Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignancy-related hypocalcaemia has received less attention in the literature than the opposite perturbation, hypercalcaemia. Only, scarce and contradictory data exist about hypocalcaemia associated with bone metastases (BMH). We have reviewed the clinical records of 155 patients with bone metastases of solid tumours, 122 of which were followed during the whole course of the disease until death. The frequency of hypocalcaemia ranged from 5 to 13%, depending on the formula used to correct calcium values for protein concentration. BMH was almost exclusively limited to patients with osteoblastic metastases. The frequency of BMH among patients with prostate carcinoma was 13-27%, depending on the formula used. Only two of 60 patients with lytic bone lesions presented hypocalcaemia, and in both cases it was rather mild. The development of hypocalcaemia did not seem to imply a worse prognosis, at least in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. Thus, the prevalence of BMH appears to be higher than is usually considered. Adequate attention should be given to this disorder because of the potentially deleterious effects on several organ systems.
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PMID:The clinical spectrum of hypocalcaemia associated with bone metastases. 248 31

Definitive radiation therapy was administered to 577 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the prostate localized to the pelvis. Results of therapy and prognostic factors are evaluated and compared with other reports. All patients were followed for a minimum of 3 years, the median period of observation is 6.5 years. The disease-free survival in stages A2 and B was 78% at 5 years and 60% at 10 years; in stage C, 60% at 5 years and 36% at 10 years. The overall actuarial survival in stage B patients was 76% at 5 years and 58% at 10 years, which is similar to the life expectancy of a comparable cohort of normal males. In stage C, the actuarial survival was 65% at 5 years and 38% at 10 years, approximately 15% below the normal life expectancy for a similar cohort. Histological differentiation of the tumor had a significant impact on survival, poorly differentiated tumors showing 20% lower survival rates, most likely related to a higher incidence of distant metastases. Age was not found to be a significant prognostic factor in patients with stage B tumors; however, in stage C, the 5-year disease-free survival was 43% in patients younger than 60 and 53% in those older than 60 years (p = 0.04). In stage B, patients who had control of the pelvic tumor exhibited a 80% actuarial 5-year survival and 60% at 10 years. This compares with an actuarial survival of 30% at 5 and 10 years when there was evidence of pelvic recurrence alone or combined with distant metastases. In stage C patients with pelvic tumor control, actuarial survival was 81% at 5 years and 50% at 10 years, in comparison with 20% 5-year and 10% 10-year survival when pelvic recurrence or distant metastases or a combination of both occurred. The method of diagnosis [transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) versus needle biopsy] did not appear to be a major prognostic factor of survival or patterns of failure, except in patients with stage C moderately differentiated tumors. The interpretation of the lymphangiogram (normal, suspicious or abnormal) did not correlate with survival or tumor control. The pathologic status of the lymph nodes established at lymphadenectomy did not appear to relate to survival for patients with stage B disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Factors influencing outcome of definitive radiotherapy for localized carcinoma of the prostate. 255 71

Despite the high prevalence and mortality from carcinoma of the prostate, very few prospective, controlled, population-based studies are available to assess the impact of early diagnosis programs. Three screening modalities have been suggested for this tumor: rectal examination, serum tumor markers, and transrectal ultrasound. Prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen have proven to be insensitive and nonspecific in large trials and generally, when elevated, allow diagnosis of metastatic disease. Transrectal ultrasound also suffers from poor specificity. Rectal examination, although insensitive to small tumors (less than 1 ml in volume), has the advantage of possibly detecting tumors of a higher biologic activity. An improved survival has been demonstrated in populations undergoing routine rectal examinations. Further prospective, population-based trials comparing early detection techniques are necessary before mass screening for carcinoma of the prostate can be recommended.
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PMID:Screening for carcinoma of the prostate: efficacy of available screening tests. 265 56

A breast mass in a man with carcinoma of the prostate may represent metastatic disease or, less often, a primary carcinoma of the breast. Advances in the differentiation of these lesions and a comparison of treatment regimes are discussed.
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PMID:Breast masses associated with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 272 May 73

Bone marrow scintigraphy was performed in 23 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the prostate, using a new radiopharmaceutical, Technetium-99m nanocolloid. The results suggest that although bone marrow scintigraphy is less sensitive than conventional bone scintigraphy in the detection of skeletal metastases from prostatic carcinoma, the technique may have a place in the management of patients with advanced metastatic disease, especially those who are anaemic, by identifying those patients at risk from myelosuppressive therapy.
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PMID:99mTc-nanocolloid bone marrow scintigraphy in prostatic cancer. 273 Oct 8

Transurethral resection (TUR) in combination with endocrine therapy was performed on 30 patients who were on initial treatment for carcinoma of the prostate and 6 patients who had previously been treated for this disease, 5 of whom were suffering from relapse after a satisfactory response to endocrine therapy. This paper reports the results viewed from potential promoting of metastasis and improvement in bladder outlet obstruction. Prior to TUR, urinary retention was present in 11 of initially treated patients (36.7%) and in three of the previously treated patients (50.0%). The average duration of postoperative indwelling catheter was 3.9 +/- 1.6 days in the initially treated group and 5.2 +/- 3.1 days in the previously treated group. Among the initially treated group, two patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma advancing from Stage C to Stage D (15.4%) developed postoperative metastases which demonstrated at 14 and 42 months; the timing of their occurrence, however, was thought to preclude relating the metastases to TUR. Although metastasis occurred early in two patients among the previously treated group (33.3%), it was considered a natural disease course in relapse cases. Obstructive voiding symptoms recurred postoperatively in three patients of the initially treated group (10.0%) and three patients of the previously treated group (50.0%) during 6 months or more of follow-up periods. UR performed for carcinoma of the prostate proved to be fully safe and effective in the initially treated patients, while admitting that a considerable number of relapses seen in the previously treated patients degraded its benefit to some extent. We conclude that TUR contributed to the better quality of life in both initially and previously treated groups of patients with carcinoma of the prostate.
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PMID:[Transurethral resection of bladder outlet obstruction from carcinoma of the prostate]. 273 66

During the years 1978-1986 111 fairly elderly patients with prostatic carcinoma in clinical stages B, C, or D, and usually having tumours that were poorly differentiated, received radical radiotherapy to the prostate and bladder and to the adjacent lymph node regions. The side effects were comparable to those reported in the literature. During the follow-up 72% of the patients sooner or later (actuarial analysis) developed local recurrence or distant metastases. The projected survival rate at 8 years was 25%, and should be compared with the 65% expected for an age-matched Swedish male population. After 3 years the two survival curves became rather parallel, indicating a 'cure' rate of the order of 49%. There was a significant difference in survival between patients clinically judged to have only intracapsular carcinoma and those considered to have extracapsular carcinoma. The relatively modest survival figures in the present series reflect the malignant nature of poorly differentiated carcinoma of the prostate.
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PMID:Radical radiotherapy in prostatic carcinoma. 273 17

Localised carcinoma of the prostate may be amenable to radical curative therapy. Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy is controversial but is the only means of demonstrating lymph node spread accurately. Five patients in a group of 16 who presented apparently with localised prostatic carcinoma, and who had negative bone scan and CT scan, were shown at operation to have metastatic carcinoma involving their lymph nodes; 3 of 8 patients with high grade tumours were free of lymph node metastases. Without staging lymphadenectomy, these patients may have been inappropriately treated.
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PMID:Management of localised prostatic carcinoma. 276 71

Intracranial metastases from carcinoma of the prostate are thought to be rare. The majority of the lesions reported have been dural in location. Subdural and intracerebral tumors are rarer. A review of previous autopsy series reveals an average frequency of 2.4%. Computed tomography offers an accurate and simple method of confirming the presence of intracranial metastases from carcinoma of the prostate. We report and discuss two patients displaying dural tumor deposits, one with possible parenchymal extension.
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PMID:Computed tomographic evaluation of intracranial metastases from carcinoma of the prostate. 276 26

The loco-regional investigation of carcinoma of the prostate usually comprises ilio-obturator lymphadenectomy. This procedure carries a significant morbidity. Immunolymphoscintigraphy may provide a non-invasive alternative to this operation. Monoclonal (MAB) 227 A anti-prostatic acid phosphatase antibodies have been produced and selected for their affinity and specificity. This MAB was fragmented to its F (ab')2 form and marked with Iodine 123. Fifteen patients with prostate cancer were given 100 to 400 micrograms of the MAB by periprostatic perineal injection. The region was scanned 1 hr, 3 hrs, 6 hrs and 24 hrs after the injection. The results of the immunolymphoscintigraphy were compared with the histology of the ganglia removed at surgery or needle biopsy guided by CT scanning. In 13 cases the results were concordant for the two techniques (10 negatives and 3 positives). Two patients showed extra-prostatic fixation whilst the histology remained negative. Immunolymphoscintigraphy may therefore provide a simple method of detecting local metastases of carcinoma of the prostate if these initial results are confirmed.
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PMID:[Initial results in man of immunolymphoscintigraphy of cancer of the prostate]. 278 86


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