Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum concentrations of alphaaminonitrogen (AAN), lysine, valine and leucines were determined before and within the period of 24 hr after the administration of Trophysan (10% solution of glucose containing a mixture of aminoacids) in 100 patients with cancer (17 with gastrointestinal carcinoma, 34 with uterus carcinoma, stages I to III; 8 with breast carcinoma, stages II and III; 15 with bronchogenic carcinoma, 10 with various localizations and 15 with metastatic cancer) and in 22 patients with benign tumors. A significant decrease in the serum content of AAN, valine and lysine was noted in patients with cancer (stages I to III) at 24 hours after the administration of Trophysan. This effect was absent for the patients with benign tumors. The enhanced uptake of aminoacids found in patients with cancer is probable the result of the negative nitrogen balance associated with the malignant state.
 ...
PMID:Differences in uptake of aminoacids by patients with various forms of cancer. 74 62

Clonal subpopulations of neoplastic cells were derived, in soft agar, from the spontaneously metastazing variant (MV522) of a human lung carcinoma cell line. The ability of these clones to spontaneously metastasize from subcutaneous sites in athymic mice was then tested. A variation in metastatic ability was expected with the derivation of some low metastatic clones and some high metastatic ones. However, all of the derived clones, although equally tumorigenic, were less metastatic than the parental variant. These clonal cell lines can now be used in a systematic analysis of events associated with the reversion to a less malignant state.
 ...
PMID:Cloned low metastatic variants from human lung carcinoma metastases. 236 80

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. To understand the cellular changes associated with transformation of hepatocytes to the malignant state, we have made several libraries of monoclonal antibodies against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line FOCUS and have found six antibodies (AF-20, SF-25, SF-31, SF-90, XF-4, and XF-8) that recognize antigens expressed at consistently higher levels on hepatoma cells. We have studied malignant and nontransformed liver tissue from the same individual by using direct 125I-labeled antibody binding and immunoperoxidase staining techniques. For each of these antibodies, we found striking increases in antigen expression on the transformed tissues. These antigens were found to be expressed throughout the tumor and on distant metastases, with little, if any, expression on the nontransformed adjacent liver. These antibodies demonstrate that hepatic transformation may be accompanied by stereotyped and predictable antigenic changes. The uniformity of such antigenic changes suggests an association between these cell-surface alterations and the malignant transformation process.
 ...
PMID:Cell-surface changes associated with transformation of human hepatocytes to the malignant phenotype. 283 34

In order to identify the biochemical defect(s) responsible for the reduced levels of DNA 5-methylcytosine (5-mCyt) found within highly metastatic (in athymic "nude" mice) variants of the poorly metastatic human melanoma cell line MeWo, the ability of these cells to grow in culture medium devoid of exogenous methionine but containing either homocysteine (Hcy) or 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MeSAdo) was determined. In contrast to the parental MeWo tumor line, many (but not all) of these malignant variants were completely unable to proliferate in methionine-free homocysteine-containing medium. Many of these malignant variants also exhibited a reduced ability to proliferate in methionine-free MeSAdo-containing medium. Cell lines established from "artificial" metastases of MeWo or its cloned sublines, exhibited no consistent reduction in their ability to grow in methionine-free medium containing either Hcy or MeSAdo. These observations suggest that alterations in S-adenosylmethionine(AdoMet)-dependent transmethylation reactions may contribute to "progression" of the MeWo tumor from a relatively benign to a highly autonomous and malignant state.
 ...
PMID:Altered methionine metabolism in metastatic variants of a human melanoma cell line. 291 39

The cell surface proteins of some human astrocytomas have been investigated. Cell cultures were initiated from the tumours and surface proteins labelled with radioiodine in monolayer cultures. Normal glial and astrocytoma cells were found to possess a common surface protein pattern. In the molecular weight (MW) range of 225,000-75,000 daltons, the protein profile contained 6 well-defined peaks. The 195,000-dalton component (pb) was found liable to resolve into pb and a forerunning component pb'. Component pd (130,000 daltons) similarly showed resolution into subcomponents in 5 out of 9 tumours. The remaining components appeared more homogeneous in electrophoresis. There were also significant quantitative changes in the expression of the various components of the astrocytomas as compared with the normal glial cell line. Component pa was found to be reduced by greater than 70% in 7 out of 9 astrocytomas. The levels of 225,000-dalton proteins were found to be directly proportional to the survival times of the patients. Components pc appeared to be amplified by a factor of 1.6-3.5 in all the astrocytomas as compared with the normal glial line. Increased incorporation of radioiodine was also seen in 7 out of 9 tumours in components with MW of less than 75,000 daltons. The possible significance of the differential expression of the surface components is discussed. It is suggested that some of these changes, especially in component pa, may be associated with the malignant state.
Invasion Metastasis 1983
PMID:The membrane external proteins of human astrocytomas in culture. 667 24

The metastatic stability of clones, which were derived from the murine UV-2237 fibrosarcoma and which exhibit low or high metastatic potential, was examined after 60-72 days of continuous growth in vitro and in vivo. Subclones of the high metastatic clone exhibited a 140-fold variation in the production of experimental pulmonary metastases after intravenous injection into syngeneic C3H- mice. In contrast, subclones from the low metastatic clone varied only slightly (8-fold). Using cloned cells from three mouse tumors with differing metastatic potential, we determined the spontaneous mutation rates of cells with low or high metastatic capacities with respect to the selective genetic markers, 6-thiopurine resistance or ouabain resistance, or both. In all cases, cells with high metastatic potential had a 3- to 7-fold increase in the rate of mutation (per cell generation) at both genetic loci, as compared with their low metastatic but tumorigenic cell controls. These results support the hypothesis that the evolution of tumors from the benign to the malignant state could be the consequence of acquired genetic instability in the neoplastic cells.
 ...
PMID:Increasing metastatic potential is associated with increasing genetic instability of clones isolated from murine neoplasms. 694 69

Eighteen distant metastases from cervical cancer to the extrapelvic abdomen, extraabdominal lymph nodes, vulva, suburethral region, skin, and breast in 17 patients were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization under nonstringent and stringent conditions for the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35 DNA. Fourteen metastases in thirteen patients were HPV-positive. Thirteen tumors contained HPV-16 and one HPV-related sequences with varying copy number. In 9 of 11 cases, where the corresponding primary tumor could be studied, HPV positivity and type were identical. Two HPV-negative primary lesions had HPV-positive metastases; in three cases differences in restriction pattern or copy number were revealed. The HPV status showed no clear association with age of the patient, latency period between primary tumor and metastasis, histological findings, therapy, and clinical course of the disease after metastasis. The rather conserved presence of HPV DNA in distant metastases of cervical carcinoma underlines the importance of these viruses also for the maintenance of the malignant state.
 ...
PMID:Human papillomavirus DNA in distant metastases of cervical cancer. 838 Jul 88

Ever since it was discovered that CEA, as member of the CEA-gene family, is part also of the Ig-supergene family, to which molecules involved in cell interactions like cell adhesion or cell recognition belong, great efforts were made to prove that CEA is also an adhesion molecule. At present this seems to be an accepted fact. In the present study we advance a different theory which is based on the expression pattern of CEA during ontogeny and in malignancy and which is suggestive of CEA functioning more as a signal protein prohibiting further cell/cell contact rather than as an adhesion molecule. In the malignant state the expression of this molecule on the surface of tumor cells would facilitate migration and motility, i.e., metastases formation. Furthermore it would prevent a tight contact between cytotoxic effector cells and CEA expressing target cells.
 ...
PMID:Possible function of CEA as cell-contact inhibitory molecule. 857 74

Increased levels of human cysteine proteases have been implicated in the progression of tumors from the premalignant to the malignant state. The physiological activities of these proteases are regulated by their interactions with specific inhibitors. To our knowledge there have been no previous reports about the cysteine protease inhibitors (CPIs) in human brain tumors. In the study reported here, we determined CPI activity during glioma progression and compared that with normal human brain tissue. We also determined CPI activities in meningioma and glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. This activity was significantly higher in normal brain tissue and low-grade glioma than in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. CPI activity was significantly higher in benign and atypical meningioma cell extracts in comparison with those from malignant meningiomas and with those from glioblastoma cell lines. After several passages, one benign meningioma cell line showed reduced levels of CPI and increased levels of cathepsin. Our results suggest that decreases in the activities of CPI may contribute to the malignant properties of brain tumors.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1996 Sep
PMID:Expression of cysteine protease inhibitors in human gliomas and meningiomas. 887 8

The MN protein is a newly described biomarker found to be overexpressed in most cervical carcinomas. This study was an effort to evaluate the prognostic importance of tumor MN expression, HPV status, and the presence of other biomarkers in cervical cancers. Tumor DNA and protein for study were extracted from archived frozen tissue. Tumor tissues and controls were evaluated by Western blot analysis for MN, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), c-myc, and p53 protein overexpression. Immunohistochemistry was performed for MN quantification and the study of expression patterns in histologic subtypes of cervical cancer. HPV data were obtained by PCR amplification of extracted DNA using consensus and type-specific primers. Clinical data were obtained from the patients' records and from the cancer registry. Clinical and molecular data were correlated by chi2, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression. The results demonstrate that IAP is not overexpressed in clinical specimens of cervical carcinoma, although in somatic cell hybrid experiments, overexpression of IAP correlates with the malignant state. None of 47 tumors, including those which were HPV negative, overexpressed p53. c-myc protein overexpression occurred in 11 of 52 tumors, most of which contained HPV 16, but this was not significantly different from the tumors as a whole. There was no apparent association between MN protein expression and the overexpression of c-myc protein. MN was overexpressed in all cancers and quantitatively varied with the histologic subtype. Specifically, lower expression of MN correlated with adenosquamous and less-differentiated histology (P < 0.01 for grade 3 tumors). Low expression of MN protein also correlated with HPV negativity (P < 0.05). In stage IB and IIA cancers, low expression of MN was associated with deeper cervical stromal invasion (P < 0.03). Further, low expression of MN correlated with lymph node metastases in small (<3.5 cm) IB and IIA cervical cancers (P < 0.04). These data suggest that MN is emerging as a potentially important new biomarker for cervical carcinoma. The overexpression commonly seen in cervical cancer is possibly associated with loss of a critical tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 11. Low expression of MN antigen appears to correlate with several adverse prognostic features and further prospective study is warranted.
 ...
PMID:A study of biomarkers in cervical carcinoma and clinical correlation of the novel biomarker MN. 894 69


1 2 3 Next >>