Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human gastrointestinal cancer xenografts were established in the nude mouse. Grafts were accomplished with gastric adenocarcinomas, gastric leiomyosarcoma, histiocytic lymphoma of the stomach and gallbladder, pancreatic tumors, colonic cancers and cell lines of duodenal (HUTU-80) and pancreatic (HS-766-T) cancers, melanoma (SK-Mel-5), and murine metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma. The rate of successful xenografting of these tumors varied from virtually 100% with colon and duodenal cancer, 50% for a pancreatic cancer (P-1), to only 17% for gastric adenocarcinoma. Pancreas and colon adenocarcinomas have been maintained by successive xenotransplantation over 16 and 19 months, respectively. Human xenografts retained morphological identity with tissues of origin through several transplant generations and shared some of their ultrastructural characteristics but did not metastasize. Rodent xenografts, of heterogenous origin were characterized by differences in the duration of the latent period and in the rate of their initial development as described by the average doubling times and average slopes (B) of their growth curves. Differences between B of the Lewis lung carcinoma and all of the human xenografts and between B of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma and three other neoplasms were significant (P less than 0.05 to 0.04). Labeling indices determined for 14 cancer transplants were in the range of previously reported data for similar neoplasms in patients or other xenograft systems. These findings suggest that the nude mouse model can be used to evaluate endogenous properties of gastrointestinal cancers and their responses to exogenous agents.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal cancer studies in the human to nude mouse heterotransplant system. 32 Dec 90

Since 1972 plasma CEA levels of 25 cancer patients have been assayed to evaluate the reliability of CEA as an early indicator of recurrent gastrointestinal cancer. Identification of significant elevations in CEA levels required definition of exactly what a given value meant. Intraassay and interassay accuracy was determined and graphed as a CEA NOMOGRAM, which measures the observed CEA level against the 95% confidence limits for that observation and thus can be used to identify statistically significant increases. A statistically significant rise above a baseline value established by the NOMOGRAM proved to be a correct indicator of tumor recurrence in 22 (88%) of 25 patients who underwent second-look intraabdominal operations (22 colorectal, 2 gastric, and 1 pancreatic). In each case, other accepted procedures, such as liver enzymes, scans, and x-rays, were nondiagnostic. Of the 22 patients with proved tumor recurrence, 16 (73%) had distant metastases and 6 (27%) had localized tumors. One patient remains tumor-free three years after second-look operation and has had no significant change in CEA levels. More frequent serial CEA determinations combined with sound clinical judgment should facilitate earlier detection of recurrent gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:The use of CEA as an early indicator for gastrointestinal tumor recurrence and second-look procedures. 83 30

Patients suffering from bronchogenic and gastrointestinal cancer without, as well as with metastases, were investigated to provide more information on the number of morphology of lymphocytes in their peripheral blood particularly in respect to the frequency of various nucleolar types in these cells. The decreased number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the cancer patients was due to the decline of lymphocytes with ringshaped nucleoli representing resting cells which can be stimulated in respect to the RNA synthesis and blastic transformation. The decreased number of such cells was apparently more pronounced in the peripheral blood of the patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancer with metastases. The increased frequency of lymphocytes with compact nucleoli or nucleoli with nucleolonemas representing immature or stimulated cells was noted in most patients suffering from bronchogenic cancer without, and with metastases in lymph nodes, as well as in some patients with gastrointestinal cancer and, without metastases. On the contrary, the decreased number of these cells was observed in the peripheral blood of patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancer with metastases. All these changes provide further information on the changes of the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the patients suffering from malignant disease. The possible interpretation of these changes presented in the discussion is in accordance with the present conception on the relationship between the malignant growth and lymphocytes.
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PMID:Nucleoli of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with bronchogenic lung and gastrointestinal cancer. 93 87

Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured during chemotherapy for metastatic cancer in 94 patients. Criteria for chemotherapy responses were those used by the Central Oncology Group. Patients were classified according to changes in CEA levels and response to chemotherapy. Four categories represented a positive correlation: (1) increasing abnormal CEA with progressing disease, (2) decreasing abnormal CEA with disease regression, (3) unchanged abnormal CEA with stable disease, (4) change from normal to abnormal CEA with progressive disease. Positive correlation of serial CEA levels with clinical responses occurred in 71% of patients with GI cancer, 51% with breast cancer, 42% with sarcoma, 50% with respiratory cancer, and 25% with melanoma. These data indicate that serial CEA determinations may be of value as an additional parameter of response to chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:Usefulness of serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations in monitoring chemotherapy. 98

From 1 January 1983 to 1 January 1988, 38 patients were treated for hepatic cancer in the HEINZ-KALK-Hospital. Thirty-one of these had liver metastases due to gastrointestinal cancer and seven had advanced primary hepatocellular cancer. In all patients more than 50% of the liver volume was involved with the tumour or the metastases. Eleven patients with liver metastases of gastrointestinal cancer (excepting colorectal cancer) were treated by intra-arterial hepatic bolus infusion of 750-1000 mg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by selective catheterisation of the hepatic or superior mesenteric artery after puncture of the right or left femoral artery. The median survival was 13.4 months. In seven patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma the same therapeutic regime was used. The median survival was 10 months. In the 21 patients with disseminated metastases of previously resected colorectal cancer a catheter was inserted into the gastro-duodenal artery and connected to a subcutaneously placed port. Brief infusions of 750-1000 mg 5-FU were administered for 14 days with a day interruption and thereafter 2 month interruption. There were few side effects and 80% of the patients continued to work or carry on a normal life. The median survival was 14.4 months. Based on this experience we consider hepatic chemoinfusion with 5-FU in gastrointestinal cancer and advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma is capable of improving quality of life and possibly expectancy.
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PMID:Hepatic chemoinfusion of 5-FU in metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer and advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 131 89

UFT is given to the patients with digestive cancer from the time before operation to prevent intra- and post-operative cancer dissemination and metastases. UFT (400 mg/day in terms of tegafur) was given preoperatively for 1-6 days in 6 patients with gastric cancer and 13 with colorectal cancer. The interval between the last administration and the beginning of the operation was 3.9 +/- 1.5 hours (mean +/- SD). The concentrations of tegafur, 5-FU, and uracil in the blood collected at the time of tumor resection were 9.68, 0.017, and 0.08 microgram/ml, respectively. In the patients with gastric cancer 5-FU concentration was 5.5 times higher in the normal mucosa, 3.3 times in lymph nodes, and 10.7 times in the tumor tissues than in the blood. In colorectal cancer patients, also, the 5-FU concentration was 5.6, 8.3 and 20.8 times higher in the normal mucosa, lymph nodes, and the tumor tissue, respectively, than in the blood. The 5-FU concentration in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer tissues decreased with time after administration of UFT but remained above the effective concentration 1.5-7 hours after administration of 200 mg. The tissue concentrations of FT-207, uracil, and 5-FU were correlated with each other.
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PMID:[Concentration of 5-fluorouracil in the blood and tissues of gastric and colo-rectal cancer patients after oral administration of UFT]. 144 83

Endoscopic ultrasound is a new technology that improves the local staging of esophageal, gastric, and rectal carcinomas. In addition, EUS may provide useful information which will affect management in individual patients with subepithelial masses (e.g., varices, leiomyomas) and pancreatic diseases. Other imaging studies such as transcutaneous ultrasonography and CT are still necessary to detect distant metastatic disease. At present, EUS may be best reserved for use by individuals who have sufficient patient materials to provide broad experience with the technique. Physicians at centers where large numbers of patients with gastrointestinal cancer are evaluated may find this technology most useful. Even in patients with malignancy, however, studies are needed to show that the improved local staging by EUS will translate into changes in patient management and improved outcome.
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PMID:Status evaluation: endoscopic ultrasonography. American Society for Gastroenterology Endoscopy. Technology Assessment Committee. 147 98

A combination of 2 or 3 tumor markers was determined in the serum of 478 patients with malignant tumors. In 195 out of 213 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and without relapse or metastases, the Tg concentration has undetectable. In 9 patients with nonfunctioning thyroid metastases the Tg level was correlated with the progress of the disease or the success of the treatment. In 114 patients with gastrointestinal cancer CA 19-9, TPA and IAP were measured simultaneously. The highest discrepancies between patients with relapse or metastases (increased values in 1/2 of patients) and patients without relapse or metastases (increased values in 1/4 of patients) were given by CA 19-9. In the serum of 90 patients with breast cancer increased CA 15-3 values were found in 2/3 of patients with relapse or metastases and in 1/4 of patients without signs of tumor. A combination of universal tumor markers TPA and IAP had no value in monitoring 26 patients with melanoma.
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PMID:Tumor marker determinations. 195 Jun 43

An experimental model with a high frequency of spontaneous liver metastases was induced by implantation of VX2 cancer cells into the gastrointestinal walls of 36 rabbits, and the developmental process of primary cancer lesions and metastases was examined histologically. Gastric and colonic cancer lesions showed similar growth patterns in both primary and metastatic lesions: the average diameter of primary lesions enlarged from 0.7-0.8 cm on Day 7 to 2.4-2.8 cm on Day 28. The frequency and average diameter of liver metastases were 25% and microscopically certificated levels on Day 14, 25% and 3 mm on Day 21, and 50% and 8 mm on Day 28 in the gastric wall-implantation group. They were, respectively, 20% and microscopically recognized levels on Day 14, 40% and 2 mm on Day 21, and 80% and 9 mm on Day 28 in the colonic wall-implantation group. Thus, the frequency and diameter of the metastases increased in parallel with the primary cancer growth. Liver metastases occurred only in animals with vascular invasion in primary lesions, though none of the animals with the invasion always showed the metastases. These results suggest that vascular invasion of cancer cells in the primary lesions may be a premise of liver metastases, and that this experimental model may be utilized as a useful tool for studying many aspects of the pathogenesis and/or therapy of the spontaneous liver metastases in gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:Liver metastases induced by implantation of VX2 cancer into the gastrointestine. 199 11

The natural history of cystadenocarcinoma of colonic or appendiceal origin was reviewed. This tumor represents a minimally invasive mucus producing tumor similar to what is commonly recognized within the bowel lumen as villous adenoma. This tumor is usually at an advanced stage at the time of presentation, and tends to recur at the site of tumor resection and on peritoneal surfaces. The fact that this tumor does not metastasize hematogenously or lymphatically nor does it invade locally was contrasted to its marked tendency to implant on all abdominal surfaces. The large variations in the efficiency of different types of tumor dissemination (metastases, invasion, and spread by implantation) need to be noted for this malignant process. The unique clinical features of cystadenocarcinoma were reviewed and the particular suitability of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for its treatment was discussed. Our treatment plan utilizing cytoreductive surgery and early plus delayed postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy was presented. The surprisingly good results of treatment was discussed. The effects of chemotherapy on tumor histology were presented in detain in six patients. Changes induced by intraperitoneal chemotherapy included a reduction in the number of foci of atypical adenomatous epithelium and marked cytologic atrophy. This plan of treatment is recommended for patients to prevent or to treat the spread of mucinous gastrointestinal cancer on peritoneal surfaces and within the resection site of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colonic or appendiceal cystadenocarcinoma: rationale and results of treatment. 223 62


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