Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and fourty-nine axillary lymph node metastases of 35 female patients with invasive breast carcinomas were investigated immunohistochemically for their estrogen receptor (ER)-status. In addition, proliferative activity of the metastatic deposits was determined with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. Twenty-four primary tumours were ER+ and 11 ER-. Lymph node metastases were ER+ in 21 of the 24 cases where the primary tumour was ER+. In 10 of the 11 cases with ER- primary tumours, the metastases were also ER-. In any given case, the lymph node metastases proved to be either all ER+ or all ER-. Negative ER-status was found to be related to higher numbers of axillary node metastases and higher maximum proliferative activity of the metastatic tumours. Follow-up at 2 years after diagnosis revealed a significantly lower incidence of distant metastases in patients with ER+ primary tumours.
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PMID:[Biological significance of estrogen receptor status in axillary lymph node metastases of invasive ductal breast cancers]. 285 Apr 8

The clinical characteristics of 76 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma seen during a 22-year period are described. Lymph node metastases at presentation or later occurred almost exclusively in men, and the five-year rate of "node-free" survival was 62 per cent for men and 95 per cent for women. Node metastases were more common in poorly differentiated tumors, but site and stage of the primary disease did not affect the metastatic rate. Surgery scarcely improved the rate of survival of patients with nodal metastases. The authors were unable to confirm previous observations that embolic nodal metastases at a distance from the primary tumor do not occur.
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PMID:Lymph node metastases in adenoid cystic carcinoma. 300 98

Between 1980 and 1987, 54 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma in stages T0 to T3, M0, underwent staging by pelvic lymphadenectomy, 16 with associated radical prostatectomy. Lymph node metastases were present in 28 cases (52%). In this study, the presence of pelvic lymph node metastases was better correlated to clinical stage than to histological grade.
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PMID:Pelvic lymphadenectomy as staging before definitive treatment of prostatic carcinoma. 314 34

Amplification of the neu (or c-erbB-2 or HER) oncogene is relatively frequent in human breast carcinomas. We have raised a polyclonal rabbit serum in order to detect the neu protein product in tissue sections of tumors. This serum specifically reacted with a 185 kilodaltons neu protein in SKBR-3 cells, a mammary carcinoma cell line with amplified neu. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections of tumors in which the neu gene was amplified showed distinct membrane staining of groups of tumor cells. Sections of tumors with normal copy numbers of neu were negative. Lymph node metastases from tumors positive for neu overexpression also showed the membrane staining pattern, whereas lymph node metastases from tumors negative for neu staining never did. Neu amplification is thus associated with neu protein overproduction in tumors and lymph node metastases, and a routine antibody staining technique can discriminate a high level of neu protein expression from levels commonly present in tumors with normal neu copy numbers.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of the neu protein in tissue sections of human breast tumors with amplified neu DNA. 328 95

During a period of 2 1/2 years palpation and high-resolution real-time sonography were carried out in 83 non-selected patients with head and neck carcinomas to diagnose metastatic involvement of cervical lymph nodes. The findings were compared with the results of the microscopic examination of the lymph nodes from the neck dissection specimen. Sonography is characterized by a high sensitivity in the detection of lymph node metastases. The relatively low specificity of this method proves that many enlarged but not metastatically involved lymph nodes are also displayed by ultrasound. Although there are no specific echomorphological criteria permitting a reliable identification of lymph node metastases, their sonographic visibility cannot be determined only by the size of the lymph node. Lymph node metastases less than 1.5 cm in diameter, in particular, can be detected more often by ultrasound than by palpation. Therefore, it can be presumed that pathological transformations besides the reactive hyperplasia occurring during metastatic involvement will also influence the echographic representation of lymph nodes. The accuracy data of other methods used for detecting lymph node metastases (computed tomography and lymphoscintigraphy) were compiled from the literature and compared with those of palpation in more than 5000 patients. Basing on our experiences with sonography in this field we tried to assess the chances and limitations of ultrasound in the pretherapeutic diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastases.
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PMID:[Histologically controlled comparison of palpation and sonography in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastases]. 330 69

Histological material was reviewed from the 213 patients who had undergone radical surgery for carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage I and IIA between 1967 and 1981. Squamous carcinoma was found in 179 patients (84.7%). In 39 patients (18%) there were lymph node metastases and in nine (4.2%) tumor spread into the parametrium. Vaso-invasion was present in 49 patients (22%). Prognostic factors were studied by Cox's regression analysis. Lymph node metastases and vaso-invasion were both found to be significantly related to survival rate (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0008). Stage, cell type, differentiation and invasion depth were of no prognostic importance.
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PMID:Low stage invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage I-IIA morphological prognostic factors. 336 Jan 61

A combination of cis-platinum and radiotherapy was applied in five patients with advanced bladder carcinomas. The patients were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging prior to and following therapy. Corresponding to cell-kinetic considerations regarding tissues with slow cell turnover, a maximum therapy effect is shown about nine months after the end of local therapy. Smaller control intervals are recommended in case of bladder carcinomas with lymph node metastases. Due to the possibility of multiple slice imaging, the nuclear magnetic resonance technique is particularly suited for the monitoring of bladder carcinomas. Sagittal and coronary slices show a better image of tumoral extension at the roof and floor of the bladder than axial computed tomography. Lymph node metastases are represented relatively late by both methods.
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PMID:[Follow-up of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy of advanced bladder cancer using magnetic resonance tomography. Initial results]. 337 82

Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy in 31 cases in stages A2-C prostatic cancer was performed. In 15 of the cases (48%) lymph node invasion was found. Metastatic tendency strengthened with an increase in Gleason scores, although no metastases were found in 38% of the cases with Gleason scores of 8-10. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy guided by lymphography was conducted in 14 cases and 17% were false-negative. Lymph node metastases were found in the common iliac lymph nodes in 47%, external iliac lymph nodes in 67% and internal iliac obturator lymph nodes in 100%. Prolonged lymph drainage in 4 cases (13%) and wound infection in 2 cases (3%) were found as postoperative complications, but they were all treated conservatively. So it was concluded that pelvic lymphadenectomy was a reasonable adjunct to total prostatectomy since it provided an accurate assessment of the anatomic distribution of disease, which could be of help in selecting treatment. Dissection of the lymph nodes of the internal iliac obturator was considered quite sufficient to establish the presence of any lymph node metastases.
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PMID:Significance of staging pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostatic cancer. 343 86

Lymph node metastases are an important determinant of prognosis following surgery for colorectal cancer. A xylene alcohol clearance technique has been employed in Guildford to facilitate the identification of lymph nodes in the mesorectum of rectal cancer specimens. The numbers of lymph nodes and lymph node metastases were compared with seven other centres and St. Mark's Hospital, where clearance techniques were not employed in patients undergoing a randomized trial of pre-operative radiotherapy for rectal cancer. The total number of lymph nodes identified per patient in the mesorectum of patients at Guildford (mean = 23.1 +/- 1.18) was significantly higher when compared with patients at St. Mark's Hospital alone (mean = 13.1 +/- 0.86) and the seven combined "non-cleared' centres (mean = 10.5 +/- 0.6) (P less than 0.001). The number of lymph node metastases per patient was significantly higher in the Guildford series (mean = 3.21 +/- 0.58) when compared with the seven combined centres (mean = 1.9 +/- 0.3) (P less than 0.05). The numbers of lymph node metastases found in the lowest part of the specimen close to the levator ani were significantly higher in the Guildford patients (mean = 1.2 +/- 0.4) compared with St. Mark's Hospital (mean = 0.13 +/- 0.1) and the seven combined 'non-cleared' centres (mean = 0.56 +/- 0.1). This clearance technique identified not only a greater number of lymph nodes but also more metastases within those nodes, particularly in the supralevator area of the mesorectum.
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PMID:Clearance technique for the detection of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer. 351 23

Preoperative ultrasonic examination was correlated to final pathological diagnosis in 102 cases which underwent thyroidectomy in our clinic from 1979 to May 1985. Preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis was as follows: Sensitivity was 78% (45/58 cases), and specificity was 86% (38/44 cases). Four factors in ultrasonic image were considered: Shape, boundary, internal echo and margin were featured, and correlated to malignancy in 75 cases with mainly solid nodules. Among 34 nodules with irregular shape, 33 (97%) were pathologically malignant and 40 of 42 (95%) with rugged boundary were also malignant. Whether internal echo was even or not could not be used as a diagnostic criteria. Similarly, whether a nodule had well defined margin or not was found not to be a significant criteria in order to differentiate malignant from benign lesions. In 15 of 34 cases with lymph node metastases, metastatic lymph nodes were detected by ultrasonography. Lymph node metastases must be also evaluated by ultrasonography preoperatively in thyroid diseases. Each of these factors must be considered individually in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. By evaluation of the ultrasonography findings the pathological characteristics may be inferred, and consequently being possible to reach a correct diagnosis.
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PMID:[Thyroid nodules; evaluation of malignancy by ultrasonography]. 352 Feb 88


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