Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the clinical aspects of 30 cases of trabecular carcinoma of the skin. Twenty-three patients were followed up for more than one year. Trabecular carcinoma of the skin is often misdiagnosed as a metastatic malignant tumor. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 68 years; most tumors occurred during the seventh and eighth decades of life. Most initial lesions were located in the head, neck, and upper extremities. Lymph node metastases developed in 13 patients, three of whom eventually died of the disease. Local recurrence developed in ten patients, four of whom died of metastatic trabecular carcinoma. The overall mortality was five of the 30 patients. Three of the patients in whom generalized metastases developed also suffered from some other severe systemic disorder. Nearly half of the 23 patients are free of disease. Sweat gland differentiation was observed in two cases, which indicates that the cell of origin is a multipotential unit capable of both neuroendocrine and sudoriferous differentiation.
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PMID:Trabecular carcinoma of the skin: further clinicopathologic and morphologic study. 689 31

Sixty-five cases of anal carcinoma have been treated in the past 20 years - 44 adenocarcinomas, 15 epidermoid carcinomas and 6 others. The sex ratio of male to female was 2:13 among those with epidermoid carcinoma and 27:17 in the adenocarcinoma group. There was no significant difference between the five-year survival associated with both kinds of carcinoma, though adenocarcinomas invaded more deeply and were larger. Lymph node metastases were found in 60% of cases in each group, but inguinal metastases were found in 47% of epidermoid carcinomas and 32% of adenocarcinomas; lung and liver metastases were seen in 13% of the former and 18% of the latter (there was no statistical significance). A new staging is proposed, supported by the five-year survival rate (in parentheses), as follows: stage 1-T1, T2, NO, MO (100%); Stage II - T3, T4, NO, Mo (66.7%) Stage III - any T, N1, MO (31.6%); Stage IV - any T, any N, M1 (0%).
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PMID:Epidermoid carcinoma compared with adenocarcinoma of the anal canal. 694 79

Evaluation of lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the prostate is an essential step in staging when radical management is still possible. For this purpose, lymphography, lymphoscintigraphy, thin-needle transcutaneous lymph node biopsy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy have been variously combined since 1978 in 20 new cases (T1-T2-T3/Mo). Pedal lymphography displayed a good correlation with the histological data offered by adenectomy, and proved indispensable for the execution of transcutaneous biopsy under fluoroscopic control. Pedal lymphoscintigraphy is less invasive than lymphography. It provided suggestive morphological pictures of the lymph node chains, including those outside the pelvis; these, however, were difficult to interpret and must be regarded as of great, but complementary utility. Intraprostatic lymphoscintigraphy by injecting the radionuclide into the gland capsule permitted visualisation of the periprostatic nodes and confirmed previous experimental and clinical data. Lymph node metastases were seen in 50% of cases. Their frequency was inversely proportional to the degree of histological differentiation. In all cases, the external iliac and "obturator" (internal chain of external iliac group) notes were involved. Voluminous metastases were observed in two cases of "incidental" (To) carcinoma. The lymphography contrast medium was always found in the "obturators". It is suggested that these findings underscore the need for careful lymph node examination, even in the earliest stages of prostate cancer. They also raise further queries with regard to the treatment of incidental carcinoma.
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PMID:[Lymph node staging in prostatic carcinoma Lymphography, pedal and intraprostatic lymphoscintigraphy, transcutaneous fine-needle lymph node biopsy and pelvic "guided" lymphadenectomy. Considerations on a series of 20 cases (1 September 1978-31 January 1980)]. 701 80

Lymphogenous dissemination of malignant ovarian tumor was studied by means of direct radiopaque lymphography in 113 primary patients. Lymph node metastases were detected in 63 cases (55.8%). Positive lymphographic results matched histological findings on distant lymph nodes in 76.0 +/- 8.7 and negative in 96.3% +/- 3.7 of cases. Most frequent sites of metastases were regional paraaortal lymph nodes (87.7%). Pelvic nodes were affected in 63.2%; since in 10.5% of cases separate metastases were found, it may be supposed that these lymph nodes are regional to ovaries, too. Inguinal nodes ranked third as metastatic sites (17.5%). Frequency of metastatic dissemination was found to depend on histological pattern of tumor tissue: they occurred in 46.3% cases of epithelial tumors, 73.9% - germinogenous and 50.0% of tumors of genital cord stroma. Metastases into lymph nodes were detected in 28.6% of patients with stage I tumors. Control lymphograms showed metastases in regression following chemotherapy in 56.6% of patients.
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PMID:[Lymphogenic metastasis of malignant ovarian tumors (bases on lymphographic data)]. 706 21

One hundred and four patients with bilateral breast cancers, detected clinically, were studied. Patients with synchronous lesions experienced the worst survival. Lymph node metastases in the second mastectomy had obvious adverse effect on survival. The development of scirrhous carcinoma in the second breast did not alter survival. A maximum of 21 patients might have been adversely affected by the development of a second cancer because of lymph node metastases in the second breast only. Survivorship data suggest the adequacy of treatment of contralateral breast cancers when they become detectable by clinical means alone.
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PMID:Factors influencing survival in bilateral breast cancer. 725 54

Sixty-one patients with lymph node metastases and occult primary tumor are reported. The patients were analyzed with respect to age and sex, as well as to the histologic diagnosis of the lymph nodes examined. In 24 of these patients, the primary tumor was found later; in 12 of these, not until autopsy. Site and histologic type of the lymph node metastases permit conclusions about the primary tumor. Treatment of the metastasis by surgery or irradiation ist indicated in order to hinder expansion and, in cases of late discovery of primary tumor, to take advantage of the remaining chances for a cure. The prognosis is unfavorable when the primary tumor remains undiscovered. In our patient group, the average survival time following confirmation of a lymph node metastasis was only 25 months. Lymph node metastases in the neck region are a special case. Here, the occult primary tumor ist sometimes cured in connection with surgery and/or irradiation of the cervical region.
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PMID:[Metastasis to the lymph nodes from an occult primary tumor: aspects of diagnostics and therapy (author's transl)]. 725 5

The accuracy of intraoperative frozen section examination of excised lymph nodes was analyzed in 40 consecutive patients with clinical stages A2, B1 and B2 adenocarcinoma of the prostate who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy immediately before anticipated radical prostatectomy. Lymph node metastases were observed with frozen sections and verified with paraffin sections in 5 cases (13 per cent). Among the 35 patients with negative frozen sections lymph node metastases were found with paraffin sections in 3 cases (9 per cent). Despite the potential for false negative findings we believe that intraoperative frozen sections constitute a practical method of pathologic staging prior to radical prostatectomy.
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PMID:Radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy: observations on the accuracy of staging with lymph node frozen sections. 729 21

To investigate the significance of the number of node metastases in gastric cancer and its relationship to traditional anatomical classification, 305 patients who underwent a radical gastrectomy and extended lymphadenectomy (R3/4) with curative intent were reviewed. Lymph node metastases was found in 191 (62.6%) patients. The incidence of lymph node metastases was closely related to the depth of cancer invasion as well as the extent of lymph node group involvement. The frequency of metastases in different lymph node locations was related to the location of the primary tumor. The 3-year survival rates for patients with node involvement and without were 42.1 and 92.3%, respectively. In node number analysis, the distribution of the N1 group and the N4 group involvement was rather characteristic and could be predicted from a node number < 4 or > 12. The predictability of N2 and N3 involvement from node numbers 4-8 and 9-12 was less satisfactory. On the whole, patients with a metastatic node number < 4 could be considered to be N1 and had a relative good prognosis. Patients with node number 4-10 could be considered as N2 and > 10 as an incurable disease with distant metastases. Both had a poor prognosis. The data suggest that lymph node number represents the biologic behavior of cancer instead of the anatomic consideration of conventional N stage. The number of metastatic lymph node number is a good prognostic indicator with similar predicting power as the conventional node stage.
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PMID:Lymph node metastases in gastric cancer: significance of positive number. 780 Mar 42

Invasive ductal mammary carcinomas (IDC) of 1 cm in tumour size or less account for less than 20% of all IDC. We have observed 167 such cases at our Institution between 1985 and 1989. These were divided into carcinomas with an extensive or predominant intraductal component (EIC or PIC, being least 2x or 4x larger than the invasive component; 90) and compared statistically with the control group (no EIC or PIC; 77) for known prognostic factors and for their metastatic behaviour. Lymph nodes were step sectioned in order to detect occult micrometastases. The median follow up time was 62.6 months. Lymph node metastases were seen in 10% of pT1a and 19% of pT1b cases. Significant differences were found when comparing the EIC/PIC group with the control group (pT1a: 11% vs. 0%, pT1b: 37% vs. 11% lymph node metastases). Also, axillary and infraclavicular recurrence rates were higher for EIC/PIC carcinomas compared with other IDC of < or = 1 cm (9.3% vs. 4.2%). This significantly adverse metastatic behaviour of the EIC/PIC tumours may be in part due to the more frequent occurrence of multifocal tumours in this group (in 43% vs. 6%), resulting in a greater tumour burden. We conclude that the overall risk of lymph node metastasis is not negligible in carcinomas of 1 cm or less in diameter with the risk being more than doubled for carcinomas with an intraductal component exceeding the invasive tumour by a factor of two. These differences were relevant only to regional metastases; the risk for distant metastasis and survival was identical after 5 years.
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PMID:Metastatic potential of small and minimally invasive breast carcinomas. 781 8

The bad prognosis of primary Fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC) is mostly ascribed to early lymphogenous metastasis. Yet, there is a lack of information on the tumor size at which lymph node metastasis must be expected to occur. Our study was therefore designed to correlate the anatomopathologic substratum and the histologic results with the lymph node status. Data were obtained from 21 women who received primary surgery, during which additional total pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was performed as well. The "surgical" staging was compared to the final clinical staging after histologic inspection of the lymph nodes according to the FIGO classification. Lymph node metastases never occurred as long as the tumor was confined to the tube (stage I). Lymphogenous dissemination set in only after further, local expansion of the tumor, involving the ovaries, the peritoneum, or the uterus (surgical stage II); 3 of the 7 patients of surgical stage II had to be reclassified to stage III because of manifest lymph node metastases. After the onset of intra-abdominal or general metastasis (stage IV), lymph node metastases occurred significantly more often (P = 0.048). Due to the specific lymphatic drainage, lymphogenous metastasis must be expected to spread as far as to the para-aortic region even in the early stages. Highly differentiated tumors (G I) do not disseminate into the lymphatic system, not even in advanced stages, whereas anaplastic tumors (G II and III) metastasize relatively early. As soon as metastasis has occurred, prognosis of life diminishes markedly, but not significantly (49 versus 24 months, P = 0.19). Correct FTC-staging is obtained only on the basis of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy.
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PMID:Lymphogenous metastasis in the primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. 1181 2


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