tumor (SIOP classification) classified into five stages according to extent, infiltration of neighboring organs, metastases, and bilateral involvement. As a result of intensive interdisciplinary cooperation, this tumor has the best prognosis among the malignant tumors occurring in childhood. Depending on the histological grade, the relapse-free survival rate is 80-90%. Neuroblastoma is a malignoma of the sympathetic nervous system found in newborns and small children. In 49% of cases this tumor originates in the suprarenal glands and in 29% in the sympathetic ganglionated trunk. The classification of the INSS consists of four stages. The therapeutic concept in stages III and IV is preoperative chemotherapy and delayed operation. The prognosis depends on the stage at diagnosis. Despite pre- and postoperative chemotherapy and irradiation the results are worse than for nephroblastoma. In all stages survival is 50%, and in stage IV S 80%, and in cases of metastasis less than 20%.
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PMID:[Malignant tumors in infancy and childhood]. 876 86

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer for which a cure is elusive for most children with disseminated disease. Neuroblastomas possess receptors for somatostatin (SS). Some SS analogues can inhibit their proliferation. In addition, when SS analogues were used as agents for scintigraphy, neuroblastoma tumor sites can be localized with high efficiency. In this study, to better characterize the SS receptor subtype(s) (sst1-5) present in primary tumors and metastases of neuroblastoma, we show that: (1) The ligand 125I-Tyr11-SS-14 binding on membrane proteins from primary tumors and metastases of neuroblastoma cell line IGR-N-91 developed in nude mice shows similar values of Kd (in order of 0.1 nM) and Bmax (in order of fmol/mg) by filter-retention assay. These data are close to those measured on two other neuroblastoma cell lines: SK-N-SH and IGR-N-835 or to that measured on the rat cerebral cortex. (2) The IGR-N-91 sublines derived from primary tumor and metastases show one major complex of 57 kD by the chemical cross-linking assay using the ligands: 125I-SS-14 and 125I-BIM23014. One similar major complex of 57 kD was also detected in SK-N-SH and IGR-N-835 or in the cerebral cortex. (3) Addition of excess nonlabeled peptides selective for sst2 (BIM23014, BIM23060, BIM23068) suppressed the formation of the complex 57 kD whereas addition of BIM23052 or BIM23056 (sst5 and sst3 selective respectively) does not. This pharmacological profile corresponds to sst2. (4) Only RNA message of sst2 gene is detected in IGR-N-91 cells and its metastases derived sublines by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern hybridization in keeping with the presence of sst2. (5) In human biopsies, the complex of 57 kD corresponding to sst2 is consistently detected in three samples of the histological subset of the disease: benign ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma and immature neuroblastoma. Therefore, the sst2 should be considered as the primary target to develop more potent SS analogues for neuroblastoma therapy or/and scintigraphy.
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PMID:Somatostatin-14 mainly binds the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in human neuroblastoma tumors. 905 84

Alterations in adhesion to the extracellular matrix mediated by integrin receptors are commonly observed in a wide variety of transformed/tumor classes. Reductions in the expression of several integrin subunits have been documented in human neuroblastoma cell lines that over-express the neuroblastoma-associated oncogene N-myc. Neuroblastoma cells transfected with a cDNA encoding N-myc on a high-expression plasmid exhibit greatly reduced levels of alpha2, alpha3 and beta1 integrin subunits with concomitant rounding of cells on substrata. In the current studies, we examined whether integrin downregulation by N-myc is cell-type specific by transfecting a human N-myc cDNA into Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells and evaluating integrin expression. Several N-myc-expressing cell lines were isolated which exhibit reduced levels of beta1 integrin subunit protein and significant alteration in cell morphology - these cell lines resemble N-myc-over-expressing neuroblastoma cells. In addition to reduced beta1 subunit levels, the osteosarcoma-derived N-myc transfectants exhibit little or no alpha3beta1 integrin complexes, either intracellular or at the cell surface. Finally, reduced amounts of alpha3 integrin subunit in these cell lines occur at the level of alpha3 integrin mRNA, although post-transcriptional mechanisms may also be involved, particularly with inability of pre-beta1 protein to mature. These results confirm our previous studies demonstrating integrin downregulation by an N-myc-dependent process and, in addition, demonstrate lack of cell-type specificity in the action of N-myc on integrin extracellular matrix receptor expression when comparing neural precursor (neuroblastoma) cells with connective tissue (osteosarcoma) cells.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1997 May
PMID:N-myc over-expression downregulates alpha3beta1 integrin expression in human Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells. 917 24

Neuroblastoma, a tumor of primitive neuroectodermal cells, is one of the most common solid malignancies of neonates. Placental metastases have been described in rare cases of congenital neuroblastoma, usually in association with hydrops fetalis, placentomegaly, and widespread disease in the neonate. We report a case in which the unexpected diagnosis of neuroblastoma was made based on the postnatal finding of tumor emboli confined to fetal vessels of the placenta. Radiation and chemotherapy were given based on this diagnosis, obviating the need for an invasive diagnostic procedure.
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PMID:Disseminated congenital neuroblastoma involving the placenta. 924 Sep 13


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