Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To ascertain whether the content of endocrine markers is constant in small-cell carcinoma of the lung, levels of three markers of medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied in this tumor. Histaminase was increased in six of six primary tumors (three to 14,000 times), L-dopa decarboxylase in four of six (six to 30 times), and calcitonin in one of one (eight times) over levels in adjacent lung. Marker levels in mediastinal metastases reflected those in primary tumors in four of five patients. However, in four of seven, multiple hepatic metastases contained low to absent levels despite simultaneously high values in chest lesions. Immunohistochemical studies of histaminase revealed that within each primary tumor different cells contained different amounts of the enzyme. Since marker content varied between tumor cells, between primary tumors and between metastases in individual patients we conclude that circulating levels of these three markers cannot be expected necessarily to mirror tumor burden in patients with small-cell lung tumors.
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PMID:Variable content of histaminase, L-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biologic and clinical implications. 2 72

Twenty-seven small cell carcinomas of the lung and three tumors of the large intestine with combined adenocarcinomatous and small cell and/or anaplastic carcinoid-type histologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that the small cells have morphologic characteristics of APUD cells. Also presented are the histologic features of a carcinoma of the lung with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and giant cell carcinoma areas in the primary site and in several metastatic foci. Two of the renal metastases showed small cell carcinoma. The combined tumors and the numerous other similar neoplasms described in the literature and reviewed here suggest an endodermal origin for digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells based on the hypothesis that cancer is a clonal proliferation, and mucous and squamous cell differentiation is an endodermal rather than neural crest characteristic. The ultrastructural features of tumors of cells of known neural crest origin, including a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, three carotid body tumors, a pheochromocytoma, and two cutaneous melanomas were compared with those of other APUD cell tumors including small cell carcinomas of the lung, two bronchial carcinoids, a carcinoid of the appendix, and a carcinoid of the kidney. Cells of the latter group sometimes possessed cytoplasmic tonofibrils, round compact masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments, and ductal lumina. These features were lacking in the former group and may signify a different embryologic origin. The histologic, histopathologic, and embryologic evidence regarding the origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells is reviewed, showing that the former are, and the latter probably are, of endodermal and not neuroectodermal origin.
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PMID:The endodermal origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells. Histopathologic evidence and a review of the literature. 3 40

The effects of long-term anticoagulation with phenprocoumon on growth of the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) were studied. Oral anticoagulation initiated at the day of i.m. transplantation of the 3LL into C57BL mice significantly inhibited primary tumour growth and reduced the number of spontaneous metastases to the lungs. Intermittent anticoagulation was without effect on metastasis formation but still retarded primary growth. There was no influence of anticoagulation on the mean survival time (MST) of tumour-bearing animals. Phenprocoumon appears to improve the results of cyclophosphamide of 5-fluorouracil treatment, but there were no statisticially significant differences. In contrast, bleomycin treatment in combination with adjuvant anticoagulation suggested a possible drug synergy. No significant influence of anticoagulation on the response of the primary tumour to irradiattion was found, though the MST of irradiated and anticoagulated animals was greater than in the solely irradiated controls. The present investigations suggest that coumarin derivatives have some direct tumour-inhibiting capacities, but exert their antimetastatic action via deceleration of the blood clotting mechanism.
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PMID:Oral anticoagulation in the treatment of a spontaneously metastasising murine tumour (3LL). 6 54

The clinical records and imaging studies of 140 patients who had 57Co-bleomycin scans were reviewed. In 53% of the patients with known tumor at the time of examination, all clinically demonstrable lesions picked up cobalt. The success rate was particularly high in carcinoma of the lung (15 of 17) and gastrointestinal tract (12 of 17). The major role of cobalt bleomycin seems to be as an early screening test for metastases in patients with carcinoma of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and uterus. The scan is most useful in demonstrating spread to the brain, liver, and adrenals.
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PMID:The place of 57Co-bleomycin scanning in the evaluation of tumors. 7 Sep 90

Tests were made to determine whether cell surface tumor antigens of metastases differed from the tumor antigens of the cell population of the local tumor growth. C57BL/6 mouse spleen lymphocytes sensitized against monolayers of the local growth of the 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma (L-3LL) in the presence of syngeneic serum generated lymphocytes that were cytotoxic to L-3LL but significantly less cytotoxic to target cells derived from lung metastases (M-3LL). Lymphocytes sensitized against M-3LL were significantly more cytotoxic against M-3LL than against L-3LL cells. Anti-M-3LL cytotoxic lymphocytes but not anti-L-3LL, admixed with either L-3LL cells or M-3LL tumor cells, when injected into syngeneic recipients reduced lung metastasis significantly. Results indicated that cells with high metastatic capacity and distinct antigenic properties exist within the tumor cell population and that immunoselection might be involved in the production of lung metastases.
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PMID:Differences in cell surface antigens of tumor metastases and those of the local tumor. 8 91

Platelets were suggested to play a specific role in the haematogenous spread of experimental tumours. To test this hypothesis mice were treated with various inhibitors or platelet function (acetyl-salicylic acid, RA 233, bencyclan-, cyproheptadine). The effect of treatment on the development of lung colonies after i.v. tumour cell injection as well as on the formation of spontaneous metastases from the solid Lewis-lung carcinoma was evaluated. A significant increase of lung colonies after pretreatment with the platelet aggregation inhibitors was found. The effect of long term treatment on spontaneous metastasis formation gave equivocal results. The present investigations do not support the importance of the integrity of platelet function as a prerequisite for metastasis formation.
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PMID:The influence of platelet aggregation inhibitors on metastasis formation in mice (3LL). 13 99

Nine cases of known metastases originating from other metastatic foci were documented at operation. The primary tumors included four melanomas, two osteosarcomas, a synovial sarcoma, an anaplastic lung carcinoma, and a rhadbomyosarcoma. Secondary metastatic sites to the regional lymph nodes were noted in the pulmonary hilum (one), mediastinum (one), pulmonary hilum and mediastinum (three), small bowel mesentary (two), retroperitoneum (one), and axilla (one). All patients were immunocompetent as evidenced by their ability to be sensitized to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and/or their positive response to common skin test antigens. The metastatic potential of cells from metastases does not appear to differ from cells of the primary.
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PMID:Metastatic potential of metastases. 17 60

Immunocompetence, as determined by skin reactivity to five microbial antigens, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and percent and absolute number of total T and B rosette-forming cells (RFC), was assessed before and up to 180 days after radiotherapy in 29 patients with carcinoma of the lung. Pretherapy evaluation showed a depressed response to microbial antigens (only 38% positive), to DNCB (50% positive), and lower level of T-RFC. Postradiotherapy determinations were further depressed. Patients with positive pretherapy responses to microbial antigens and DNCB and higher than median absolute numbers at total T-RFC had significantly longer survival. These data suggest that pretherapy immune evaluation is a good prognostic indicator. No prognostic significance was found in B-RFC evaluation. No correlation was seen between the stage of disease (locally advanced or with distant metastases) and the pretherapy immune response.
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PMID:Immune evaluation of lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. 18 Nov 24

Three thousand patients with primary carcinoma of the lung entered in the Armed Forces Central Medical Registry are reported. Forty-one per cent had squamous cell, 28.5 per cent adenocarcinoma, 25.2 per cent small cell/undifferentiated, and 4.9 per cent miscellaneous cell types. When first seen, 71.1 per cent had no organ metastases and 50.6 per cent no lymph node metastases. Over-all survival rate was 18.2 per cent at 5 years and 14.5 per cent at 10 years. Survival following definitive resection, palliative resection, definitive radiation, palliative radiation, and chemotherapy was determined both in the presence of mediastinal nodal involvement and in the absence of mediatinal nodal involvement. Where resection for cure could be carried out, 5 year survival rates of 48.8 per cent were possible. The factors affecting this improved outlook in our military population are discussed and, in general, appear to be related to a ready accessibility of medical care and the necessity, because of global commitments, of establishing an early diagnosis. Cell type ecerted some influence on survival, but the major determinant appeared to be the absence of involved nodes at the time of the operation.
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PMID:Results of treatment of primary carcinoma of the lung. Analysis of 3,000 cases. 18 64

One hundred and seven patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent immunologic testing, and 62 of these patients were randomized to an immunotherapy protocol comparing the effects of Pasteur strain BCG, either alone or combined with allogeneic tumor cells, to the effects of no immunotherapy. Patients with residual disease left at the time of surgery or with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis showed no increase in survival as a result of this form of immunotherapy. An insufficient number of patients with less advanced disease, in whom we would expect the most beneficial effect, have been entered in this study. In general, we were unable to document substantial effects of immunotherapy on the immunologic parameters tested. Only in recall antigen skin testing was there a statistically significant increase in reactivity in the immunotherapy groups. Tests of general immune status appeared to have a predictive value in monitoring lung cancer patients. Anergic patients had a poorer prognosis than did patients who demonstrated skin test reactivity. Patients with normal percentages of lymphocytes (T cells) forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 29 degrees C were generally normal in other tests of immune competence. In serial studies of rosette formation, all patients who developed recurrent disease had a pattern of depressed or falling rosette values, and these abnormalities occurred an average of 3.1 months prior to clinical detection of recurrence. Patients with large-cell anaplastic carcinoma were found to have a significantly higher incidence of depressed rosette levels than the other histologic types. Both large and small-cell anaplastic patients had significantly depressed lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens and allogeneic cells. Although lung cancer patients have been described as immunologically depressed, they are capable of recognizing tumor-associated antigens. When tested in leukocyte migration inhibition assays with tumor-associated antigens, the majority of the patients in our study were found to be reactive. The use of a 3 M KCl extract of pleural effusion cells from a patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma has given good reactivity and specificity in lung cancer patients of all histologic types. In addition, these patients have been shown to respond in a mixed lymphocyte/tumor interaction to tumor-associated antigens (Dean, 1976b).
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PMID:Immunological monitoring and immunotherapy in carcinoma of the lung. 18 17


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