Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

739 regional lymph nodes from 94 patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were studied by immunohistochemistry. These lymph nodes, contained no metastasis as assessed by conventional histopathology, were recut. A series consecutive sections from the original blocks were immunostained with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to keratins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human milk fat globulin membrane antigen (HMFG-2). Single tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells, not visible on routine examination, were readily detected. The actual number of lymph nodes that contained occult tumor cells was 123 (16.6%) from 53 patients (56.4%). The majority of 102 immunostaining positive nodes were distributed in the hilar (29%) and peribronchial (25%) regions. Our data indicate that: 1. a series consecutive sections and immunohistochemistry may greatly increase the diagnostic yield of occult micrometastases in lymph nodes. 2. the high incidence of occult metastases in NSCLC may be of importance in relation to their rapid dissemination and high death rate. 3. the high frequency of occult nodal metastases in NSCLC raises questions in regard to our presently used criteria for staging, prognosis and treatment of ostensibly stage I disease. 4. perhaps resections of hilar and peribronchial lymph nodes will have an important clinical significance in prevention of wide dissemination of tumor cells.
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PMID:[An immunohistochemical study of occult micrometastases in regional lymph nodes of patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma]. 128 90

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulated in vitro invasion, migration, and adherence to reconstituted basement membrane by metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) clones, but this stimulation was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors and by expression of a transfected mutant RI alpha which blocks PKA activation. In vitro migration and adherence of metastatic LLC transfectants was heightened by expression of a transfected C alpha gene and further heightened by Zn2+ induction of the expression vector. Nonmetastatic LLC were not migratory nor invasive. However, nonmetastatic LLC that were stably transfected with a C alpha gene were both migratory and invasive, particularly when C alpha expression was further induced with Zn2+. The results of these in vitro studies show that PKA can enhance the metastatic characteristics of LLC.
Invasion Metastasis 1992
PMID:Activation of protein kinase A increases the in vitro invasion, migration, and adherence to reconstituted basement membrane by Lewis lung carcinoma tumor cells. 129 38

Umbilical metastases have been almost exclusively reported in patients with adenocarcinomas of intra-abdominal organs. We present a case of small cell carcinoma of the lung with umbilical metastasis that was confirmed by biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of umbilical metastasis from small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Umbilical metastasis from small cell carcinoma of the lung. 130 99

A total of 21 patients with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the prostate was treated with combination chemotherapy, either following initial hormonal therapy (15) or as initial therapy (6). Of the patients 13 (62%) had pure small cell carcinoma, whereas 8 (38%) had mixed histology of small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Patients presented with a characteristic clinical picture of a large primary mass (16 cases) with a high frequency of visceral metastases to the liver (9), lungs (7) and brain (2). The majority of the patients did not have an elevated serum prostate specific antigen (1 of 14, 7%) or prostatic acid phosphatase (2 of 21, 10%). Serum carcinoembryonic antigen was elevated in 13 patients (62%). Of the 21 patients 13 (62%) responded to chemotherapy. Survival after the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the prostate resulted in a median of 9.4 months with a range of 1 to 25 months. The regimens used were those considered active in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung (vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, or etoposide and cisplatin with or without doxorubicin). Small cell carcinoma of the prostate has a characteristic clinical picture and a high response rate to cytotoxic therapy. Early introduction of chemotherapy in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the prostate may increase the survival rate.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of prostatic origin. 131 96

To clarify the incidence, timing and pathogenetic significance of p53 gene alterations in the progression of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), 17 primary tumors, 13 metastases and nine cell lines from 27 patients were analysed by a polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. Allelic losses and mutations of the p53 gene were detected in 24 out of 25 informative cases (96%) and 23 out of 27 cases (85%) respectively. Simultaneous losses and mutations were detected in all 16 stage III-IV tumors, while these alterations were detected only in 3 of 6 stage I-II tumors. When allelic losses and/or mutations were detected in the primary tumors, the same alterations were always maintained in the process of metastasis. In three cases, identical p53 alterations were detected among different organ metastases. The mutations detected in five cell lines were also detected in the corresponding original tumors. These results suggest that the alterations of the p53 gene are common and early events, but probably not the first events, in the development of SCLC, and that these alterations are essential for the maintenance of malignant phenotypes in the progression of SCLC.
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PMID:Alterations of the p53 gene are common and critical events for the maintenance of malignant phenotypes in small-cell lung carcinoma. 131

Tumor and lymph node infiltration, and the DNA-ploidy status of a tumor contain prognostic information in addition to the information obtained by histological examination of surgical samples. Specimens from 112 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma obtained immediately after surgery were investigated by means of flow cytometry. DNA-aneuploidy was found in 43% of the primary tumors. Independent from tumor stage, patients with DNA-euploid tumors lived significantly longer (p less than 0.01) than with DNA-aneuploid carcinomas. In 29 cases the DNA-ploidy status of the primary tumor (PTU) could be compared with that of the N2 lymph node metastases (LM). 7 samples revealed a change from DNA aneuploidy in the PTU to DNA-euploidy in the LM. Patients with DNA-euploid PTU and DNA-euploid LM lived significantly longer than patients with DNA-aneuploid PTU/DNA-euploid LM, and patients with DNA-aneuploid PTU/DNA-aneuploid LM. In case of lymph node infiltration only the simultaneous measurement of DNA ploidy of PTU and LM offers an accurate prognostic evaluation. Local tumor recurrence exhibited stability of DNA ploidy, showing DNA euploidy in 12 out of 13 PTU and their corresponding recurrent tumor. Thus, the DNA-ploidy status offers additional prognostic informations which is useful for an extended tumor classification.
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PMID:[Flow cytometric analysis in non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma and its prognostic significance]. 131 55

Surgery is the treatment of choice for resectable non-small cell lung carcinoma. For patients who are medically unable to tolerate a surgical resection or who refuse surgery, radiation therapy is an acceptable alternative. We reviewed the records of 152 patients with medically inoperable non-small cell lung carcinoma treated at our institution between 1982 and 1990. Patients with metastatic disease, mediastinal lymph node involvement or unresectable tumors were excluded. The actuarial overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 40% and 10%, respectively. The disease-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 31% and 15%. The disease-free survival for patients with T1 tumors was 55% at 2 years, versus 20 and 25% for T2 and T3 lesions, respectively (p = .0006). Increasing tumor dose was also associated with increasing disease-free survival (p = .0143). Overall, 66% percent of the patients were considered to have failed. Of these, 70% showed a component of local failure and 45% failed distantly. Patients with T1 tumors experienced a lower probability of failing locally or distantly than did patients with T2 or T3 tumors. A reduced risk of local and distant failure was seen for patients treated to doses of greater than 65 Gray, especially for T1 tumors. We conclude that radical radiation therapy is an effective treatment for small tumors when treated to doses of 65 Gray or more. Since local failure is the prominent pattern of relapse in patients with large tumors, new therapeutic strategies should be considered for this patient group.
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PMID:Radiation therapy in the management of medically inoperable carcinoma of the lung: results and implications for future treatment strategies. 151 56

We describe an unusual case of major small-bowel bleeding and intussusception due to jejunal metastases from a large-cell type carcinoma of the lung. Review of the surprisingly frequent case reports of small bowel metastases from primary lung tumors indicates that there is only one prior case report of intussusception and that ours is the first description of major intestinal hemorrhage due to metastatic pulmonary carcinoma.
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PMID:Large-cell carcinoma of the lung. With major bleeding and intussusception. 132 55

The ploidy status of the deoxyribonucleic acid of a malignant lung tumor provides additional information besides histologic grading and tumor staging according to lymph node infiltration and tumor metastasis. Ninety-nine surgical specimens from patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma were investigated by flow cytometry. Deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy was found in 48% of the primary tumors. Patients with deoxyribonucleic acid-euploid tumors showed better survival (p < 0.01) than those with deoxyribonucleic acid-aneuploid carcinomas independent of tumor stage. Deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy status of the primary tumor was compared with that of N2 lymph node metastases in 29 cases. Seven samples showed a change from deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy in the primary tumor to deoxyribonucleic acid euploidy in the lymph node metastases. Survival was significantly better for patients with euploid primary tumors and lymph node metastases, followed by patients with deoxyribonucleic acid-aneuploid primary tumors and euploid lymph node metastases. Survival was poorest in patients with deoxyribonucleic acid-aneuploid primary tumors and lymph node metastases. It was observed that only the simultaneous determination of deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy of primary tumors and lymph node metastases permits accurate prognostic evaluation in case of lymph node infiltration.
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PMID:Prognostic value of deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy in primary non-small-cell lung carcinomas and their metastases. 133 22

The usefulness of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen as a tumor marker was investigated in 72 patients with histologically verified non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Increased level of SCC-Ag was observed in 41%, mostly in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (69%). Positive serum SCC-Ag was correlated with lymph node metastases and with the stage of disease. The positive rate of SCC-Ag observed in patients without and with nodal metastases was 52.9% and 84.2%, respectively. Positive SCC-Ag level was observed in 50% of Stage I, 71.4% of Stage II and 78.9% of Stage III patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The study proved that preoperative SCC-Ag determination in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and the course of levels of this marker during postoperative follow-up was of importance. A high preoperative and postoperative SCC-Ag value suggested a worse prognosis.
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PMID:Evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. 133 26


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