Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MHC class I antigens participate in the immune response by presenting peptides to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Decreased expression of these antigens in tumor cells may contribute to an evasion of immune system and consequently to enhanced tumor growth. However, not all tumors expressing low levels of HLA antigens show increased malignancy, probably as a result of the differential activity of the oncogenes involved in malignant transformation. The ras family of cellular oncogenes is one of the most frequently detected families of transformation-inducing genes in human solid tumors. The aim of this work is to study the expression of MHC antigens and the ras oncogene product, p21ras, in 60 primary breast tumors in order to define its clinical significance in tumor progression. HLA antigen expression and p21ras levels were measured on breast tumors using immunohistochemistry methods and enzymoimmunoassay, respectively. The results demonstrate that more invasive tumors have both a decreased expression of HLA class I antigens and higher levels of p21ras protein expression than less aggressive tumors. These findings indicate that the capacity of breast cancers to grow and metastasize is related to low levels of MHC class I antigens and enhanced p21ras expression, thus supporting the involvement of MHC and ras oncogenes in breast tumor malignancy.
Invasion Metastasis 1992
PMID:MHC class I antigen expression is inversely related with tumor malignancy and ras oncogene product (p21ras) levels in human breast tumors. 129 32

The authors present the results of clinical and morphologic analysis of 10 cases with annular iridociliary tumors that occurred within the latest decade. The incidence of this tumor among other intraocular tumors has been 3.7%, that among iridocialiary tumors, 42.8%. In seven of the ten patients the disease manifested by elevation of intraocular pressure, less frequently it manifested by changed color of the iris or acute iridocyclitis. Extrabulbar tumor growth into the scleral conjunctiva was observed in half of the patients, in two of these lymphogenic metastases were detected. The prolonged latent course of the disease impeded in the majority of cases not only timely diagnosis of the intraocular tumor, but of its dissemination as well. Four histologic variants of the tumor growth were distinguished.
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PMID:[The clinico-morphological characteristics of the annular form of iridociliary neoplasms]. 129 95

Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in human breast carcinoma were studied using a computer-assisted system of image analysis. Standardized, automatic measurements of 7 morphometric parameters (area, perimeter, shape factor, bend energy, angle, and small and large diameters) performed on paraffin sections and cell imprint were compared and correlated with nuclear morphometry, histopathological grading, tumor growth fraction, (monoclonal Ki67-immunostaining), DNA nuclear content (stoechiometric Feulgen staining) and axillary lymph node invasion. The major findings were as follows: (i) variations in AgNORs and nuclear parameters were correlated, (ii) the ratio of AgNOR area/nuclear area was significantly different in low and high grade tumors, (iii) mean AgNOR parameter values increased significantly with the tumor growth fraction and tumor hyperploidy and were significantly higher in patients with axillary lymph node metastases and (iv) AgNOR evaluation was more accurate for cell preparations than for tissue sections.
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PMID:Correlation of nucleolar organizer regions and nuclear morphometry assessed by automatic image analysis in breast cancer with aneuploidy, K167 immunostaining, histopathologic grade and lymph node involvement. 130 May 97

Among 288 patients with prolactinoma (aged 12-62 years; 242 women), 27 were diagnosed as resistant to bromocriptine as their plasma prolactin (PRL) levels remained elevated despite long-term (3 months or more) treatment at high doses (> or = 15 mg daily). These 18 women and 9 men, aged 29 +/- 9 years (mean +/- SD, range 13-50), followed-up for 8 +/- 4 years, had microadenomas (n = 6) or macroadenomas. They were treated by dopamine agonists alone (n = 6) or associated with surgical or radiation therapy. In 8 cases repetitive surgical treatments were necessary. Among the 24 patients who were treated with the nonergot dopamine agonist CV 205-502 after unsuccessful bromocriptine treatment, half of them (9 women, 3 men) resumed normal PRL levels on doses ranging from 0.15 to 0.45 mg/day. Despite daily doses of CV 205-502 from 0.3 to 0.525 mg, the remaining patients were not normalized by this drug which did not prevent tumor growth in 4 of them. Two patients died from invasive cerebral extensions of their tumor and a third had vertebral metastases with positive anti-PRL immunostaining. It is concluded that bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas represent the most severe aspect of this disease and that a more powerful dopamine agonist like CV 205-502 is effective in only a fraction of these patients.
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PMID:Prolactinomas and resistance to dopamine agonists. 130 23

Specific host-graft interactions, as well as intrinsic properties of transferred cell, determine tumorigenicity in xenogeneic systems. We compared the growth characteristics of human B-lymphoid cell lines in SCID mice with the well characterized growth pattern in nude mice and observed striking differences in malignancy in the respective hosts. Two cell lines derived from the same individual, the Epstein-Barr-virus(EBV)-positive Burkitt's lymphoma BL 60 (BL) and the autologous EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line IARC 277 (LCL) were used. In addition, we tested somatic cell hybrids (HYB) of both cell lines, which despite the LCL-like differentiation phenotype show the de-regulated c-myc expression pattern of the parental BL line, assumed to be a critical factor in BL pathogenesis. Subcutaneously (s.c.) injected BL cells produced local progressively growing tumor masses at the injection site without distant metastases in both nude and SCID mice. Although both mouse strains possess the same genetic background (BALB/c) and differ only in the B-cell sub-set, the growth patterns of the LCL and hybrids were completely different. In contrast to the regressive behaviour of LCL and hybrids in nude mice, these lines show invasive and disseminated progressive growth in SCID mice. Peripheral lymph nodes an thymic tissue were preferentially colonized, whereas mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (Peyer's patches and appendix) and spleen were not infiltrated. The preferential migration of lymphocytes to certain tissues is termed homing in a syngeneic system and mediated by homing receptors and vascular addressins. The "homing" of LCL and hybrids into lymphoid SCID mouse tissue suggests a strong interaction with the endothelial cells of the host. Detailed phenotypic analysis of BL, LCL and 3 different hybrids was performed using an antibody panel against differentiation and adhesion markers. Overall dominance of the LCL phenotype was observed in the hybrids, as indicated by cytology, tumor growth, dissemination and the pattern of surface-marker expression. The c-myc activation in hybrids does not appear to influence growth behavior.
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PMID:Local growth of a Burkitt's lymphoma versus disseminated invasive growth of the autologous EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cells and their somatic cell hybrids in SCID mice. 130 26

A clinicopathologic study of 42 mucinous gastric carcinomas (MGC) and 73 nonmucinous gastric carcinomas (NGC) was done. The tumor was defined as MGC when more than one half of tumor area had mucin pools. The 5-year survival rate for curatively treated patients was almost the same in MGC (58%) and NGC (56%), and clinicopathologic features, except for lymphatic permeation, showed no significant difference between MGC and NGC. Findings in MGC patients who died of a recurrence within 3 years included total gastrectomy, upper location, large size, infiltrative growth, extraserosal invasion, positive lymph node metastasis, more advanced stage, and a noncurative operation. There was no significant correlation between the degree of mucin content and other data, including the prognosis. Histologically, MGC were divided into well-differentiated and poorly differentiated types, according to the degree of glandular formation of the tumor cells. In patients with well-differentiated MGC, the age of onset was older, tumor growth was localized, and there were metastases to the liver. In patients with poorly differentiated MGC, the age of onset was younger, tumor growth was infiltrative, and there was peritoneal dissemination. These results show that the biologic behavior of MGC is similar to that of NGC and that the lesion basically is determined by the histologic subtype, not by the mucin content.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic study of mucinous gastric carcinoma. 131 Apr 32

Previously we have shown that a murine mammary carcinoma cell line, designated SPI, grows and metastasizes more efficiently in the mammary gland than in the subcutis. In this report, we examine the tissue specificity of this phenomenon. Our results show that SPI cells grow best in the mesenteric and ovarian fat pads and well in the mammary gland, but very poorly in the subcutis or peritoneal cavity. Massive dissemination of tumors from the ovarian and mesenteric sites occurs to the liver, spleen and diaphragm. In contrast, metastases from the mammary site occur primarily in the lung. Co-transplantation of a threshold number of SPI cells with mammary or ovarian fat fragments into the subcutis results in increased tumor growth, whereas very few tumors form in sham controls receiving no fat fragments. Removal of the ovaries of donor and recipient mice abrogates tumor growth in adipose tissue transplants. Estrogen can stimulate growth of SPI in adipose tissue sites, whereas progesterone inhibits growth. In contrast, in vivo growth of a stable metastatic variant selected from SPI cells was not inhibited by progesterone. SPI cells growing in ovarian and mesenteric fat pads showed increased expression of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, as well as detectable levels of epidermal-growth-factor receptors, whereas receptor levels decreased to baseline on tumors in the subcutis. The levels of estrogen-receptor mRNA reflect the corresponding functional expression of receptors; this finding suggests that the regulation of estrogen-receptor expression in this system is, at least in part, at the mRNA level. Our results are consistent with the model that adipose tissue exerts an estrogen-dependent positive regulatory effect on primary SPI tumor growth, and promotes the formation of metastases.
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PMID:Capacity of adipose tissue to promote growth and metastasis of a murine mammary carcinoma: effect of estrogen and progesterone. 131 63

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between morphometrical characteristics of noncancerous liver tissues and clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 89 cases which underwent either hepatectomy (n = 56) or autopsy (n = 33). Using Automatic Image Analyzer (IBAS-2), we determined interstitial ratio (IR) of the non-cancerous liver tissues as a morphological parameter in all cases. In addition, mean values of area (MA), maximal diameter, and shape factor of pseudolobules were determined in the cirrhotic patients. IR in cases with main tumors smaller than 3 cm was higher than that in cases with tumors larger than 3 cm (23.5 +/- 6.7% vs 18.5 +/- 8.9% mean +/- SD: p less than 0.01), and IR in cases with histologically proven intrahepatic metastases (im positive) was also higher as compared to im negative cases (17.5 +/- 9.0% vs 21.3 +/- 8.0%; p less than 0.05). Among the other parameters determined in the cirrhotics, MA was higher in cases with tumors larger than 3 cm than in cases with smaller tumors (2.54 +/- 1.87 mm2 vs 1.78 +/- 1.01 mm2; p less than 0.05), and MA was higher in im positive cases as compared to im negatives (2.67 +/- 1.91 mm2 vs 1.67 +/- 0.96 mm2; p less than 0.01). These data indicated that non-cancerous liver tissue has a close relation not only to the carcinogenesis but to subsequent tumor growth and progression of HCC.
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PMID:[Morphometrical analysis of non-cancerous liver tissue with special reference to clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 131 43

To better comprehend the differences in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content between a primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pulmonary metastatic nodules, tissue specimens taken at autopsy of 25 patients who had not received any drugs to treat the malignancy were examined using microspectrophotometry. The DNA distribution patterns were classified into Types I-III, and low (Types I and II) or high (Type III) ploidies, according to DNA distribution. Changes in the DNA content from high to low ploidies, namely DNA ploidy reduction from the primary lesion to pulmonary metastatic lesions, was evident in 9 of the 25 patients (36%), and changes from low to high were noted in 2 of the 25 patients (8%). The remaining 14 (56%) showed no evidence of changes in the DNA ploidy pattern. Reduction of DNA ploidy seen in HCC and its metastatic lesions in the lung may be one of the aspects of clonal evolution or selection mechanisms during the progression of tumor growth and metastasis.
Clin Exp Metastasis 1992 Sep
PMID:DNA ploidy of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and pulmonary metastases. 132 26

The expression of the protooncogene encoded proteins (c-erbB1, c-erb B2, c-myc, c-fos) and the suppressor gene product p53 was analyzed in 81 human squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and correlated with clinical parameters of the patients (patient survival, presence of metastases and tumor stage) and with biological characteristics of the tumors (tumor growth in nude mice, DNA-ploidy, proliferative activity, drug-resistance and P-glycoprotein or gluathione S-transferase expression). By means of immunohistochemistry, expression of c-erbB1 oncoprotein (EGF-receptor) was detected in 79% of the tumors, c-erbB2 (c-neu) proteins in 35%, c-myc proteins in 48%, c-fos proteins in 41%, and p53 in 43% of the tumors. Patients with c-erbB1 positive tumors had a poor prognosis (p = 0.021). In addition, these tumors were more frequently drug resistant (p = 0.0067). A significant correlation between the growth of the squamous lung carcinomas in nude mice and c-fos oncoprotein expression was demonstrated (p = 0.017). Therefore, EGF-receptor and c-fos products may serve as prognostic factors for the aggressiveness of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and for the response of these tumors to chemotherapy. No significant correlation was found between the expression of the c-erbB1 or c-fos gene products and stage, metastasis and DNA-ploidy. In contrast to these results, no relationship was found between c-neu or c-myc gene products expression and any of the clinical or biological parameters examined. Aneuploid squamous cell carcinomas of the lung expressed p53 more frequently than diploid tumors (p = 0.027). However, there was no significant difference between p53 expression and stage, survival of patients, metastasis, growth of the tumors in nude mice, proliferative activity and drug-resistance of the tumors.
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PMID:Oncoprotein (c-myc, c-erbB1, c-erbB2, c-fos) and suppressor gene product (p53) expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Clinical and biological correlations. 134 20


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