Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred thirteen patients with carcinoma of the rectum were evaluated for lymph node metastases by endorectal ultrasound. With the use of 7.5 MHz and based on different echo patterns, two main groups of lymph nodes can be differentiated: hypoechoic and hyperechoic lymph nodes. Compared with pathologic findings, hypoechoic lymph nodes represent metastases, whereas hyperechoic lymph nodes are visualized due to unspecific inflammation. Lymph node metastases can be predicted with a sensitivity of 72 percent and inflammatory lymph nodes with a specificity of 83 percent. The physical basis of the differentiation of lymph nodes was assessed in vitro by the determination of ultrasound parameters (speed of sound, acoustic impedance, attenuation, and backscattered amplitude). The attenuation coefficient of benign lymph nodes [2.5 dB/(MHz x cm)] is significantly higher than the mean value of lymph node metastases [1.3 db/(MHz x cm)]. The results demonstrate that involved nodes can principally be differentiated from not involved nodes. Micrometastases, mixed lymph nodes, and changing echo patterns within inflammatory nodes explain the accuracy rate of 78 percent.
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PMID:Endosonography of pararectal lymph nodes. In vitro and in vivo evaluation. 220 76

A consecutive series of 1,081 previously untreated patients undergoing 1,119 radical neck dissections (RNDs) for squamous carcinoma of the head and neck was reviewed to study the patterns of nodal metastases. Primary tumors were located in the oral cavity in 501 patients, in the oropharynx in 207 patients, in the hypopharynx in 126 patients, and in the larynx in 247 patients. Lymph node metastases were confirmed histologically in 82% of 776 therapeutic neck dissections, and micrometastases were discovered in 33% of 343 elective RNDs. Lymph node groups in the neck were described by levels (I to V). Predominance of certain levels was seen for each primary site. Levels I, II, and III were at highest risk for metastasis from cancer of the oral cavity, and levels II, III, and IV were at highest risk for metastasis from carcinomas of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Supramohyoid neck dissection (clearing levels I, II, and III) for NO patients with primary squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and anterolateral neck dissection (clearing levels II, III, and IV) for NO patients with primary squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx are recommended.
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PMID:Patterns of cervical lymph node metastasis from squamous carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. 222 Dec 44

A review of superficial gastric cancer (SGC) has been carried out. Data on the 20 cases who underwent surgery in the 6 years 1982-87 were obtained. The diagnosis of malignancy was established histologically preoperatively in 95% of cases, although more than one endoscopy was required in 50%. In 75%, the primary was confined to the mucosa and in the remainder it had penetrated the submucosa. Lymph node metastases were present in 20%, but distant metastases were not detected. There were no postoperative deaths, and no patient was diagnosed as having recurrent disease during a median follow-up period of 33 months.
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PMID:Superficial (early) gastric cancer. 232 20

Components of the plasmin system were comparatively studied in lymph node metastases and corresponding primary tumors by immunofluorescence. Primary tumors, all adenocarcinomas, originated from large bowel (N = 12) or breast (N = 10). We used antisera against plasminogen (Pg), plasminogen activators (PA) such as urokinase (UK) and tissue type PA (t-PA), plasmin inhibitors such as alpha 2 anti-plasmin (alpha 2AP) and alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2M), plasmin-alpha 2 anti-plasmin complex (PAPC). Positivity with anti-PAPC serum was considered as proving that plasmin was formed by Pg activation. The following results were obtained. Breast adenocarcinomas were more strongly stained than colorectal adenocarcinomas using antisera against Pg, PAPC and PA, while their reactivity was much weaker with antisera against both plasmin inhibitors. Lymph node metastases from colorectal adenocarcinomas were more strongly stained than primary tumors using antisera against PAPC and PA. Reactivity with anti-Pg was similar, while that with antisera against plasmin inhibitors was much weaker. Metastasis from breast adenocarcinomas, on the average, showed the same type of staining as primary tumors. However, there was a slight decrease in reactivity with anti-Pg and PAPC in metastases. Tumor cells invading lymphoid areas in metastatic lymph nodes were often strongly labeled using antisera against Pg and UK. Staining was less strong or less frequent using antisera against PAPC and t-PA. These results favor the role of plasmin in the degradation of basement membrane and connective tissue components, thus implicating it in the invasiveness of tumor cells, at least in most primary tumors and metastases.
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PMID:The plasmin system in human adenocarcinomas and their metastases. A comparative immunofluorescence study. 243 33

All patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) diagnosed in Sweden during 1959 through 1981 were recruited for study from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Among a total of 249 patients, 66 were diagnosed in 1959 through 1969 and 183 from 1970 through 1981. Apparently sporadic MTC was present in 186 patients, and familial MTC in 63. Twenty-seven patients with familial MTC were diagnosed from clinical symptoms and 36 by screening. In both the sporadic group and the symptomatic familial group, approximately 80% of the patients had palpable thyroid tumors. Lymph node metastases were present in 44% of the sporadic group and in 37% of the group with symptomatic familial MTC, and distant metastases in approximately 20% of the patients in each of these groups. The patients detected by screening differed significantly from the two groups of symptomatic cases by having a lower frequency of palpable thyroid lesions (50%), smaller tumors, and lower frequencies of cervical lymph node metastases (14%) and distant metastases (0%). Multivariate analyses revealed no significant differences between sporadic cases and symptomatic familial cases regarding tumor size or stage. Large tumors (greater than 3 cm) were more frequently accompanied by palpable cervical lymph nodes and were associated with an approximately four times higher risk of distant metastases than tumors smaller than 1 cm. Women had significantly smaller tumors and a more favorable stage distribution than age-related men.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics in sporadic and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. A nationwide study of 249 patients in Sweden from 1959 through 1981. 256 69

Lymph node metastases in the thoraco-cervical transitional region (TCTR) and its ultrasonic detection were evaluated in 64 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer, who received radical esophagectomy with modified neck dissection. Lymph node metastases in TCTR were found in 19 of 64 cases (29.7%). Nodal metastases in the supraclavicular region were found in similar incidence of 23.4% (15 of 64 cases). Lymph nodes in both regions were infiltrated in 8 cases. Direct metastases to supraclavicular region and metastases in single region of TCTR were indicated in 4 cases equally. The degree of lymph node metastases of 11 patients suffered from middle intra-thoracic esophageal (Im) cancer with nodal involvement in TCTR were divided into three groups, two cases of n2, one of n3 and eight of n4, according to the Guide Lines. Convex type probe excelled in description of TCTR. Swollen lymph nodes were detected in 12 out of 19 cases with metastases by preoperative ultrasound using this probe (sensitivity of 63.2%). Forty-four of 45 cases without metastases were diagnosed as such (specificity of 97.8%). The partition of TCTR in the Guide Lines should be reconsidered for better evaluation of the results on lymph node metastases in this region.
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PMID:[Lymph node metastases in the thoraco-cervical transitional region in thoracic esophageal cancer--with ultrasonic detection and a comment on the guide lines]. 266 29

In our series the prognosis of medullary carcinoma of thyroid (MCT) has improved during recent years due to earlier diagnosis and more systematic treatment. MCT remains confined to the neck for long periods of time. The surgical strategy should be based on this fact and on the occurrence and distribution of lymph node metastases. Lymph node metastases occurred in 90% of patients with palpable tumors. In those patients with hereditary MCT who had palpable tumors the lymph node metastases were distributed bilaterally in 88%. Hereditary cases with non-palpable thyroid tumors had lymph node metastases in 27%. During the last 15 years none of the patients with hereditary but 15% of those with sporadic disease died from MCT. During the same period 12 of 22 patients with lymph node metastases had their provoked calcitonin levels normalized by surgery.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. 280 53

Lymph node metastases from occult thyroid papillary carcinoma are not a rare event. An unusual case of cystic lymph node metastases from this type of carcinoma is reported, suggesting that fine needle aspiration biopsy or frozen section biopsies should always be performed in the presence of a cystic lesion of the neck.
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PMID:Lymph node metastases from an occult sclerosing carcinoma of the thyroid. A case report. 280 46

The presence of lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer is an important predictor of death and recurrence of disease. Lymph node metastases are more common in patients with mucus-secreting carcinomas than in women with pure squamous carcinomas even in what appears, clinically, to be early stage disease: such neoplasms are more frequent in women under the age of 40 years. The recognition of mucus secretion in a carcinoma and the detection of vascular permeation adjacent to the primary neoplasm identifies the patient at greatest risk of having pelvic lymph node metastases.
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PMID:Pathological prognostic indicators in cervical cancer with particular reference to patients under the age of 40 years. 282 60

Lymph node metastases occur in an appreciable number of soft-tissue sarcomas. The histologic subtype plays a most important role. Synovial sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma manifest relatively frequently such metastases, whereas fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, and malignant schwannoma do so very infrequently. With the use of the newer radiologic techniques, it is expected that this feature will be more clearly defined and taken into account in planning the treatment. For histologic subtypes known frequently to manifest metastases to the regional lymph nodes, the latter should be considered for inclusion in the surgical and/or radiation treatment plan, particularly for primary tumors situated close to a nodal basin; and careful follow-up of these nodes should be practiced.
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PMID:Incidence of metastases to lymph nodes from soft-tissue sarcomas. 283 23


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