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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective study of 172 patients with disseminated carcinoma in the skeleton, 54% were shown by radiography and scintigraphy to have vertebral metastases. Breast carcinoma was the most common primary tumour, occurring in 30% of the patients, followed by lung (17%), prostate (10%) and kidney (9%). The lumbar spine was most often involved and some primary carcinomas showed a predilection for particular spinal segments. Cord compression occurred in 30% of the patients with vertebral spread and was a poor prognostic sign for long-term survival. Hypernephroma was the most common tumour to cause spinal cord involvement. The thoracic segment was the most frequent site of cord compression (43%), and pathological fracture-dislocation was the most common cause (50%).
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma of the spine. A study of 92 cases. 344 Jun 53

The distribution pattern and latency of lymphatic metastases naturally disseminated by the Leeds Mammary Carcinoma (LMC1) when transplanted subcutaneously in isogeneic Johns' Strain Wistar rats has been determined. After the curative local irradiation and excision of the primary tumour in 210 rats, 55 +/- 3 per cent developed either local (26 +/- 3 per cent), and/or regional (28 +/- 3 per cent) and/or distant (37 +/- 3 per cent) lymph node metastases. Analysis of their pattern of distribution suggests that metastasis to local (inguinal and lumbar) and distant (axillary and mediastinal) nodes results mainly from the radial dissemination, trapping and nodal proliferation of cells released by the primary tumour. Although direct metastasis to the para-aortic node may have occurred, in the main seeding of this site and thence to other, regional, i.e. iliac and/or adrenal nodes, resulted from the dissemination of tumour cells from the local nodes. The latency of metastases appearing at different sites after primary tumour ablation, although highly variable, was site dependent and for local, regional and distant nodes was 30 +/- 14, 48 +/- 16, 56 +/- 17 days respectively. In addition, the latency of metastases at regional and distant nodes was directly correlated with the latency of local metastases. The latency of adrenal and iliac metastases also correlated with para-aortic node metastasis, as did mediastinal with axillary lymph node metastasis. From the data, a semi-quantitative model of lymphatic metastasis has been developed for further evaluation and adjuvant chemotherapy testing.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:The pattern and timing of lymphatic metastasis of the rat carcinoma LMC. 372 56

Breast carcinoma is known to metastatize to all organs. In order to understand the patterns of spread and natural courses, this review summarizes detailed studies of patients with various stages of the disease. After treatment of early breast carcinoma (stage I, II, and some III), the recurrent lesion can be classified as local, regional, distant, or combinations thereof. The sites of dissemination of patients presenting with stage IV disease and of those who had autopsy after diagnosis of breast cancer are presented for comparison. Clinicopathological factors that influence the relative incidence, specific site, subsequent event, and prognosis of recurrent and metastatic breast cancers are discussed.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1985
PMID:Patterns of metastasis and natural courses of breast carcinoma. 389 84

Breast carcinoma frequently metastasizes to endocrine organs, a behavior which may have prognostic or therapeutic relevance. Whether endocrine organ involvement represents a trophic influence on some carcinomas or is simply a "mass effect" of tumor dissemination is uncertain. To investigate this question, the authors reviewed the clinical and pathologic features of 187 subjects with metastatic breast carcinoma, all of whom had been subjected to complete autopsy at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Metastases to primary endocrine organs, ie, the anterior pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal cortex, occurred in 57%, and metastases to secondary endocrine organs, ie, the pineal, posterior pituitary, thymus, adrenal medulla, or pancreas, occurred in 62% of patients. In general, patients with endocrine organ metastases were significantly younger and had significantly greater numbers of metastases and greater overall tumor burden than those without endocrine organ metastases (all P less than 0.001). There was no correlation between endocrine organ metastases and survival, therapy, histologic type of tumor, or grade of anaplasia or desmoplasia. Metastases to primary endocrine organs were correlated with one another and with metastases in secondary endocrine organs. Metastases in secondary endocrine organs were intercorrelated and also correlated with several nonendocrine organs, chiefly the heart, liver, and gut (all P less than 0.005). These findings indicate that metastases of breast carcinoma to endocrine organs occur in a setting of widely disseminated tumor. However, the observed correlations among metastatic sites suggest that the distributions are nonrandom; these distributions may reflect fundamental properties of some breast carcinomas with respect to hormone receptors, biologic behavior, or environmental growth requirements.
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PMID:Endocrine organ metastases from breast carcinoma. 614 Aug 49

Two hundred eighty-three pathologic fractures and 23 impending fractures of the hip and femur were analyzed and compared after surgical treatment. One hundred ninety-six fractures were treated by internal fixation or prosthetic replacement and the adjunctive use of methylmethacrylate, and 110 were treated by surgery without the use of methylmethacrylate. Pain relief, ambulatory activities and survival rates were all enhanced in the methylmethacrylate group. The six failures of fixation in the nonacrylic group might have been prevented by the use of bone cement. Breast carcinoma was the most common metastasis, comprising 56% of the series. Kidney metastases, when treated aggressively, showed many long-term survivors. Lung metastases gave the worst prognoses. The overall series survival rates were 59% at six months and 48% at 12 months. The incidence of complications including infection were not related to the use of methylmethacrylate or preoperative radiation. Although many authors have reported the advantages of methylmethacrylate in stabilization of pathological fractures, none have compared the results by analyzing pain relief, ambulatory ability and survival times in those treated with and without bone cement. This study appears to clearly indicate that methylmethacrylate enhances the stability of the pathological fracture and contributes to achieving the goals of treatment in these severely compromised patients.
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PMID:The pathology and treatment of metastatic disease of the femur. 617 83

A 47-year-old woman who had been treated for breast carcinoma 11 years previously developed significant heel pain of unclear etiology, which ultimately proved to be metastatic adenocarcinoma. A low index of suspicion and falsely negative plain radiographs contributed to a delay in diagnosis. No other osseous metastases besides those to the foot were identifiable at the time of diagnosis. Breast carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies and frequently metastasizes to bone. Despite this, metastases to the hands or feet (acrometastases) have been identified in only a few cases. It is likely that acrometastases are more common than reported but unrecognized.
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PMID:Metastatic breast carcinoma to the os calcis presenting as heel pain. 783 71

133 cases of uveal metastasis were reviewed. The study included 97 women and 36 men, aged 10 to 80 (mean 53.1). Breast carcinoma in women and lung carcinoma in men were the primary malignancies, which most frequently led to uveal metastasis. Metastasis from lung carcinoma were often diagnosed before the primary tumor. Survival from ocular diagnosis to death depends on the histological type of the primary tumor.
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PMID:[Metastases to the uvea: statistical study of 133 cases]. 805 68

Malignant disease metastatic to the eye is a common entity afflicting hundred patients each year. Breast carcinoma is the most common carcinoma responsible for ocular metastases with an estimated range probably closer to 30% and prevalence of 11.000 women by year in United-States. Breast carcinoma is followed by lung cancer and adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary. The diagnosis should be suspected in patient with history of carcinoma and a decreased visual acuity or any other visual symptom. The most useful diagnostic techniques include direct ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The cornerstone of treatment of ocular metastases remains radiation therapy. The overall response rates of earlier diagnosis, according to measurement of visual acuity, may be ranged from 72 to 94%. Early diagnosis and treatment of those lesions are a primary concern to maximize the quality of life until death of patients with metastatic disease. We report four cases of women with breast cancer metastatic to the eye.
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PMID:[Metastatic eye neoplasms. Review of the literature apropos of 4 cases]. 805 56

Breast carcinoma is frequently associated with nonrandom chromosomal aberrations, but their identification by standard cytogenetics (SC) is often limited by technical difficulties. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies of interphase nuclei can circumvent some of these difficulties and has the potential to identify nonrandom molecular cytogenetic events occurring in breast cancer. FISH was performed on tumor nuclei isolated from 15 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival breast carcinomas using a panel of chromosome-specific alpha-satellite probes for enumerating chromosomes in interphase nuclei. Freshly isolated cells from these same cases had previously been studied by standard cytogenetics and FISH. In addition to archival primary carcinoma, archival metastases and normal tissue were also studied by FISH. Genetic numerical alterations were identified by standard cytogenetics or FISH in 14 of 15 carcinomas. Numeric alterations initially identified by standard cytogenetics were confirmed by FISH in 9 of 10 cases. Results of FISH performed on nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded material were in agreement with FISH performed on freshly isolated cells. Clonal numeric alterations were observed in the archival primary tumor as well as in metastases. Archival normal tissue was consistently disomic.
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PMID:Genetic heterogeneity of primary and metastatic breast carcinoma defined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. 878 Mar 79

Breast carcinoma is the most common origin of cutaneous metastasis in women but is usually of ductal or lobular histotypes. Sarcomatoid (metaplastic) carcinoma of the breast, although a well-established aggressive neoplasm, is very uncommon. The metaplastic elements span all types of mesenchymal differentiation and have been demonstrated to be derived from carcinomatous elements. Skin metastasis from such lesions is extremely rare. A case of metastatic sarcomatoid breast carcinoma to the skin is described in which the histology of the metastases was that of chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:Chondrosarcomatous cutaneous metastasis. A unique manifestation of sarcomatoid (metaplastic) breast carcinoma. 890 2


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